双盲对照吸入倍氯以一年对道高反应性与哮喘的防治作用

目的 探讨长期吸入糖皮质激素对哮喘患的治疗作用和无症状的气道高反应性（ＢＨＲ）发生哮喘的预防作用。方法 以随机、双盲对照法比较５９例ＢＨＲ学生，年龄１２－１８岁，吸入倍氯米松粉剂（ＢＤＰ，６００μｇ／ｄ）安慰剂１年对气道反应性及哮喘症关诉作用。结果 试试验１年后哮喘ＢＤＰ组气道高反应性（使ＦＥＶ１较基础值下降２０％的累积吸入组胺量的对数ｌｇＰＤ２０－ＦＥＶ１）显下降（分别为０．３８５±０．４     

二丙酸倍氯米松吸入治疗慢性喘息型支气管炎52例分析

为了探讨二丙酸倍氯米松（ＢＤＰ）吸入是否可改善慢性喘息型支气管炎（慢喘支）患者的肺通气功能，随机选取５２例慢喘支患者，加用ＢＤＰ２００～６００μｇ每天气道内吸入，连续使用１个月。治疗前和疗程结束时检查肺通气功能和动脉血气分析。结果：治疗后患者临床症状改善，总有效率（临床控制＋显效）４６２％，治疗前ＦＥＶ１（１秒钟用力呼气量）、ＰＥＦ（最大呼气流量）、ＦＶＣ（最大肺活量）分别为（０８７±０．４４）Ｌ、（２．０７±１．１０）Ｌ／ｓ、（１．５０±０．６５）Ｌ，治疗后分别为（１．０７±０．５３）Ｌ、（２．８６±１．１３）Ｌ／ｓ、（１．６８±０．６５）Ｌ，治疗前Ｐａｃｏ２为（６．０８±１．６９）ｋＰａ，治疗后Ｐａｃｏ２为（５．３７±１．１０）ｋＰａ，Ｐ值均＜００１。口腔真菌感染略增加（Ｐ＞００５），未见全身性副作用。说明低剂量ＢＤＰ气道内雾化吸入可改善慢喘支患者的通气功能。     

哮喘患者气道阻力变化对中枢驱动的影响

目的：了解哮喘患者气道阻力的变化对中枢驱动的影响。方法对１３例正常人和２１例哮喘患者作气道反应性测定,于激发试验前后分别测定吸气初０．１ｓ时口腔阻断压（０．０１）,其中１０例哮喘患者激发试验后吸入喘乐宁,测定ＦＥＶ１及Ｐ０．１结果：正常人９名（９／１３）、哮喘患者１９例（１９／２１例）组胺激发试验后Ｐ０．１较激发前显著升高,两组Ｐ０．１升高人数的百分比比较差异无显著性,哮喘患者激发后ＦＥＶ１％与Ｐ     

慢性干咳伴有气道高反应性即是咳嗽变异性哮喘吗？

目的评价气道反应性测定在咳嗽变异性哮喘（ＣＶＡ）诊断中的价值。方法１２４例慢性干咳患者经气道反应性测定后，分为咳嗽气道高反应阳性组（ＣＢＨ－Ｐ组）３５例，咳嗽气道高反应阴性组（ＣＢＨ－Ｎ组）３３例。观察常规肺功能、抗原皮肤点刺试验阳性率、血嗜酸性粒细胞计数、血ＩｇＥ水平、泼尼松试验阳性率并随访２年后发展成典型哮喘例数。结果３５例ＣＢＨ－Ｐ组一秒钟用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比值（ＦＥＶ１％）为７４±１０（Ｐ＜０．０１），３３例ＣＢＨ－Ｎ组为８３±１０（Ｐ＜０．０５）。抗原皮肤点刺试验阳性率ＣＢＨ－Ｐ组为５１％，ＣＢＨ－Ｎ组为１２％；血嗜酸性粒细胞计数ＣＢＨ－Ｐ组为０．５±０．１×１０９／Ｌ，ＣＢＨ－Ｎ组为０．３±０．１×１０９／Ｌ；泼尼松试验阳性率ＣＢＨ－Ｐ组为８３％，ＣＢＨ－Ｎ组为１５％。随访２年后发展成典型哮喘例数中ＣＢＨ－Ｐ组有１６例发展成典型哮喘。在ＣＢＨ－Ｐ组中发展成典型哮喘与未发展成典型哮喘患者在皮肤抗原点刺试验阳性率、常规肺功能、反应阈值（Ｄｍｉｎ）及致喘阈值（Ｄｃｗ／Ｄｍｉｎ）等方面差异均无显著性。结论气道反应性测定是诊断ＣＶＡ的重要依据，但不是唯一的诊断标准，还应结合其它临床资料综合判断     

二丙酸倍氯米松干粉剂治疗晚发老年哮喘的临床观察

目的 观察吸入类固醇二丙酸倍氯米松（ＤＢＰ）干粉剂对晚发老年哮喘（ＬＯＡ）的疗效。方法 将２２例ＬＯＡ患者与２３例非老年２哮喘患者进行对比研究,观察吸入β２受体激动剂沙丁胺醇干粉剂后１秒钟用力呼气容积（ＦＥＶ１）的变化以及吸入ＤＢＰ干粉剂后ＦＥＶ１及其占预计值百分比（ＦＥＶ１％）、早晚最大呼气流速（ＰＥＦＲ）及其日内变异率等变化。结果 两组患者在吸入沙丁胺醇干粉剂后ＦＥＶ１均明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０１     

黄芪党参甘草等中药降低气道反应性的研究

目的探讨黄芪、党参、甘草等中药降低气道反应性的作用。方法对２８例哮喘患者治疗前测定用力肺活量（ＦＶＣ），一秒钟用力呼气容积（ＦＥＶ１），高峰呼气流速（ＰＥＦ），并用乙酰甲胆碱（Ｍｃｈ）累积量０．０３３μｍｏｌ和１．９８μｍｏｌ进行激发试验，用黄芪、党参、甘草等中药治疗６周后，再次测定这组患者的三项指标，然后进行治疗前后的对比分析。结果２８例患者经黄芪、党参、甘草等治疗后，ＦＶＣ显著增加（３４±０２～３５±０２Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０５），且ＦＥＶ１（２３±０１～２６±０１）、ＰＥＦ（４９±０３～５３±０３）的增加均具有高度显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论黄芪、党参、甘草等中药能够降低哮喘患者气道反应性。     

糖皮质激素对哮喘患者白细胞介素-5mRNA表达与嗜酸性粒细胞激活作用的影响

为了观察糖皮质激素对哮喘患者白细胞介素（ＩＬ）－５ｍＲＮＡ表达与嗜酸性粒细胞激活作用的影响，本研究用逆转录（ＲＴ）－聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）法半定量分析了哮喘患者用糖皮质激素治疗前后外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）中ＩＬ－５ｍＲＮＡ表达水平的变化，检测了血清嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白（ＥＣＰ）浓度、一秒钟用力呼气容积（ＦＥＶ１）下降２０％时的乙酰甲胆碱（ＭＣＨ）激发浓度（ＭＣＨ－ＰＣ２０值）和基础ＦＥＶ１占用力肺活量比值（ＦＥＶ１％）等指标。结果发现，糖皮质激素不仅能改善哮喘患者的气道高反应性和通气功能，而且还可抑制ＰＢＭＣ中ＩＬ－５ｍＲＮＡ的表达和降低血清ＥＣＰ浓度（Ｐ＜０．０５）；血清ＥＣＰ浓度下降幅度或ＭＣＨ－ＰＣ２０值改善幅度与ＩＬ－５ｍＲＮＡ表达水平下降幅度之间均呈显著正相关（ｒ分别为０．５４２６和０．４８５７，Ｐ值＜０．０５）。提示糖皮质激素可能是通过抑制ＩＬ－５基因的转录，从而抑制后者对嗜酸性粒细胞的活化，而发挥其抗气道炎症反应和降低气道高反应性的作用。     

咳嗽变异型哮喘患者的肺功能及气道反应性特征

为探讨肺功能及气道反应性测定在诊断咳嗽变异型哮喘（ＣＶＡ）中的作用，用２２００型肺功能仪、６２００型体容积描计仪和ＡｓｔｏｇｒａｐｈＴＣＫ６１００气道反应测定仪检测了２２例典型哮喘患者、３５例ＣＶＡ患者和５１例正常健康者的肺功能及气道反应性。ＣＶＡ组的ＦＥＶ１／ＦＶＣ（％）（１秒钟用力呼气量占用力肺活量加百分比）高于哮喘组（Ｐ＜００１），但与正常组无差异（Ｐ＞００５）；Ｒａｗ（气道阻力）明显低于哮喘组（Ｐ＜００１），但高于正常组（Ｐ＜００１）；Ｒｒｓ（呼吸阻力）明显高于正常组（Ｐ＜００１），但明显低于哮喘组（Ｐ＜００５）。ＣＡＶ组和哮喘组间Ｄｍｉｎ（气道反应阈值）和ＳＧｒｓ（单位时间内诱导控制值之差）均无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）。气道反应性测定及肺功能检查ＣＶＡ有较高临床价值     

吸入糖皮质激素治疗非哮喘性慢性阻塞性疾病的研究

目的 研究中等剂量二丙酸氯地米松（ＢＤＰ）短疗程吸入治疗非哮喘慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）是否有疗效，方法 按照随机，对照，单盲的设计，６１例非哮喘性ＣＯＰＤ患分两组，分别予ＢＤＰ（１０００μｇ．ｄ＾－１）与安慰剂吸入治疗６周，治疗前后测定肺功能一秒钟用力呼气容积（ＦＥＶ１）用力肺活量（ＦＶＣ），最大呼气中段流速（ＭＭＥＦ）值和血浆内纱（ＥＴ－１）的浓度，并记录临床症状记分，生活质量记分，结果     

咳嗽变异型哮喘患者11例咳嗽受体敏感性观察

目的　探讨咳嗽变异型哮喘（ＣＶＡ）的咳嗽机制。方法　对１１ 例咳嗽变异型哮喘患者、７ 例哮喘稳定期患者、１０ 例急性支气管炎迁延期患者和１０ 例健康成年人,以组胺吸入进行激发感应ＦＥＶ１ 下降２０ ％ 的浓度（ＰＣ２０ＦＥＶ１）和吸入酒石酸测定咳嗽受体敏感性（ＣＲＳ５）。结果　ＣＶＡ患者、哮喘稳定期患者、急性支气管炎迁延期患者和健康成年人的ＰＣ２０ＦＥＶ１ 分别为（３－７５ ±１－５８）ｇ／Ｌ、（２－０１ ±１－４６）ｇ／Ｌ、（１７－４ ±１－５２）ｇ／Ｌ 和（１８－０３ ±１－６９）ｇ／Ｌ,ＣＶＡ 患者显著降低（ Ｐ ＜ ０－０１）;ＣＲＳ５ 分别为（３８－０１ ±２－０４）ｇ／Ｌ、（８２－２８ ±１－４５）ｇ／Ｌ、（３５－８８ ±２－１８）ｇ／Ｌ、（１１４－８１±１－３３）ｇ／Ｌ,ＣＶＡ 患者显著降低（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。结论　ＣＶＡ 患者咳嗽受体敏感性的阈值明显降低。     

Correlations between lipid levels and age, gender, glycemia, obesity, diabetes, and smoking

A low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Dietary measures and pharmacological agents are often not sufficient to reach the HDL-C target level of 40 mg/dl in patients with low baseline HDL-C. This study assesses the association between lipid levels and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), glycemia, diabetes and smoking and focuses on the parameters influencing HDL-C. In the town of Lede (Belgium) all patients aged between 45 and 64 years were invited during 1999 for a free of charge health check-up and blood test. Blood pressure, weight, length and smoking habits were recorded. Serum levels for glycemia and lipoproteins were determined. In total, 629 subjects attended for the check-up. In a logistic regression analysis age above 50 years was correlated with low HDL-C (OR = 2.27 CI = 1.10-4.68). Male gender was correlated with low HDL-C (OR = 3.85 CI = 1.77-8.43) and with high triglycerides (TG) (OR = 1.94 CI = 1.14-3.30). From the level of 90 mg/dl glycemia was correlated with low HDL-C (OR = 2.56 CI = 1.02-6.39) and high TG (OR = 2.12 CI = 1.16-4.06). Obesity was correlated with low HDL-C (OR = 2.36 CI = 1.18-4.71) and high TG (OR = 2.17 CI = 1.88-5.23). This study provides some evidence to sharpen the target levels for glycemia and BMI among patients with low HDL-C and high TG. For these patients, the target glycemia should be around 90 mg/dl and BMI around 25 kg/m2. Physical activity and diet are also important in the achievement of these target levels.     

Lipoxins,Resolvins, Protectins,Maresins, and Nitrolipids: Connecting Lipids,Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Essential fatty acids and their metabolites (γ-linolenic acid [GLA], dihomo-GLA, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid; prostaglandin E₁; prostacyclin [PGI₂]; PGI₃; lipoxins; resolvins; protectins; maresins; and nitrolipids) prevent platelet aggregation, produce vascular relaxation, inhibit neutrophil degranulation and superoxide formation, inhibit platelet activation, possess peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ligand activity, and release nitric oxide. Thus, they lower blood pressure, are anti-arrhythmic and anti-inflammatory in nature, reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ameliorate the adverse actions of homocysteine, activate telomerase, and have cytoprotective properties—actions that prevent atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Because coronary heart disease (CHD) and atherosclerosis are low-grade systemic inflammatory conditions, it is likely that reduced formation of lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins, and nitrolipids plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of CHD. Hence, development of stable synthetic analogues of lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins may form a new therapeutic approach to CHD and other low-grade systemic inflammatory conditions.     

Cardiovascular,diabetes, and cancer strips: evidences,mechanisms, and classifications

Objectives

To report and name firstly that there are cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancers (CDC) strips; and disclose their mechanisms, classifications, and clinical significances.

Study design

Narrative and systematic review study and interpretive analysis.

Methods

Data sources and study selection: to collect and present related evidences on CDC strips from evidence-based, open-access, both Chinese- and English-language literatures in recent 10 years on clinical trials from PubMed according to keywords “CVD, DM and cancers” as well as authors’ extensive clinical experience with the treatment of more than fifty thousands of patients with CVD, diabetes and cancers over the past decades, and analyze their related mechanisms and categories which based on authors’ previous works. Data extraction: data were mainly extracted from 48 articles which are listed in the reference section of this review. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed data were included, narratively and systematically reviewed.

Results

With several conceptual and technical breakthrough, authors present related evidences on CDC strips, these are, CVD and DM, DM and cancers, cancers and CVD linked, respectively; And “Bad SEED” +/– “bad soil” theory or doctrine may explain this phenomenon due to “internal environmental injure, abnormal or unbalance” in human body resulting from the role of risk factors (RFs) related multi-pathways and multi-targets, which including organ & tissue (e.g., vascular-specific), cell and gene-based mechanisms. Their classifications include main strips/type B, and Branches/type A as showed by tables and figures in this article.

Conclusions

There are CDC strips and related mechanisms and classifications. CDC strips may help us to understand, prevent, and control related common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as well as these high risk strips.