2009-2012年新疆肿瘤监测点新源县恶性肿瘤发病分析

目的：探讨新源县恶性肿瘤发病的分布特征,为卫生行政机构有针对性地开展肿瘤的防治工作提供参考依据。方法对2009-2012年新疆新源县疾病预防控制中心登记报告的居民恶性肿瘤发病资料进行ICD-10分类,按年龄、性别、民族、恶性肿瘤类型进行描述性分析。结果2009-2012年新源县恶性肿瘤累计发病数1419例,发病率为1299．7/10万,其中男性发病数为810例,发病率为1437．8/10万。女性发病数609例,发病率为1152．5/10万,男女性别比为13．3∶1,男女性恶性肿瘤发病率差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0.01）。恶性肿瘤发生主要分布在35∽79岁年龄段。新源县最常见的5种恶性肿瘤分别为胃癌、食管癌、肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌,占全部恶性肿瘤病例数的587．0％。汉族癌症发病率前5位的依次是肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝癌及结直肠癌。哈萨克族癌症发病率前5位的依次是食管癌、胃癌、支气管肺癌、肝癌及结直肠癌。哈萨克族食管癌和胃癌发病率高于汉族。结论新源县肿瘤发病率呈上升趋势。不同性别、民族发病率不同。需要针对不同人群制定相应政策．进一步加强健康教育,改变生活方式,从而降低恶性肿瘤发病率,做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗。     

9年出院病人恶性肿瘤构成及分布分析

目的 分析恶性肿瘤出院人数及构成情况,为医院肿瘤学科建设提供决策依据.方法 分析2000～2008年恶性肿瘤住院病人49039例的病案资料.结果 该院收治肿瘤病人从2000～2008年保持在15.6%～20.3%之间,基本上居出院病人的首位;前5位恶性肿瘤是胃癌、肺癌、肠癌、食管癌、肝癌;男性前5位肺癌、胃癌、肠癌、肝癌、食管癌;女性前五位胃癌、肠癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、食管癌;年龄分布集中在40～70岁;男女比例是1.356:1.结论 胃癌、肺癌、肠癌、食管癌、肝癌、乳腺癌是治疗重点,病员来源广泛,已成为青岛地区肿瘤治疗中心.     

某医院2013-2015年前10位恶性肿瘤住院病例统计分析

目的：调查2013-2015年南通某医院恶性肿瘤住院患者的病种变化趋势及年龄、性别构成,为肿瘤防治提供依据。方法：利用病案统计管理系统统计2013-2015年原发恶性肿瘤住院患者,分别从病种构成及变化、性别和年龄特征进行分析。结果：恶性肿瘤住院病例数呈逐年上升趋势,居前5位分别为食管癌、肺癌、宫颈癌、胃癌、肝癌。除宫颈癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌外,其余7种恶性肿瘤均为男性多于女性,男性患者排前5位分别为食管癌、肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、直肠癌,女性患者排前5位分别为宫颈癌、肺癌、食管癌、乳腺癌、胃癌。60岁以上患者居多,宫颈癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌以40～59岁年龄段居多。结论：2013-2015年该院恶性肿瘤住院患者数呈逐年上升的趋势,居前10位恶性肿瘤的病种一致,在顺位上略有变化。     

河北省保定市2013-2015年以医院为基础的恶性肿瘤癌谱分析

目的分析2013-2015年保定市恶性肿瘤疾病谱构成及其分布特征,为制定有效的癌症防治策略提供科学依据。方法收集整理2013-2015年保定市二级以上医疗机构26 194例恶性肿瘤病人信息,对其构成情况进行统计描述及分析。结果 2013-2015年保定市恶性肿瘤病人疾病谱构成趋于稳定。前10位恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤的75. 36%,肺癌高居榜首,其次依次为乳腺癌、结直肠肛门癌、胃癌、子宫颈癌、肝癌、食管癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、子宫体及子宫部位不明。男性前5位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、结直肠肛门癌、胃癌、肝癌和食管癌,女性前5位恶性肿瘤依次为乳腺癌、肺癌、子宫颈癌、结直肠肛门癌以及子宫体癌。结论肺癌、消化道癌、乳腺癌、子宫颈癌为当地高发癌种。应根据肿瘤疾病谱的特点有针对性地开展肿瘤防治工作。     

2012年铜山区恶性肿瘤发病分析报告

目的了解铜山区近年来恶性肿瘤发病的发展趋势和人群的分布特点,为今后有针对性开展干预提供依据。方法将2012年恶性肿瘤新发病例的资料录入到徐州市肿瘤网络报告系统中,疾病按照ICD-10分类,采用SPSS软件进行统计学分析。结果居前五位的恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、食管癌,发病率依次为33.35/10万、18.37/10万、13.25/10万、11.59/10万、9.03/10万,男性恶性肿瘤发病率前五位为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、肠癌;女性恶性肿瘤发病率前五位为肺癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌。结论恶性肿瘤是影响居民健康和死亡的主要疾病,尤以肺癌为例。     

某高校教职工恶性肿瘤发病情况调查分析

目的了解西北工业大学教职工恶性肿瘤的发病情况。方法调查分析2007年至2012年新发生的110例恶性肿瘤患者肿瘤的种类、性别、职业分布特点及预后。结果发病前6位的恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、胃癌及前列腺癌,共77例（70．0％）。其中男性发病前5位依次是肺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、胃癌、前列腺癌,共53例（48．2％）;女性前5位依次是乳腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌,共24例（21．8％）。50—59岁及70—79岁两个高发年龄段,分别占28．2％和24．5％。结论该高校恶性肿瘤的发病与国内报道相似,而乳腺癌和前列腺癌位次前移,以及50岁以上人群高发病趋势应引起高度重视。     

唐县2018年恶性肿瘤发病及死亡情况分析

目的 分析2018年唐县主要恶性肿瘤发病及死亡情况。方法 根据全国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核方法和评价指标,计算恶性肿瘤的发病率、死亡率以及顺位。结果 2018年唐县共报告恶性肿瘤发病1 292例,恶性肿瘤发病率为236.43/10万,中标率为184.60/10万。2018年报告死亡病例621例,粗死亡率为113.64/10万,中标率为74.91/10万。恶性肿瘤发病前5位依次是肺癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、食管癌、结直肠肛门癌。死亡前5位的依次为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、脑神经系统癌症。结论 肺癌、乳腺癌是唐县常见恶性肿瘤,应有针对性地开展防治工作。     

成都市温江地区恶性肿瘤发病分析

目的 了解温江地区恶性肿瘤发病情况,为恶性肿瘤防治提供科学依据.方法 对2007年温江地区恶性肿瘤登记处收集的恶性肿瘤发病数据进行整理分析,统计主要恶性肿瘤的发病数、发病率、顺位等指标.结果 2007年温江地区恶性肿瘤粗发病率为104.9/10万,35岁后恶性肿瘤发病率呈明显上升趋势.男性发病率居前5位的依次为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、结直肠和肛门恶性肿瘤,女性发病率居前5位的依次为肺癌、食管癌、结直肠和肛门恶性肿瘤、乳腺癌、肝癌.结论 温江地区恶性肿瘤发病率低于全国水平,男性、中老年人是发病高危人群.肺癌和食管癌、肝癌、胃癌为主的消化道肿瘤是最主要的恶性肿瘤,应进行重点防治.     

上海市彭浦社区1974～2002年恶性肿瘤统计与分析

目的 了解彭浦社区居民恶性肿瘤的发病情况．方法 对1974～2002年彭浦社区恶性肿瘤患者进行登记。结果 4177例恶性肿瘤中男2361例，女1816例，61～80岁者占56．62％，恶性肿瘤患者的构成比前7位为肺癌(18．72％)、胃癌(15．61％)、肝癌(9．82％)、乳腺癌(7．35％，)、结肠癌(6．51％)、直肠癌(5．72％)、食管癌(4．36％)。社区居民肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结肠癌、直肠癌的发病率呈现不同的上升趋势，乳腺癌发病趋势较平稳。结论 肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌等仍是危害彭浦社区居民生命健康的主要卫生问题。做好肿瘤的防治工作将是彭浦社区卫生服务中心的首要任务。     

2008年成都市温江区恶性肿瘤发病分析

目的 回顾分析2008年成都市温江区恶性肿瘤发病情况,为恶性肿瘤防治提供科学依据.方法 对2008年温江区恶性肿瘤登记处收集的恶性肿瘤发病数据进行整理分析,计算主要恶性肿瘤的发病数、发病率、顺位等指标.结果 2008年温江区恶性肿瘤粗发病率为132.87/10 万,其中男性为169.28/10 万,女性为95.85/10 万.40岁后恶性肿瘤发病率呈明显上升趋势.男性发病率居前5 位的依次为肺癌、食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、结肠直肠和肛门恶性肿瘤.女性发病率居前5 位的依次为肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠和肛门恶性肿瘤、肝癌、胃癌.结论 温江区恶性肿瘤发病率低于全国水平,其中男性和老年人是发病高危人群.肺癌和食管癌、肝癌、胃癌为主的消化道肿瘤发病率较高,应重点防治.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.