Morphofunctional changes in hepatopancreatobiliary organs in experimental dyslipoproteinemia

Dyslipoproteinemia was induced and corrected in 40 Chinchilla rabbits. Lipid metabolism disorders were corrected by Fishant vaseline-pectin emulsion and partial ileoshunting. Experimental dyslipoproteinemia initiated destructive dystrophic processes in the hepatopancreatobiliary organs manifesting by liver stenosis, gallbladder cholesterosis, and focal structural and functional disorders in pancreatic parenchyma. Correction of dyslipoproteinemia normalized the status of hepatopancreatobiliary organs, decreased the severity of destructive processes, and prevented their further development. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 45–51, July, 2000     

Role of ultrastructural changes in the lungs of suckling rabbits in the pathogenesis of experimental cholera

Type II alveolocytes are destroyed in suckling rabbits during adhesion ofVibrio cholerae, whereas in type I alveolocytes no ultrastructural disorders are detected. The number of lipid granules is increased in the lipofibroblast cytoplasm. Transendothelial micropinocytosis and endothelial edema and destruction are increased in pulmonary capillaries, and plasmatic impregnation of the stroma is observed. The development of experimental cholera is associated with progressive disorders of the regional circulation, degranulation of platelets and basophils, destruction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and endotheliocytes, and a marked increase of vascular permeability. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, No. 8, pp. 173–177, August, 1995 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Morphofunctional changes in hepatopancreatobiliary organs in experimental dyslipoproteinemia

Dyslipoproteinemia was induced and corrected in 40 Chinchilla rabbits. Lipid metabolism disorders were corrected by Fishant vaseline-pectin emulsion and partial ileoshunting. Experimental dyslipoproteinemia initiated destructive dystrophic processes in the hepatopancreatobiliary organs manifesting by liver stenosis, gallbladder cholesterosis, and focal structural and functional disorders in pancreatic parenchyma. Correction of dyslipoproteinemia normalized the status of hepatopancreatobiliary organs, decreased the severity of destructive processes, and prevented their further development. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 45–51, July, 2000     

Expression of CD95 on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with autoimmune diseases and neoplasms

CD95 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with neoplasms was higher than in patients with autoimmune disorders. Apoptosis of T cells increased during tumor growth. The data suggest that neoplasms are accompanied by more severe immune dysfunction than autoimmune disorders. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 9, pp. 324–326, September, 2000     

Prevention of pancreatogenic disorders by infusion of Monomer-electrolyte solutions in combination with dalargin

Chronic experiments on dogs have shown that in acute pancreatitis cardiac and liver disorders arise before pronounced changes in blood amylase level. Liver and hemodynamics disorders develop earlier than profound functional changes in the pancreas. Dalargin (50 μg/ml), a synthetic enkephalin analogue, stimulated the absorbing function of the small intestine. Intravenous administration of dalargin together with intraintestinal infusion of a monomer-electrolyte solution effectively prevented the development of profound functional disorders of the pancreas as well as hemodynamic and volemic disturbances. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 10, pp. 401–404, October, 1998     

Expression of CD95 on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with autoimmune diseases and neoplasms

CD95 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with neoplasms was higher than in patients with autoimmune disorders. Apoptosis of T cells increased during tumor growth. The data suggest that neoplasms are accompanied by more severe immune dysfunction than autoimmune disorders. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 9, pp. 324–326, September, 2000     

Spermatogenesis in rats after injection of the antitumor drug vepeside

Stable morphological changes and disorders of spermatogenesis develop in the testicles of Wistar rats during 30 days after a single injection of vepeside in the maximum tolerance dose. By the end of experiment the morphology of the testicles gradually normalizes, but some quantitative parameters characterizing spermatogenesis remain shifted. The detected disorders are caused by the damaging effect of the drug on the cells of all layers of spermatogenic epithelium. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 12, pp. 645–648, December, 1997     

Changes in the ultrastructure of axospike contacts in human brain during normal aging and in vascular disorders

Light spikes, the majority of which are electron-transparent, are the main structural unit of the axospike contacts in normal brain of aged people (73 and 83 years). Dark spikes and spikes with moderate osmiophilia predominate in the brain of people with vascular disorders at the age of 70–73 years. A “synaptic block”, which was morphologically represented by presynaptic terminals with densely packed synaptic vesicles, is revealed in the brain of aged people with vascular disorders. The role of hypoxia in the reorganization of axospike synapes is discussed. It is hypothesized that changes in the structure of axospike contacts in normal aging and vascular disorders are associated with modifications in the ultrastructure of spikes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 7, pp. 15–19, July, 1998     

Disorders in early embryonal cellular proliferative properties distort the postnatal formation of nervous, immune, and endocrine regulation systems in a newborn

Disorders in the postnatal nervous, immune, and endocrine regulation systems were revealed in the progeny of rats irradiated during the preimplantation period of embryogenesis. These disorders persist till adult age. The direction of disorders confirms the hypothesis about memorization of changed proliferative properties of embryonal cells during the development of the (pro)endocrine system of a new organism. Memorization results in distortion of postnatal nervous immunoendocrine regulation: hypertrophy of the endocrine component and coadaptive underdevelopment of the nervous and immune components. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 8, pp. 164–166, August, 1998     

Erythropoiesis in bacterial infection

The reaction of erythroid hemopoietic stem to bacterial agents (E. coli andSt. aureus) is studied. Suppression of bone marrow erythropoiesis in infected mice is caused by disorders in mitotic activity of erythroid elements. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 7, pp. 72–75, July, 1998     

Abnormal sleep pattern and impaired learning capacity in rats with MPTP-induced Parkinsonian syndrome

Rats with the Parkinsonian syndrome induced by systemic injection of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) develop extrapyramidal disorders (oligokinesia, tremor, and rigidity) which depend on the dose and duration of action of MPTP. At 15 and 30 mg/kg MPTP impairs the learning of the conditioned passive avoidance response, shortens both stages of sleep, particularly the paradoxical (REM) stage, and prolongs the period of wakefulness. The mnestic function disturbance is not associated with extrapyramidal disorders, since it develops in their absence. In MPTP-treated rats memory and sleep disorders are interrelated. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 9, pp. 288–291, September, 1996     

Potassium and sodium ions in the nerve tissue of emotionally overstrained rabbits

Measurement of K⁺ and Na⁺ concentrations in samples of individual brain nuclei and in ganglia of the autonomic nervous system from rabbits subjected to severe emotional stress (ES) through aperiodic stimulation of ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei and electrocutaneous stimulation revealed significantly altered levels of these ions in locus ceruleus samples from animals predisposed to ES-induced cardiovascular disorders and in samples of neurons of the caudal part of the brainstem from those resistant to such disorders. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, No 8, pp. 129–131, August, 1994 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of lead administerd to pregnant rats on the brain of their offspring (Delayed consequences)

Low neuronal density in the neocortex, low serotonin concentration in the brain stem and hemisphere, 2-fold reduced norepinephrine content in the brain stem, and behavioral disorders were found in 40-day-old offspring of female rats treated with lead on day 18 of pregnancy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 28–30, January, 2000     

Correction of hyperlipoproteinogenic microangiopathy and organ pathology with thymalin and leu-enkephalin in the early stages of atherogenesis

The effects of thymalin and leu-enkephalin on lipid peroxidation and microcirculatory disorders in the early stages of atherogenesis are compared. Correction of the generalized microcirculatory response to hyperlipoproteinemia with the peptides manifested itself in the regression of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and restoration of the morphofunctional state of the myocardium and liver. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 108–111, January, 1996     

Effect of MgSO4, L-DOPA, and haloperidol on delayed stereotyped behavior caused by hyperactivation of the sensorimotor cortex in rats

Repeated rhythmical electrostimulation of the right sensorimotor cortex resulted in persistent psychoaffective disorders and locomotor stereotypy in rats. Intraperitoneal or intrastriatal administration of MgSO₄ did not prevent stereotyped behavior. The animals with developed syndrome exhibited sharply enhanced behavioral responses to L-DOPA and weakened cataleptic reactions to haloperidol and showed psychoaffective disorders in response to MgSO₄ administration. It is suggested that dopaminergic hyperactivity and NMDA glutamate receptors are involved in the realization of delayed stereotyped behavior. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 9, pp. 294–298, September, 1999     

Effects of actovegin on the central nervous system during postischemic period

In a rat model of 5-min clinical death caused by massive blood loss actovegin prevented the development of metabolic disorders induced by hypoxia and reoxygenation as well as the damage to the central nervous system in the early postresuscitation period. Intracarotid administration of actovegin increased the activity of reduction-oxidation enzymes, intensified aerobic metabolism of glucose, prevented lactate accumulation in the brain, reduced structural disorders in the central nervous system, and provided faster restoration of the major reflexes after a 5-min total ischemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 10, pp. 395–398, October, 1998     

Ultrastructural changes in albino mouse liver caused by isogenous F1+ and F1− strains ofYersinia pestis and their correction with ceftriaxone

Fatty dystrophy and partial cytoplasmic necrosis predominate during the preagonal period in parenchymatous organs of mice infected withYersinia pestis 231 F1⁺. Endothelial damage, fibrin precipitation, and microcirculatory disorders occur in sinusoidal capillaries. More pronounced changes in the liver develop during the preagonal period in mice infected withY. pestis 231 F1⁻. Treatment with ceftriaxone leads to 100% survival in both groups and substantial restoration of liver structure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 589–593, May, 1996     

Effect of photohemotherapy with a low-energy helium-neon laser on blood fluidity in patients with bronchial asthma of infectious-allergic origin

It is shown that hemorheological disorders contribute to the pathogenesis of infectious-allergic asthma. Positive effects of laser therapy are associated with improved blood fluidity. Translated fromByulleten', Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 11, pp. 564–567, November, 1996     

Morphological characteristics of histions of developing and atresic human ovarian follicles

The morphology of tissue elements of human ovarian follicles was studied in the course of normal folliculogenesis and in some forms of its disorders. Signs of abnormal development of follicles were detected that are typical of different stages of their development under the conditions studied. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 188–191, August, 1995     

Proliferative response of cultured Nb2 rat lymphoma cells to human serum prolactin and growth hormone

Human prolactin and growth hormone induce specific proliferative responses in a culture of Nb2 rat lymphoma cells. These responses can be employed for characterization of the activity of serum immunoreactive prolactin and growth hormone in patients with endocrine disorders. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 11, pp. 559–563, November, 1996