支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血26例分析

目的：评价支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床疗效。方法：26例大咯血患者，咯血量300～1200ml／24h，平均420ml／24h，其中肺癌12例，支气管扩张6例，肺结核2例，肺棘球蚴病1例，肺血管畸形5例。采用改良Seldinger方法行选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗。栓塞材料使用明胶海绵颗粒或PVA，血管粗大者加用明胶海绵条。常规行患侧锁骨下动脉、肋间动脉及对侧支气管动脉造影。以了解有无多支供血，发现供血血管则尽量行超选择插管栓塞治疗。肺癌患者根据不同病理类型行常规化疗灌注。结果：18例一次栓塞成功，3例两次栓塞成功，5例肺癌咯血栓塞后出血量明显减少。栓塞术后即时止血率80．77％，近期复发率7．69％，中远期复发率23．08％。结论：支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血即时止血和近期疗效满意，中远期复发与栓塞材料吸收和原发病有关。     

2种材料支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的临床分析

目的　探讨 2种栓塞材料聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒和明胶海绵颗粒支气管动脉内栓塞治疗急性大咯血的临床疗效。方法　62例(男 40例,女 22例)临床表现为急性大咯血患者,先行选择性支气管动脉插管造影,再做超选择支气管动脉插管,A组 (32例 )注入PVA颗粒栓塞末梢支气管动脉,再用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞近端支气管动脉。B组 (30例 )单纯用明胶海绵栓塞。结果　A组即刻止血 28例(87. 5% ), 72h内咯血停止 4例 (12. 5% ),有效率 100%;B组即刻止血 25例 ( 83. 3% ), 72h内咯血停止 5例(16. 7% )。2组近期疗效无差别(P>0. 05)。随访 1年,A组复发 2例(6% ),B组复发 9例(30% ),复发率差异显著(P<0. 01)。2组均未见严重不良反应。结论　PVA及明胶颗粒支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血安全、有效,前者不易复发,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮穿刺动脉栓塞术治疗支气管扩张合并急性大咯血(附4例报告)

目的探讨支气管动脉栓塞(BAE)治疗支气管扩张合并急性大咯血的疗效.方法4例支气管扩张合并急性大咯血的患者均急诊行BAE,栓塞剂采用明胶海绵颗粒(1.0mm×1.0mm×1.0mm)及2mm长真丝微粒,其中2例行2次BAE治疗;所有患者随访8～21月.结果所有患者支气管动脉栓塞后即刻止血,近期疗效显著,单纯采用明胶海绵栓塞的1例患者在2月后咯血复发.结论支气管动脉栓塞术是目前治疗支气管扩张合并急性大咯血的首选治疗方法,尤以真丝微粒作为栓塞材料为佳.     

医用明胶海绵栓塞支气管动脉治疗大咯血 （52例病人长期随访观察）

目的评价明胶海绵栓塞支气管动脉对大咯血病人的疗效。方法利用明胶海绵栓塞52例大咯血或顽固性咯血病人的支气管动脉,其中45例栓塞单支支气管动脉,3例栓塞同侧两支支气管动脉,4例行双侧支气管动脉栓塞。52例病人,其中肺结核38例,支气管扩张9例,肺癌4例。支气管动静脉畸形出血1例。结果经3个月～9年的随访,47例栓塞后咯血完全控制,4例仍有间断性痰中带血,但出血量明显减少,出血间隔时间延长。1例支气管动静脉畸形栓塞后出血停止,但48h后发生急性大咯血窒息死亡。结论明胶海绵栓塞支气管动脉是治疗大咯血和顽固性咯血的有效手段。     

支气管动脉永久栓塞治疗咯血的临床评价

目的：评价不同的栓塞材料和操作程序对支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺部疾病所致咯血的疗效。方法：89例咯血患者，分组接受选择性支气管动脉永久栓塞和单纯明胶海绵栓塞治疗。49例患者采用选择性支气管动脉永久栓塞，栓塞材料为钢圈或铜圈(coil)和磁性微球(Fe3O4)，40例患者采用选择性单纯明胶海绵栓塞治疗。结果：两组病例止血效果比较，经统计学分析差异有显著性意义(P＜0．05)。选择性永久栓塞组治疗咯血优于单纯明胶海绵组。结论：永久栓塞支气管动脉是治疗咯血和顽固性咯血的有效方法，义复发率低。     

3种不同支气管动脉栓塞方法治疗大咯血的疗效比较

目的 探讨3种不同支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床价值,观察不同的栓塞物质和栓塞方式对大咯血治疗的临床效果及与并发症的关系。方法 93例大咯血病例,26例行单纯明胶海绵栓塞,30例行夹心面包法栓塞,37例行四重夹心面包法栓塞。所有病例随访6～24个月。结果 3组病例近期（6个月内）有效率：单纯明胶海绵栓塞92％（24／26）,夹心面包法栓塞100％（30／30）,四重夹心面包法栓塞100％（37／37）;远期疗效（6-24个月）单纯明胶海绵栓塞和夹心面包法栓塞均有复发病例,四重夹心面包法栓塞无复发病例。结论 四重夹心面包法支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗大咯血的一种简便、创伤小,且高效的治疗手段。     

明胶海绵加丝线微粒栓塞支气管动脉治疗大咯血

目的：观察明胶海绵加丝线微粒栓塞支气管动脉治疗大咯血中的疗效。方法：22例急性大咯血患者，男14例，女8例，支气管扩张症12例，肺结核6例，肺癌并出血4例，均用海绵加丝线粒栓塞。结果：22例患者术后咯血量明显减少，3天后咯血完全停止，1例1周后复发经第二次栓塞止血。所有病例组随访四个月以上均无复发。结论：支气管动脉栓塞控制急性大咯血为有效、安全的微创手术。     

大咯血的介入治疗及复发的影响因素分析

目的评价大咯血不同血供方式、栓塞方法的疗效及复发因素分析。方法120例大咯血患者行支气管动脉及临近体循环动脉造影,超选择性插管栓塞出血动脉。按供血方式分为单支动脉供血(35例)和多支动脉供血(85例)2组;按栓塞方法分为单纯明胶海绵栓塞(59例)、单纯PVA颗粒栓塞(20例)、PVA颗粒加明胶海绵栓塞(41例)3组,分别行χ2检验,评价各组的疗效。根据治疗效果分为复发(35例)与未复发(85例)为2组,对供血方式和不同栓塞方法进行分析,建立Logistic和Cox回归模型,评价各因素对复发的影响程度。结果120例患者行介入栓塞治疗后咯血均完全停止,技术成功率为100%。随访1～7年,35例复发,总有效率为70.8%。其中单支动脉供血4例复发,复发率11.4%;多支动脉供血31例复发,复发率36.5%。单纯明胶海绵组26例复发,复发率为44.1%;单纯PVA颗粒组3例复发,复发率为15.0%;PVA颗粒加明胶海绵组6例复发,复发率为14.6%。复发率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单纯明胶海绵栓塞后复发时间最短(P<0.05);单纯PVA颗粒栓塞及PVA颗粒加明胶海绵栓塞复发时间较长,但两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论单纯明胶海绵栓塞和多支动脉供血更容易导致介入栓塞治疗后复发且时间较短;单纯PVA、PVA加明胶海绵栓塞后疗效较好且复发间隔时间较长。     

不同栓塞剂治疗大咯血的对比研究

目的:观察不同栓塞剂对复发率的影响,探讨并比较不同栓塞剂在支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血中的疗效.方法:129例经选择性或超选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗的大咯血患者,单纯明胶海绵栓塞63例,PVA颗粒联合明胶海绵栓塞组37例,KMG微球联合明胶海绵栓塞组38例.随访16个月,复发病例经再次栓塞.结果:即刻止血率99.2%,复发31例.GS组复发21例,含PvA组复发3例,含KMG组复发5例;1年中总复发率为24.0%;3组复发率差异有显著性意义.结论:合理的选用栓塞物质可有效的降低咯血患者的复发率,PVA颗粒及KMG微球在支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血中安全、高效,能有效的减免复发率,值得临床推荐.     

支气管动脉畸形致大咯血的血管造影检查和栓塞治疗

目的：探讨支气管动脉造影及栓塞术对支气管动脉畸形致大咯血的诊治价值。材料和方法：对7例不明原因的大咯血患者急诊或择期支气管动脉数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查，对异常血管用聚乙烯泡沫醇（PVA）颗粒或明胶海绵颗粒加钢圈栓塞。结果：共发现9支畸形支气管动脉，表现为一侧或双侧支气管动脉扭曲、分支增多，粗细不均，远端有弥漫造影剂浓染者3例，伴有一处或多处支气管动脉－肺动脉瘘者4例。除1例明胶海绵及钢圈栓塞患者1周内复发外，PVA栓塞者平均随访27．5月未见复发。结论：支气管动脉造影可明确致大咯血的支气管动脉畸形，栓塞治疗可望获得良好的远期疗效。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.