老年冠心病患者围术期心肌缺血及心律失常的特点

目的研究老年冠心病患者围术期心肌缺血及心律失常的特点。方法选择择期手术的60~80岁老年冠心病患者42例,另选取同年龄段非冠心病手术患者30例设为对照组。连续记录患者术前24 h及术后48 h心电信息,统计ST段位移幅度及时间,各型心律失常、各时间段心律失常发生率及持续时间等。结果冠心病组ST段下移和ST段抬高发生率、平均幅度和持续时间均大于对照组(P0.05);冠心病组心动过缓(SB)、高度房室传导阻滞(AVB)、房性早搏(AP)、阵发性室性心动过速(PVT)发生率大于对照组(P0.05);冠心病组术前24 h、术后24 h、术后24~48 h ST-T改变及心律失常发生率均显著大于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。对照组术后24 h ST-T改变和心律失常发生率均明显高于术前24 h(P0.05);冠心病组术后24 h和术后24~48 h心律失常发生率均明显高于术前24 h(P0.05)。结论老年冠心病非心脏手术患者是围术期心肌缺血和心律失常的高发人群,术后24 h发生率最高。     

80岁以上高龄住院者心律失常状况评价

目的了解80岁以上高龄住院患者心律失常的特点。方法分析568例住院的80岁以上高龄患者的动态心电图(DCG)。结果患者24 h心律失常的发生率较高,尤其是室性心律失常为370例(65.14%);复杂性室性心律失常272例(47.89%);房性心律失常289例(50.88%);复杂性房性心律失常233例(41.02%);窦性心律失常98例(17.25%);房室及束支阻滞235例(41.37%),心律失常的种类与所患疾病有显著关系。结论 80岁以上高龄住院患者应常规行DCG检查,可及早发现各种恶性心律失常,预防猝死及手术意外。     

食管癌和贲门癌术后并发心律失常276例分析

目的 探讨食管癌和贲门癌术后并发心律失常的危险因素和治疗经验以及预防措施.方法 回顾性分析符合纳入标准的276例食管癌和贲门癌患者的临床资料,对术后发生心律失常的影响因素进行分析.结果 本组276例患者,83例发生心律失常,发生率30.1%.其中窦性心动过速59例,窦性心律不齐6例,窦性心动过缓2例,房性早搏4例,交界性早搏1例,室性早搏7例,心房纤颤2例,阵发性室上速2例.68例(81.9%)心律失常发生在术后24 h以内,15例(18.1%)发生在术后24 h～48 h以内.全组患者无死亡,均治愈出院,住院时间14 d～51 d,平均20 d.患者年龄超过60岁、术前合并肺功能减退及高血压、冠心病患者、食管胃弓上或颈部吻合者,术后发生心律失常的几率明显增加.结论 患者年龄、术前有合并症、手术方式与心律失常的发生率密切相关,加强围术期的管理,可以预防或减少心律失常的发生.     

12导联同步动态心电图1058例分析

目的研究住院患者12导联同步动态心电图（DCG）缺血性ST—T变化特点和心律失常发生率。方法回顾性分析1058例DCG资料,分析冠心病心肌缺血和心律失常的发生率。结果369例冠心病组中,41例（占11．11％）发生缺血性ST—T下降,缺血部位为：前侧壁19例、前壁13例、下壁8例、后壁1例;6例发生一过性损伤型ST段抬高．下壁4例、前壁2例;1例急性下壁心肌损伤型ST段抬高者出现短暂心室颤动,持续约2min后自行转复为窦性心律。心律失常发生率由高向低排列依次为房性期前收缩84．88％、室性期前收缩72．97％、房性心动过速25．90％、心房颤动9、64％、室性心动过速6．05％、右束支阻滞3．97％、停搏2．08％。其它少见的心律失常有窦性期前收缩、房性心律、交界性心律、室性心律、窦房阻滞、房室传导阻滞、并行心律、WPW等。结论DCG可对缺血性ST段改变进行定位诊断。     

伴心血管病的白内障患者围术期动态血压和心电图变化

目的 观察伴心血管病的白内障患者围术期动态血压和心电图变化.方法 回顾分析该院2011年9月至2012年3月收治的65例(71眼)行白内障手术治疗的心血管病患者(疾病组)的资料,分析其围术期不同时间点(术前T0、麻醉诱导T1、切口T2、超声乳化T3、人工晶体植入T4及术毕T5)的收缩压和舒张压水平,术中眼心反射、心电图异常情况及术后3个月的矫正视力;并选取同期的67例(71眼)未合并心血管疾病的白内障手术患者作对照.结果 除T0、T1、T5外,疾病组的收缩压均高于对照组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);两组以上观察点的舒张压均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).两组术中不同时间点眼心反射发生率及治疗期间的心电图异常发生率均无统计学差异(P＞0.05),但疾病组的窦性心动过速发生率高于对照组(P＜0.05);两组治疗3个月后的视力矫正情况无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 对合并心血管疾病的白内障患者,术前应仔细检查,合理用药、控制血压,术中减少眼球刺激,加强心电监护,以提高手术安全.     

不同麻醉方式对老年合并心血管疾病白内障手术患者心率变异性的影响

目的探讨不同麻醉方式对老年合并心血管疾病白内障手术患者心率变异性(HRV)的影响。方法选择老年心血管疾病白内障择期手术病例60例(60只眼);全部病例均在局麻下行白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入手术;根据手术麻醉方式不同,将60例患者分为表面麻醉组(Ⅰ组)和球周麻醉组(Ⅱ组),每组30例;以24 h动态心电图(DCG)进行HRV频域检测,分别比较Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组间以及两组手术前2 h、术中、术后2 h三个不同时段的低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)及LF/HF各项指标的变化情况。结果Ⅱ组LF、HF、LF/HF的各项指标均显著低于与Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组除LF外,HF、LF/HF在术中较术前2 h显著下降(P<0.05);Ⅱ组LF、HF、LF/HF在术中和术后2 h均较术前2 h显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 HRV能较为敏感地反映不同麻醉方式对自主神经系统(ANS)功能的影响;在表面麻醉方式下进行白内障手术,可能对心脏ANS功能损害较小,提示用表面麻醉进行白内障手术可能更具有安全性和稳定性。老年心血管病白内障手术,无论是表面麻醉还是球周麻醉,术中和术后均可能是诱发心血管事件的关键时期。     

术前持续性ST-T改变的老年患者围术期急性心肌缺血观察

目的 观察术前持续性ST-T改变的老年患者,在上腹部手术围术期发生急性心肌缺血的比率.方法 选择拟行上腹部择期手术者58例,按心电图是否存在持续性ST-T改变分为观察组30例(A组),对照组(B组)28例.于手术后给予24h或48h动态心电图(DCG)检查,分析ST-T(U)变化及继发的心律失常.同时观察胸痛、呼吸困难等表现,了解心肌酶谱、肌钙蛋白等实验室检查结果.结果 58例中,50例完成24h、8例完成48h DCG检查.A组8例(26.67%)发生19阵次缺血性ST-T(U)变化,同时有4例发生6阵次的继发于ST-T变化的心律失常,而B组共发生1例(3.57%)2阵次的缺血性ST-T改变和继发的2阵次心律失常,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 术前有ST-T持续性改变的老年患者,上腹部手术后早期发生心肌缺血及继发的严重心律失常比率较高,可能是诱发围术期心跳骤停的主要原因之一.     

先天性心脏病介入治疗术相关心律失常的分析

目的分析先天性心脏病(CHD)介入治疗相关心律失常的发生及转归情况,探讨其预防和治疗措施。方法回顾性分析2014年2月至2015年1月湖北省人民医院223例CHD介入治疗术后心律失常的发生及转归情况。结果 223例患者介入治疗术后新出现不同程度及性质的心律失常8例。其中房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术后发生心律失常3例(3.7%,3/82),包括频发房性期前收缩1例,阵发性房性心动过速1例,窦性心动过缓伴加速交界性心律1例;频发房性期前收缩和阵发性房性心动过速均为一过性心律失常,在术后2~3 h内自行缓解,窦性心动过缓伴加速交界性心律在对症治疗1周后恢复窦性。室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵术后发生心律失常4例(6.2%,4/64),包括室性心动过速1例,Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞1例,Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞1例,间歇性完全左束支传导阻滞1例;室性心动过速与Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞均在术后自行缓解,Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞及间歇性完全左束支传导阻滞均在对症治疗1周后恢复窦性心律。肺动脉瓣球囊扩张术后发生心室颤动1例(8.3%,1/12),予电除颤、临时心脏起搏等治疗后恢复窦性。结论心律失常是CHD介入治疗术后的常见并发症,多数为暂时性、一过性改变,一旦发生严重心律失常将会直接影响手术的成功率及疗效,甚至导致死亡,应予以足够重视。     

24小时动态心电图在老年心律失常诊断中的应用

目的:分析24小时动态心电图(DCG)在60岁以上老年心律失常诊断中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析我院2010年12月~2013年1月,981例老年患者的DCG与常规12导联心电图(ECG)检查结果,对二者结果进行对比分析,评估DCG在心律失常方面的诊断价值。结果:在各种心律失常的总检出率DCG明显高于ECG;在各种心律失常中,房性期前收缩最常见,发生率为90.2%,其次为室性期前收缩,占77.3%。结论:在老年患者心律失常诊断中DCG优于ECG。     

原发性高血压患者心律失常检测及心率变异性分析

目的研究原发性高血压患者的心律、心率与心率变异性。方法采用24h动态心电图（Holter）评价331例门诊高血压患者的心律失常情况;并分析202例患者心率变异性（HRV）的时域和频域指标。结果331例患者均为窦性心律,心律失常检出率达93%。房性心律失常检出率（87%）远高于室性心律失常（50%）,房性早搏≤100个/24h占全部房性早搏者的95%,室性早搏≤100个/24h者占全部室性早搏者的85%,10%的患者合并有短暂房性心动过速,室性心动过速发生率为0.9%,II度II型房室传导阻滞3%。各项时域参数值较正常参考值低,高频（HF）、低频（LF）成份亦低于正常参考值,而LF/HF则明显高于正常参考值。结论原发性高血压患者的心律失常具高发生率且广谱的特性,房性心律失常最为多见,HRV明显降低。     

恢复期亚急型和慢型克山病患者动态心电图特点及预后意义

目的 观察恢复期亚急型和慢型克山病患者动态心电图（DCG）特点，探讨其预后意义。方法 选择恢复期亚急型和慢型克山病患者88例，进行心电图（ECG）和DCG检查，并长期随访，以观察终点结果死亡或存活分组对比分析。结果 恢复期亚急型克山病患者在ECG90．3％正常情况下，84．9％的DCG出现异常。慢型ECG及DCG异常检出率都很高，分别为94．7％和100．0％。亚急型DCG异常检出率室早最高，为77．4％，其中成对室早51．6％，室速32．3％；房早次之41．9％。慢型DCG异常检出率室早最高，为96．5％，其中频发室早75．4％，成对室早51．6％，室速32．3％；房早次之82．2％。死亡组与存活组对比，死亡组ECG房早、室早、ST-T改变较存活组检出率高（P〈0．05）。死亡组与存活组DCG室早总检出率无差异（P〉0．05），但成对室早和室速检出率较存活组高（P〈0．05）。结论 房性与室性心律失常是恢复期亚急型和慢型克山病的DCG特征，亚急型ECG正常，DCG高异常检出率；慢型ECG及DCG均高异常检出率。成对室早和室速对预后有重要意义。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后动态心电图心律失常分析

目的:分析冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后,动态心电图(DCG)心律失常的改变。方法:如例冠心病患者于CABG术后1～3周内行24小时DCG监测,并对各型心律失常进行分析。结果;本组室上性心律失常发生率最高,其中室上性早搏78例(82.97％)、短阵性室上速26例(27.6％);室性心律失常其次,其中室性早搏69例(73.4％)、短阵性室速6例(6.3％);其余心律失常改变依次是房颤10例(10.6％)、房室传导阻滞8例(8.51％)。与85例对照组(未做CABG的冠心病人)比较,CABG后患者的室上早、室早、短阵室上速的检出率显著减少(P<0.05)。结论:CABG术后心肌、窦房结和房室结动脉供血改善,使心律失常发生率显著降低(P<0.05)。     

80岁以上高龄患者动态心电图特征研究

目的 了解80岁以上高龄患者动态心电图的特征及意义.方法 分析568例住院的80岁以上高龄患者的动态心电图.结果 80岁以上住院高龄患者无症状心肌缺血（SMI）及心律失常的发生率较高,在缺血性ST-T改变的3800阵次中,无症状ST-T改变2852阵次,占发作总数的75.05%.无症状心肌缺血的发作具有明显的昼夜节律,凌晨6：00～11：59发作频率最高.心律失常中,室性心律失常370例（65.14%）,复杂性室性心律失常272例（47.89%）,房性心律失常289例（50.88%）,复杂性房性心律失常233例（41.02%）,窦性心律失常98例（17.25%）,房室及束支阻滞235例（41.37%）.心律失常的种类与所患疾病有显著关系.结论 80岁以上高龄患者应常规行动态心电图检查,可及早发现各种恶性心律失常及心肌缺血,预防猝死及手术意外的发生.     

Early and late arrhythmias after the Fontan operation: predisposing factors and clinical consequences.

OBJECTIVE--To study the incidence, predisposing factors, and clinical significance of arrhythmias early and late after the Fontan operation for congenital heart disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS--All 104 consecutive patients undergoing Fontan repair from 1975 to 1988 were studied retrospectively. Hospital records were reviewed for perioperative arrhythmia. Clinical information and annual electrocardiograms were available for all 78 hospital survivors during a follow up of up to 13 years (mean 3.7 years). Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring was performed in 67 patients (81%). RESULTS--Eleven patients (10.6%) developed a perioperative tachycardia (eight, atrial flutter; three, His bundle tachycardia). Multivariate analysis showed that raised preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure and low aortic saturation were significant risk factors for the development of atrial flutter (r2 = 0.32, p = 0.0001) but not for His bundle tachycardia. Despite intensive medical treatment 10 of these 11 patients died. At the last visit 72 (92%) of the 78 patients were in sinus rhythm on their standard 12 lead electrocardiogram. Junctional rhythm was present in three patients, two patients had atrial flutter, and one had a paced rhythm. Ambulatory monitoring did not show important bradycardia or ventricular arrhythmias. Actuarial survival free of supraventricular arrhythmia was 82% at eight years after operation. Multivariate analysis identified older age, increased right atrial size, and raised mean preoperative pulmonary artery pressure as risk factors for arrhythmia during intermediate follow-up (r2 = 0.46, p less than 0.001). Late tachycardias, in contrast to those occurring in the perioperative period, were not associated with an increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS--Except for his bundle tachycardia in the perioperative period, early and late arrhythmias after a Fontan operation seem to be a consequence of adverse preoperative and postoperative haemodynamic function. The perioperative outcome is therefore poor even when the patient can be restored to sinus rhythm. Medical and surgical modifications to improve the haemodynamic disturbances associated with arrhythmias are therefore indicated.     

Early and late arrhythmias after the Fontan operation: predisposing factors and clinical consequences.

OBJECTIVE--To study the incidence, predisposing factors, and clinical significance of arrhythmias early and late after the Fontan operation for congenital heart disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS--All 104 consecutive patients undergoing Fontan repair from 1975 to 1988 were studied retrospectively. Hospital records were reviewed for perioperative arrhythmia. Clinical information and annual electrocardiograms were available for all 78 hospital survivors during a follow up of up to 13 years (mean 3.7 years). Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring was performed in 67 patients (81%). RESULTS--Eleven patients (10.6%) developed a perioperative tachycardia (eight, atrial flutter; three, His bundle tachycardia). Multivariate analysis showed that raised preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure and low aortic saturation were significant risk factors for the development of atrial flutter (r2 = 0.32, p = 0.0001) but not for His bundle tachycardia. Despite intensive medical treatment 10 of these 11 patients died. At the last visit 72 (92%) of the 78 patients were in sinus rhythm on their standard 12 lead electrocardiogram. Junctional rhythm was present in three patients, two patients had atrial flutter, and one had a paced rhythm. Ambulatory monitoring did not show important bradycardia or ventricular arrhythmias. Actuarial survival free of supraventricular arrhythmia was 82% at eight years after operation. Multivariate analysis identified older age, increased right atrial size, and raised mean preoperative pulmonary artery pressure as risk factors for arrhythmia during intermediate follow-up (r2 = 0.46, p less than 0.001). Late tachycardias, in contrast to those occurring in the perioperative period, were not associated with an increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS--Except for his bundle tachycardia in the perioperative period, early and late arrhythmias after a Fontan operation seem to be a consequence of adverse preoperative and postoperative haemodynamic function. The perioperative outcome is therefore poor even when the patient can be restored to sinus rhythm. Medical and surgical modifications to improve the haemodynamic disturbances associated with arrhythmias are therefore indicated.     

围术期临床心脏疾病中危因素患者动态心电图监测及临床意义

目的探讨围术期临床心脏疾病中危因素患者心血管事件（PCE）中心律失常和心肌缺血的发生及其与心率变异性（HRV）的关系。方法随机选择非心脏择期手术围术期临床心脏疾病中危因素患者171例,根据年龄将其分为3组：①组,〈65岁共54例;②组,65-75岁共72例;③组,〉75岁共45例。所有患者行术前与术后连续48h动态心电图（DCG）监测,对Ⅱ级以上室性期前收缩、阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）、阵发性心房颤动（PM）及传导阻滞等心律失常,阵发性sT段缺血性改变等作出分析、诊断;删除影响HRV及sT段分析的病例,选择113例患者的DCG分析研究HRV的变化及其与心律失常、心肌缺血发生的关系。结果心律失常及心肌缺血发生情况：术前各组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后①组ⅣA级室性期前收缩、PAf及心肌缺血的发生增多（P〈0．05）;②组与③组中,除③组Ⅱ级室性期前收缩无明显增加外,其余术后均明显增多,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。术后组间比较：随年龄增大,心律失常及心肌缺血发生增加且类别增多。术前发生心肌缺血15例（13．27％）,术后发生40例（35．40％）。术后发生PAf23例（13．45％）,组间比较,随年龄增大PAf的发生增加（P〈0．05）,其发生与左房增大无明显关系。HRV比较：术前组间比较,随年龄增大HRV呈下降趋势（P〈0．05）,术后HRV各参数较术前显著降低（P〈0．05）,术后第2个24h较第1个24hHRV指标进一步降低（除外②组的TI）（P〈O．05）;术后组间比较,随年龄增长HRV均有不同程度的减低,③组高龄患者降低尤为显著（P〈O．05）。结论术后随患者年龄增大,复杂性及恶性心律失常、心肌缺血等PCE的发生增加,其自主神经功能降低更明显,HRV指标尤其是SDAA、TI等指标显著降低,迷走及交感神经张力的失衡相对更为严重且持续时间长。提示心律失常及心肌缺血的发生可能与自主神经系统活性HRV降低有关。     

老年白内障手术心率变异性观察

目的观察非超声乳化老年白内障手术的心率变异性（HRV）改变,了解围手术期心脏自主神经系统（AbIS）功能的影响,为评估手术风险性研究提供理论依据。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,随机选择60例（60只眼）年龄〉／60岁无心血管病史的白内障摘除术患者,统一在局部麻醉下进行非超声乳化白内障囊外摘除＋人工晶体植入手术。在手术前1d17：00开始至次日术后17：00,进行24h动态心电图（DCG）记录测定HRV频域指标。观察老年白内障患者手术前00：00～05：00时段（术前）、手术时段（术中）及术后12：00～17：00时段（术后）频域指标（LF、HF、LF／HF）的变化;分析其改变特点和原因。结果全部患者在围手术期间,三个时点HRV频域比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;术中和术后HRV频域指标均明显低于术前（P〈0．05或〈0．01）,术中HRV频域指标又明显低于术后（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结果表明在局部麻醉下进行非超声乳化白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入,术中和术后时点的HRV频域指标比术前明显降低,以术中时点的下降更为显著。结论局部麻醉或白内障手术创伤等应激刺激,对老年白内障患者ANS功能影响较为明显,提示术中和术后均可能是发生心血管事件的易发时期,应采取相应预防措施降低手术风险。     

Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with surgical repair of Ebstein's anomaly

Preoperative, perioperative and postoperative arrhythmias in 52 consecutive patients who underwent operation for Ebstein's anomaly were reviewed. There were 25 male and 27 female patients (mean age 18 years, range 11 months to 64 years). Thirty-four patients had one or more documented arrhythmias preoperatively (18 had paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 10 had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or flutter, 13 had ventricular arrhythmia and 3 had high grade atrioventricular block). Seven patients without documented arrhythmias had a history typical of tachyarrhythmias. During the perioperative and early postoperative periods, 14 patients had atrial tachyarrhythmias and 8 had ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. There were seven deaths between day 1 and 27 months after operation. Five of these deaths were sudden (all in male patients, aged 12 to 34 years), and four of the patients had had perioperative ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. One patient was taking one antiarrhythmic agent and another patient was taking two at the time of sudden death. Of the 18 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and 9 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or flutter preoperatively who were followed up for a mean of 40 and 36 months, respectively, 22 and 33% continued to have symptomatic tachycardia. Of the 11 patients (mean age 9 years) without preoperative documentation or symptoms of arrhythmia, follow-up data were obtained (range 1 to 144 months, mean 31) in 9 patients. None died suddenly or developed symptomatic arrhythmia.