微创技术在胸腰椎结核中的应用进展

微创技术已经广泛应用于脊柱退行性疾病、肿瘤及骨折等疾病的治疗中,微创技术治疗胸腰椎结核措施包括经皮穿刺置管引流以及持续灌注冲洗、胸腔镜或腹腔镜下手术治疗以及通道辅助小切口手术治疗等。该文就近年来微创技术在胸腰椎结核中的应用进展作一综述。     

微创技术在胸腰椎结核前路手术中的应用进展

在胸腰椎结核的手术治疗中,前方入路可以完成病灶清除、植骨融合及内固定术。传统的前路手术显露充分,病灶清除彻底,手术疗效肯定,但手术切口长、创伤大。近年来,微创技术因具有创伤小、恢复快等优势,在胸腰椎结核前路手术中的应用逐渐增多。作者复习文献,通过探讨改良小切口前路手术、影像学技术实时监控引导下经皮置管引流、内镜辅助下手术、通道下侧方椎间融合术等各种手术的最佳适应证,就微创技术在胸腰椎结核前路手术中的应用特点进行综述,相信对不同患者采用不同微创手术方式具有重要临床意义。     

微创脊柱外科手术治疗成人退行性脊柱侧凸的研究进展

微创手术是治疗成人退行性脊柱侧凸的新趋势,目前常用的微创技术主要有微创经椎间孔入路腰椎融合术(MIS-TLIF)、外侧入路腰椎间融合术(OLIF)、微创腰椎前路椎体间融合术(MIS-ALIF)、微创椎弓根椎体截骨术(MIS-PSO)、微创前柱松解重建技术(MISACR)、环状微创技术(CMIS)等.MIS-TLIF通过...     

Mast Quadrant微创系统下腰椎单侧固定椎间融合术的疗效对照研究

目的探讨MastQuadrant微创系统下腰椎单侧固定椎间融合术的可行性和有效性。方法对2010-05—2012-05在该院接受MastQuadrant微创系统下腰椎单侧固定椎间融合术22例（微创单侧组）和接受开放腰椎双侧固定椎间融合术25例（开放双侧组）作疗效对比观察。结果微创单侧组的切VI长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间和术后伤口疼痛持续时间均少（短）于开放双侧组（P均〈0．01）。术后1年疗效评估,微创单侧组的13本骨科学下腰痛评分系统（JOA）评分高于开放双侧组（P〈0．01）,视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分低于开放双侧组（P〈0．01）。两组椎间隙高度、椎间融合率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论MastQuadrant微创系统下腰椎单侧固定椎间融合术与传统开放腰椎双侧固定椎间融合术相比,在恢复椎间隙高度、提高椎间融合率、重建腰椎稳定性方面具有同样的临床效果,而微创单侧固定椎间融合术更具有手术创伤小、手术时间短、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点。     

微创与开放经椎间孔椎间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床对比研究

［摘要］　目的　对比Mast Quadrant微创系统下经椎间孔椎间融合术（Mini-TLIF）与传统开放经椎间孔椎间融合术（Open-TLIF）治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效。方法　回顾分析40例单节段腰椎滑脱症患者,Quadrant后路微创撑开系统辅助下行经椎间孔椎间融合术20例为微创组,开放腰椎后路经椎间孔椎间融合术20例为开放组。收集患者围手术期的资料,包括切口长度、术中出血量、引流量、手术时间和术后下床活动时间等。对所有患者术前、术后2周、2个月、1年、2年进行VAS及ODI评分并记录。比较微创组与开放组患者之间的疗效。结果　微创组在切口长度、出血量、术后下床活动时间等方面优于开放组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;但微创组手术时间长于开放组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后VAS、ODI评分均呈下降趋势,术后各时点评分与术前比较差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。微创组术后VAS、ODI评分下降幅度较开放组下降幅度大,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。术后2周VAS、ODI评分,微创组优于开放组（P<0.01）。结论　Mast Quadrant微创系统下经椎间孔椎间融合术与开放腰椎后路经椎间孔椎间融合术比较,具有切口小、术中及术后出血量少、术后下床活动时间早、短期临床疗效显著等优点。只要严格掌握手术适应证,该项微创技术值得临床推广。     

微创血肿清除联合侧脑室引流和腰穿放液治疗小脑出血

目的观察小脑出血联合应用微创血肿清除、侧脑室引流和腰穿放液治疗的效果。方法对15例小脑出血患者常规内科治疗下,先进行侧脑室引流术,再进行小脑血肿微创清除,后行腰椎穿刺术。在病情稳定后,进行康复训练。并在3个月后进行日常生活能力(ADL)评定及观察病死率,与对照组比较。结果 15例患者出血量皆大于对照组,意识障碍程度重于对照组,经联合手术治疗后,3个月ADL评定及病死率与对照组比较无显著差异性。结论微创血肿清除、侧脑室引流和腰穿放液联合治疗小脑出血效果好,术后日常生活能力恢复较好。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗老年椎体压缩骨折23例

老年骨质疏松患者常发生胸腰椎压缩性骨折,影响生存质量.保守治疗卧床时间长,且短期内疼痛难以缓解,易导致严重并发症.经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty, PVP)及经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty, PKP)目前作为一项新的脊柱外科微创技术已被广泛应用于临床[1].其手术创伤小,安全性高,缓解疼痛效果良好,已逐渐成为治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折、椎体转移瘤和骨髓瘤等疼痛性椎体疾病的重要方法之一[2].     

经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术在老年人腰椎退行性疾病中的应用

目的探讨老年腰椎退行性疾病患者采用经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(TLIF)治疗的效果。方法采用回顾性分析法,收集2018年1月至2019年6月苏州大学附属第一医院收治的93例老年腰椎退行性疾病患者临床资料,根据手术方式将其分为对照组(n=45)及实验组(n=48)。对照组给予传统TLIF治疗,实验组给予微创TLIF治疗。随访6个月,对比两组手术及恢复相关指标、随访效果、疼痛程度、腰椎功能障碍及椎间融合情况等。结果实验组术中出血量、术后引流量、下床活动时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组(均P0.001);实验组治疗效果、腰椎融合效果均明显优于对照组(P0.05);术后6个月,实验组视觉模拟评分(VAS)、腰椎功能障碍评估量表(ODI)评分均明显低于对照组(P0.01,P0.001)。结论老年腰椎退行性疾病患者采用微创TLIF手术治疗疗效确切,可减少术中出血量,促进术后恢复,减轻患者疼痛程度,改善其腰椎功能,提高腰椎融合效果。     

椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体骨折的近期疗效观察

骨质疏松症在轻微外伤下即可导致骨折,胸腰椎椎体为其好发部位。而胸腰椎的骨折保守治疗需长期卧床,易引起各种严重并发症,危害健康。目前采用的外科手术方法包括开放手术和微创手术。开放手术适用于骨折向椎管内移位导致神经压迫并引起功能障碍患者,而微创手术则主要以止痛、适当矫形、早期下地活动为目的。     

单侧双通道内镜技术在腰椎退行性疾病治疗中的应用进展

腰椎退行性疾病包括腰椎间盘突出症、腰椎管狭窄症以及退变性腰椎滑脱症等.单侧双通道内镜技术是治疗腰椎退行性疾病的微创技术,与传统的脊柱内窥镜不同,双门内窥镜技术利用两个入口,一个是内窥镜入口,另一个是工作入口,可以独立于可视化入口移动工作仪器,从而为操作员提供更好的运动范围和便利.清晰的放大视图和自由处理的组织允许安全和...     

Robotic cardiac valve surgery: transcending the technologic crevasse!

"The man with a new idea is a crank until the idea succeeds."--Mark Twain. With the profound public stress for minimally invasive surgery that guided General Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery has progressed with warranted enthusiasm. The explosion of technological advancements in optics, instrumentation and cardiopulmonary bypass has permitted minimally invasive cardiac procedures to be performed with safety, efficiency, and efficacy.In this chapter, we review the evolution of minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery. The articles of leading minimally invasive valve surgeons, both European and American, are reviewed. The indications for minimally invasive surgery are explained. Furthermore, the present day state of "robotic" mitral valve surgery is described.     

Antigen detection in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Utility in controlled, blinded trials

Two blinded, controlled trials were done to evaluate the usefulness of fungal antigen detection for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus carbohydrate by radioimmunoassay was compared with antibody detection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and with diagnostic microbiologic and histopathologic procedures. In the first trial, antigenemia was detected in 4 of 6 leukemic patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, but not in 8 acute leukemic controls or in 24 normal controls. Fungal antigenemia persisted for 8 to 75 days in 4 patients and seroconversion occurred at the onset of pulmonary infiltrates in 3. Antibody to A. fumigatus was detected in 2 of the 6 patients with aspergillosis, but also in 2 leukemic controls and 6 normal controls. Aspergillus species were identified in four of seven bronchoscopies done in 5 patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Prospective nasal cultures grew Aspergillus species in 4 of the 6 patients with invasive aspergillosis, but in only 1 patient was this information available before a histologic diagnosis was made. In a second trial, antigenemia was detected in 2 patients with invasive aspergillosis, and in 1 with possible invasive aspergillosis, but not in 9 controls. This study indicates that the radioimmunoassay for A. fumigatus antigen is a highly specific and moderately sensitive serodiagnostic test for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Prospective nasal cultures grew Aspergillus species in 4 of the 6 patients with invasive aspergillosis, but in only 1 patient was this information available before a histologic diagnosis was made. In a second trial, antigenemia was detected in 2 patients with invasive aspergillosis, and in 1 with possible invasive aspergillosis, but not in 9 controls. This study indicates that the radioimmunoassay for A. fumigatus antigen is a highly specific and moderately sensitive serodiagnostic test for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.     

坏死性胰腺炎的微创治疗进展

急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)是临床常见的急腹症,由各种病因导致胰酶的激活,以胰腺的局部炎症反应为特征,伴或不伴有其他器官功能改变的疾病。其中,约20%的AP可发展为坏死性胰腺炎(necrotizing pancreatitis,NP),病死率高,预后差。近年来,随着科学研究的深入,治疗NP的手术方式,也得到了快速的发展。其手术方式由传统的开腹手术,逐步发展为微创介入治疗,包括CT引导下经皮导管引流术、经胃内镜下清创引流术、微创外科清创术等,有效降低了NP患者的病死率,提高了患者的生存质量。本文就NP的最新微创治疗进展做一综述。     

脊柱结核的微创手术治疗进展

脊柱结核是最常见的肺外结核,可导致骨质破坏、脊柱后凸畸形、脊髓神经受压损伤、甚至截瘫等。目前,微创手术作为针对脊柱结核的治疗方法越来越受到重视,包括各种影像学技术实时监控引导下经皮穿刺置管引流、内镜辅助下治疗、微创切口下治疗脊柱结核等一系列微创手术。作者就脊柱结核微创手术治疗的研究进展进行综述。     

Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is associated with a low rate of complications

Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is generally performed through a right minithoracotomy, in contrast to the traditional full median sternotomy approach. Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is performed with increasing frequency, and by reducing surgical trauma, several observational studies suggest potential benefits with decreased bleeding and postoperative pain, reduced incidence of sternal wound infections, reduced length of hospital stay and shortened recovery period after surgery. In this review, we present an overview of mitral valve surgery, summarize the available evidence regarding the minimally invasive approach and report our experiences from introducing a minimally invasive mitral valve surgery programme at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden.     

经自然腔道内镜手术(NOTES):机遇和挑战并存的新技术

经自然腔道内镜手术(natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery,NOTES)作为一种新型内镜微创技术,满足了目前患者对微创治疗的需求,成为微创医学的研究热点。在前期实验研究的基础上,NOTES的临床应用亦取得一定的进展;然而,作为新生事物,这一新技术仍然面临许多挑战,如专用器械的开发、临床应用的合理开展等。尽管仍有许多难点需要突破,经自然腔道内镜手术这一无疤痕、安全的微创手术方式必将快速发展。     

Minimally invasive surgery for oesophageal cancer

Worldwide an increasing part of oncologic oesophagectomies is performed in a minimally invasive way. Over the past decades multiple reports have addressed the perioperative outcomes and oncologic safety of minimally invasive oesophageal surgery. Although many of these (retrospective) case–control studies identified minimally invasive oesophagectomy as a safe alternative to open techniques, the clear benefit remained subject to debate. Recently, this controversy has partially resolved due to the results of the first randomized controlled trial that compared both techniques. In this trial short-term benefits of minimally invasive oesophagectomy were demonstrated in terms of lower incidence of pulmonary infections, shorter hospital stay and better postoperative quality of life. However, the current lack of long-term data on recurrence rate and overall survival precludes a comprehensive comparison of minimally invasive and open oesophagectomy. Proclaiming minimally invasive oesophagectomy as the standard of care for patients with resectable oesophageal cancer would therefore be a premature decision.     

Minimally Invasive Surgery for Gastric Cancer Treatment: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Minimally invasive surgery, which has been extensively used to treat gastric adenocarcinoma, is now regarded as one of the standard treatments for early gastric cancer, and its suitability for advanced gastric cancer is being investigated. The use of cutting-edge techniques for minimally invasive surgery enables surgeons to deliver various treatment options to minimize a patient''s distress and to maintain oncologic safety. Ongoing multicenter prospective studies aim to validate the efficacy of these surgical techniques and to expand the indications of minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize the current status and issues regarding minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of gastric cancer.