中药胡芦巴的黄酮类成分研究

目的：对中药胡芦巴的黄酮类成分进行研究。方法：采用硅胶、聚酰胺和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＬＨ-２０柱进行分离，用物理、化学和光谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果：分得５个黄酮类化合物，分别为牡荆素、小麦黄素、柚皮素、槲皮素和小麦黄素-７-Ｏ-葡萄糖甙。结论：小麦黄素、柚皮素和小麦黄素-７-Ｏ-葡萄糖甙为首次从胡芦巴中分得，亦为胡芦巴属植物中首次报道。     

Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in diabetic rats

The effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in alloxan diabetic rats was studied. Increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in circulating antioxidants were observed in the diabetic state. The levels of glutathione, ascorbic acid and β‐carotene in blood were significantly lowered and α‐tocopherol content was increased. Supplementation of fenugreek seeds in the diet lowered lipid peroxidation. The contents of glutathione and β‐carotene were increased and the α‐tocopherol content was lowered. The level of ascorbic acid was unaltered. The level of antioxidants were higher in normal rats which were fed with the fenugreek supplemented diet compared with control animals which were fed commercial rat chow. The study shows that disrupted free radical metabolism in diabetic animals may be normalized by fenugreek seed supplementation in the diet.­Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A New Compound with Anti-oxidative Activity from Seeds of Jatropha curcas

The papers in the journal of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs in Vol. 40, 2009 are briefly reviewed in the categories of chemical constituents, preparations and technologies, analysis and quality control, pharmacological and clinical studies, reviews, and finally healthy principles. Some comments, especially for hot topics have been personally provided.     

Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Cold‐Pressed Seed Oil from Finola Cultivar of Cannabis sativa L.

The aim of this study was to characterize the polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of cold‐pressed seed oil from Finola cultivar of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Several methodologies have been employed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of Finola hempseed oil (FHSO) and both lipophilic (LF) and hydrophilic fractions (HF). The qualitative and quantitative composition of the phenolic fraction of FHSO was performed by HPLC analyses. From the results is evident that FHSO has high antioxidative activity, as measured by DPPH radical (146.76 mmol of TE/100 g oil), inhibited β‐carotene bleaching, quenched a chemically generated peroxyl radical in vitro and showed high ferrous ion chelating activity. Reactivity towards 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation and ferric‐reducing antioxidant power values were 695.2 µmol of TE/100g oil and 3690.6 µmol of TE/100 g oil respectively. FHSO contains a significant amount of phenolic compounds of which 2780.4 mg of quercetin equivalent/100 g of total flavonoids. The whole oil showed higher antioxidant activity compared with LF and HF. Our findings indicate that the significant antioxidant properties shown from Finola seed oil might generally depend on the phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, such as flavanones, flavonols, flavanols and isoflavones. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Gastroprotective effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on experimental gastric ulcer in rats

The effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) compared to omeprazole was studied on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. The aqueous extract and a gel fraction isolated from the seeds showed significant ulcer protective effects. The cytoprotective effect of the seeds seemed to be not only due to the anti-secretory action but also to the effects on mucosal glycoproteins. The fenugreek seeds also prevented the rise in lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol presumably by enhancing antioxidant potential of the gastric mucosa thereby lowering mucosal injury. Histological studies revealed that the soluble gel fraction derived from the seeds was more effective than omeprazole in preventing lesion formation. These observations show that fenugreek seeds possess antiulcer potential.     

赶黄草总黄酮超声提取工艺的响应面法优化及其体外抗氧化活性分析

目的:优化赶黄草总黄酮的超声提取工艺并分析其体外抗氧化活性.方法:以总黄酮得率为指标,在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面设计法对影响总黄酮得率的乙醇体积分数、超声时间及料液比进行优化,同时考察其体外抗氧化活性.结果:赶黄草总黄酮超声提取的最佳工艺条件为26倍量60％乙醇于50℃下超声提取20 min.在此条件下,总黄酮得率4.14％,试验结果与模型预测值相符.体外抗氧化活性研究表明,赶黄草总黄酮具有较强的还原力和总抗氧化能力,同时具有较强的清除羟基自由基和DPPH自由基能力.结论:该优选工艺方便、快捷、高效;赶黄草总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性,值得深入研究.     

不同产地酸藤子根总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性研究

目的:测定不同产地酸藤子根总黄酮含量及评价其体外抗氧化活性与总黄酮含量的相关性.方法:选用广西、广东11种不同产地酸藤子,采用超声提取法对酸藤子根总黄酮进行提取,选用紫外分光光度法测定其总黄酮含量;通过测定酸藤子根总黄酮的总抗氧化能力以及清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的能力来评价酸藤子根体外抗氧化...     

Protective effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds in experimental ethanol toxicity

The study investigates the effect of aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in experimental ethanol toxicity in rats. The ability of the seed extract to prevent iron-induced lipid peroxidation in vitro was also investigated. Ethanol feeding for 60 days resulted in significant increases in the activities of serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. The levels of serum lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in liver and brain were also significantly elevated. Significantly lower activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were observed in liver and brain accompanied by depletion in glutathione, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Activity of Ca(2+) ATPase in brain was significantly lowered. Simultaneous administration of aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds with ethanol prevented the enzymatic leakage and the rise in lipid peroxidation and enhanced the antioxidant potential. The seeds exhibited appreciable antioxidant property in vitro which was comparable with that of reduced glutathione and alpha-tocopherol. Further, histopathological examination of liver and brain revealed that, aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds could offer a significant protection against ethanol toxicity.     

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of Kalanchoe gracilis (L.) DC stem

Oxidative stress and inflammation are related to several chronic diseases including cancer and atherosclerosis. Kalanchoe gracilis (L.) DC is a special folk medicinal plant in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of the methanolic extract and fractions of the stem of K. gracilis. TEAC, total phenolic compound content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, inhibition of NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation were analyzed. Among all fractions, the chloroform fraction showed the highest TEAC and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The chloroform fraction also had the highest content of polyphenols and flavonoids. Chloroform fractions also decreased LPS-induced NO production and expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells. The antiproliferative activities of the methanolic extract and fractions were studied in vitro using HepG2 cells, and the results were consistent with their antioxidant capacities. Chloroform fractions had the highest antiproliferative activity with an IC(50) of 136.85 ± 2.32 μg/ml. Eupafolin also had good pharmacological activity in the antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antiproliferative. Eupafolin might be an important bioactive compound in the stem of K. gracilis. The above experimental data indicated that the stem of K. gracilis is a potent antioxidant medicinal plant, and such efficacy may be mainly attributed to its polyphenolic compounds.     

河北香菊中黄酮类成分体外抗氧化活性研究及构效关系探讨

目的:通过研究河北香菊中5种黄酮类成分木犀草素、芹菜素、金合欢素、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、金合欢素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的体外抗氧化活性,探讨河北香菊的抗氧化机制及黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性的构效关系。方法:采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定对DPPH自由基的清除作用及对H2O2诱导的大鼠红细胞溶血的抑制作用;用硫代巴比妥酸法(TBA)测定对H2O2诱导的大鼠脑匀浆脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用;用谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)试剂盒法测定对大鼠血浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的影响。结果:河北香菊中5种黄酮类成分在清除DPPH自由基、抗红细胞溶血、抑制脑匀浆脂质过氧化、提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力方面均呈现出较好的活性,活性顺序表现为木犀草素>木犀草苷>芹菜素>金合欢素>金合欢苷。结论:河北香菊所具有的抗氧化活性与其所含黄酮类成分清除自由基、抑制脂质过氧化、提高抗氧化物酶活性有关,且黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性与其结构中的羟基数目和位置以及糖苷的空间位阻有关。     

Investigation of Lepechinia graveolens for its antioxidant activity and phenolic composition

A bioguided separation of Lepechinia graveolens (Reg.) Epling. (Lamiaceae) for antioxidant activity was carried out. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from the methanolic extract was chromatographed on Sephadex LH-20 affording five active fractions. The radical scavenging activity of each fraction, as well as that of the isolated compounds, was tested using three different methods. The major isolated antioxidant compounds were identified as luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, rosmarinic acid, and rosmarinic acid methyl ester by means of 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. Twenty other minor phenolic compounds were determined by liquid chromatography-negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. They included hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and phenolic diterpenes. The major phenolic compound was found to be rosmarinic acid, which was quantitatively determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD). The content of rosmarinic acid was 2.8% (referred to dry weight), this amount being around 30% of the total phenolic content (TPH) of the crude extract. It can be concluded that the antioxidant activity of Lepechinia graveolens was mainly due to rosmarinic acid, which allows this plant species to be considered as a potential new source of this well known natural antioxidant.     

黄芩不同极性溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

目的比较黄芩不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性,并测定其黄酮含量。方法利用比色法测定黄芩不同溶剂提取物中的总黄酮含量,利用1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼(DPPH)自由基体系对黄芩不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性进行评价。结果黄芩不同溶剂提取物均具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中乙醇提取物清除DPPH自由基的能力最强,且总黄酮含量最高。结论黄芩的抗氧化活性受到不同溶剂的影响,并且与其含的黄酮含量成正相关。     

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??OBJECTIVE To determine the antioxidant activities of different extracts from Phellinus robustus (PR) and analyze the active components of the extract with the highest antioxidant activity. METHODS PR was first extracted by ethanol and then the ethanol extract was sequentially partitioned into four fractions. To determine the antioxidant abilities of different extracts, the contents of total phenols and total flavonoids, scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were measured. RESULTS The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the highest contents of total phenols and flavonoids and the largest antioxidant capacity, meanwhile, its DPPH radical scavenging activity was comparable to that of the positive control, ascorbic acid (P>0.05). TPC and TFC showed strong positive correlations with FRAP (r²=0.984, P<0.01). Three phenolic acids (protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid and caffeic acid) had been isolated and identified from EAF by HPLC-ECD, and anilic acid and caffeic acid were first isolated from PR. CONCLUSION EAF from PR has strong potential to be a source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant proprieties and a promising source of food and drugs.     

Antioxidant activity of prenylated flavonoids from the West African medicinal plant Dorstenia mannii

The antioxidant activities of three prenylated flavonoids from Dorstenia mannii (6,8-diprenyleriodictyol, dorsmanin C and dorsmanin F) were compared to the common, non-prenylated flavonoid, quercetin. The prenylated flavonoids were found to be potent scavengers of the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and are more potent than butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), a common antioxidant used as a food additive. The prenylated flavonoids also inhibited Cu(2+)-mediated oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL). Dose-response studies indicated that the prenylated flavonoids were effective inhibitors of lipoprotein oxidation with IC50 values <1 microM and had similar inhibitory potency compared to quercetin, but was not directly related to Cu binding. Unlike quercetin, they did not show any pro-oxidant activity at high doses in the Cu(2+)-mediated lipoprotein oxidation system. The medicinal action of Dorstenia mannii may be related to the high concentration of potent antioxidant prenylated flavonoids in this species.     

Antioxidant and anticancer activities of organic extracts from Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle roots

This study examined the antioxidant and anticancer activities of the petroleum ether extracts from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC, which is a plant used as both a herbal medicine and food in Asia. Extracts from Platycodon grandiflorum in petroleum ether were fractionated (fractions I-V) by silica gel column chromatography using gradient solvents (petroleum ether: ethyl ether, 9:1-5:5, v/v). The antioxidant activities of the fractions were evaluated in terms of their inhibition of lipid peroxidation as well as their free radical scavenging activity. Fraction II, which was extracted at an 8:2 mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl ether, exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity among the fractions. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity of each fraction, which was evaluated by the MTT assay using human cancer cell lines (HT-29, HRT-18 and HepG2), was greatest in fraction III, which was extracted with a 7:3 petroleum ether and ethyl ether mixture. Both fractions, II and III, were sub-fractionated by thin layer chromatography, and the sub-fractions each were screened for their antioxidant and anticancer activities. In addition, the antioxidant activity was closely related to the content of phenolic compounds, and the anticancer active fraction exhibited a typical UV absorbance spectrum of polyacetylene.     

胡芦巴降血糖有效部位质量标准研究*

目的：测定胡芦巴降血糖提取物中各有效部位的含量。方法：采用比色法，分别对胡芦巴中降血糖有效部位总黄酮、总皂苷、总多糖进行含量测定和方法学研究。结果：总黄酮、总皂苷、总多糖分别占提取物的3．26％，16．89％，29．9％。结论：本方法操作简便、结果准确、便于推广，为胡芦巴中降血糖有效部位的测定提供了科学依据。     

In vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activities of Mediterranean dietary plants

Five hydroalcoholic extracts of edible plants from Calabria region (Italy) used in local traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases were evaluated for their in vivo topical anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice) and in vitro antioxidant and antiradical properties (inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation and bovine brain liposomes peroxidation, DPPH radical scavenging). All the extracts showed an anti-inflammatory effect: 300 microg/cm(2) provoked oedema reductions ranging from 21 to 27%. All the extracts exerted also radical scavenging and/or antioxidant properties, the most active plant being Mentha aquatica L. (Lamiaceae) which contained the highest amount of phenolics (337 mg/g) and of flavonoids (15.75 mg/g). Moreover, the content and the composition of sterols were assessed by GC-MS in the examined plants Borago officinalis L. (Boraginaceae) contained the highest number of sterols.     

Antioxidant properties and TLC characterization of four Chilean Haplopappus-species known as bailahuén

"Bailahuén" is the common name of a medicinal shrub native to Chile where this resinous herb is widely used for its liver stimulating properties. Although the official species is Haplopappus baylahuen Remy (Asteraceae), other species of the same genus are also used in different regions as "bailahuén". A thin layer chromatography (TLC) method for rapid identification of different species and detection of adulterations is described for four of the species: Haplopappus baylahuen, Haplopappus taeda Reiche, Haplopappus multifolius Phil., and Haplopappus remyanus Wedd. To confirm efficiency in all species antioxidant properties were screened in resins, infusions, and methanolic extracts by tests of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and free radical scavenging activity by DPPH. In both studies Haplopappus baylahuen showed the lowest antioxidant capacity. In DPPH analyses, infusion and resins of Haplopappus baylahuen also showed the lowest and Haplopappus remyanus the major inhibiting activity of free radicals, while Haplopappus multifolius proved to have the highest result when the methanolic extracts were used. The chemical characterization of the studied species showed important levels of flavonoids and coumarins, with flavonoids predominating in Haplopappus taeda, coumarins in Haplopappus multifolius and both of them in Haplopappus baylahuen and Haplopappus remyanus.     

新疆3种植物不同提取部位的抗氧化活性及其对PTP1B的抑制作用

目的:考察新疆树莓、黑果悬钩子和天山茶藨不同萃取部位的抗氧化活性及其对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B(PTP1B)的抑制作用,筛选具有抗氧化及降血糖活性的有效部位。方法:采用甲醇提取、分步萃取的方法分别制备了不同的极性部位。测定了3种植物不同部位的总黄酮含量,果实提取物经AB-8型大孔树脂纯化后制备了果实花青素部位;利用2,2'-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐法,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼法及PTP1B抑制活性实验比较了不同部位的相关活性,并分析了黄酮含量和活性的相关性。结果:经AB-8型大孔树脂纯化后,树莓果实花青素含量由(12.72±0.14) mg·g^-1提高到(238.13±1.18) mg·g^-1,天山茶藨果实的花青素含量由(35.36±0.45) mg·g^-1提高到(548.05±1.11) mg·g^-1,随着花青素含量的升高,其抗氧化活性和PTP1B抑制活性也显著升高。黑果悬钩子茎乙酸乙酯部位总黄酮含量最高,为(658.65±11.43) mg·g^-1;黑果悬钩子茎水部位抗氧化活性最高,ABTS和DPPH自由基清除能力分别为(4.53±0.07),(2.82±0.09) mmol Trolox·g^-1当量;黑果悬钩子茎水部位对PTP1B的抑制率最高,半数抑制浓度为(0.08±0.01) mg·L^-1。结论:这3种植物不同萃取部位均具有良好的抗氧化活性和PTP1B抑制作用,黑果悬钩子茎水部位为主要的抗氧化活性和PTP1B抑制活性的有效部位,树莓和天山茶藨果实中花青素是主要的活性成分,天山茶藨茎叶中黄酮是主要的抗氧化活性成分。     

千斤拔总黄酮提取工艺的优化及其萃取相体外抗氧化活性研究

目的 优化千斤拔中总黄酮乙醇回流提取工艺条件,并探讨其体外抗氧化活性。方法 通过单因素实验、响应面法优化千斤拔中总黄酮的提取工艺;采用优化后的提取条件对千斤拔进行乙醇回流提取,提取液减压浓缩以水分散,依次用等量的石油醚、环己烷、乙酸乙酯,以及正丁醇萃取,通过冷冻干燥得到各萃取物。采用紫外可见分光光度法测定各萃取物的总黄酮含量,采用1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)清除实验、羟基自由基清除实验和铁离子还原能力实验(FRAP法),对千斤拔总黄酮粗提物中不同极性组分的抗氧化活性进行测定。结果 提取温度91.75 ℃、提取时间127.79 min,料液比1∶19.6 g·mL^-1,体积分数80%乙醇,为千斤拔中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺,在此条件下总黄酮的得率为0.366 08%,与预测值0.366 138%相接近;千斤拔总黄酮提取物的不同极性组分均含有黄酮类化合物,并具有一定的抗氧化活性,各组分抗氧化活性的顺序为:正丁醇>水相>乙酸乙酯>石油醚>环己烷。结论 本实验所建立的千斤拔总黄酮乙醇提取工艺,方法稳定、高效;极性萃取物抗氧化活性的高低与其黄酮含量相关,正丁醇萃取物的抗氧化活性最强,该研究可为千斤拔开发利用提供实验依据。