Intracameral triamcinolone acetonide to control postoperative inflammation following cataract surgery with phacoemulsification

Purpose: To explore the efficacy, safety and tolerability of 1 mg intracameral triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in controlling ocular inflammation in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 patients undergoing cataract extraction with phacoemulsification at the Department of Ophthalmology, Baskent University School of Medicine were randomized into two groups. After surgery, eyes in group A were injected with 1 mg/0.1 ml TA into the anterior chamber, but eyes in group B were not. Postoperatively; in group B, topical prednisolone acetate 1% eyedrops were administered six times per day for 7 days, then four times per day for 15 days, to control postoperative inflammation. In group A, topical corticosteroids were not used. To evaluate the efficacy of intracameral TA, anterior chamber cells, anterior chamber flare and conjunctival hyperaemia were measured on postoperative days 1, 7 and 30 by slit‐lamp biomicroscopy. The safety of intracameral TA was evaluated by visual acuity measurements, intraocular pressure values and fundus examination. Tolerance variables were assessed by the degree of burning, stinging and blurred vision. Results: Both treatments were equally effective in controlling postoperative inflammation following phacoemulsification. No statistically significant differences between groups were observed for the efficacy, safety and tolerance variables, and no serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: Intracameral TA of 1 mg can effectively be used to control postoperative inflammation after uncomplicated cataract surgery with phacoemulsification. This makes it possible to decrease the dosage and duration of topical prednisolone acetate.     

Triamcinolone-induced intraocular pressure elevation: intravitreal injection for macular edema and posterior subtenon injection for uveitis

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of intravitreal and posterior subtenon injections of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: we reviewed 42 consecutive eyes after intravitreal TA injection (IVTA) and 43 eyes following posterior subtenon TA injection (PSTA). All cases had a minimum follow-up time of three months. After injection, the value and time of the maximal IOP, the amount of IOP elevation and the needs of the medication were assessed. RESULTS: The lOP increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 16.3 +/- 2.5 mmHg preoperatively to a mean maximum of 21.7 +/- 5.3 mmHg in the IVTA group, and from 15.3 +/- 4.5 mmHg to 20.6 +/- 3.0 mmHg in the PSTA group. An elevation in the IOP of more than 5 mmHg from the baseline lOP was seen in 52.4% of the IVTA group at a mean time of 3.1 weeks postoperatively, and 44.2% of the PSTA group displayed an IOP elevation at 5.9 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Both developed significant elevations of IOP, but this appeared at a later date in the PSTA group. Careful follow-up after local injection of steroids is necessary.     

TA玻璃体腔注射结合玻璃体切割术治疗PDR

目的:探讨曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)玻璃体腔注射联合玻璃体切割术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)的优点和并发症。方法:对36例48眼具有玻璃体积血的PDR眼,术前5～7d玻璃体腔内注入TA0.1mL(40g/L)后行玻璃体切割术,术中玻璃体腔内注入TA0.3～0.5mL以帮助辨认玻璃体后皮质。结果:炎症反应程度:有4眼(8%)术后瞳孔区可见少量渗出膜,术后5～7d渗出吸收;15眼(31%)房水闪辉,术后3～5d,房水闪辉消失。所有病例都没有发现手术后感染。视力改善情况:39眼(81%)视力较手术前有不同程度提高(大于2行),7眼(15%)手术后视力较术前没有改善。眼压变化:玻璃体腔注入TA前后平均眼压比较其差异没有显著性;手术后1wk内监测平均眼压比术前高,其差异有显著性。手术后第3mo和术前相比,其差异没有显著性。结论:TA玻璃体腔注射联合玻璃体切割在治疗PDR中有较好的效果,临床上没有严重的并发症。     

玻璃体切除联合曲安奈德治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的:评价玻璃体切除联合曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)球内注射治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic refinopathy,PDR)的疗效。方法:分析本院因PDR住院治疗患者90例98眼,玻璃体切除术联合TA球内注射50眼和单纯行玻璃体切除术48眼,比较两组患者治疗前后的矫正视力、眼内炎症、反应眼压和眼底等情况。结果:随访至术后6mo。TA注射组术后前房炎症反应及黄斑水肿的发生率较单纯手术组降低,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后视力改善程度及眼压升高的发生率组间差异无统计学意义。结论:玻璃体切除联合TA球内注射治疗PDR与单纯玻璃体切除术比较,可以减少术后眼内炎症反应及黄斑水肿的发生。     

Intraoperative intraocular triamcinolone injection prophylaxis for post-cataract surgery fibrin formation in uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of a single intraoperative intraocular injection of triamcinolone acetonide during cataract surgery to prevent postoperative fibrin formation in patients with iridocyclitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Germany. METHODS: The charts of 22 patients (16 girls and 6 boys) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and chronic iridocyclitis having lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy were retrospectively reviewed. In 12 patients (14 eyes), triamcinolone acetonide 4 mg was injected into the anterior chamber at the end of the surgery (triamcinolone group). Another 10 patients (13 eyes) received an intraoperative intravenous injection of methylprednisolone and postoperative oral prednisolone (systemic treatment group). No intraocular lenses were implanted. Postoperatively, prednisolone acetate 1% eyedrops were given. The main problems included intraocular inflammation, the need for additional systemic corticosteroids, and intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 10.6 years +/- 3.1 (SD) in the triamcinolone group and 7.4 +/- 2.7 years in the systemic treatment group. The mean follow-up was 9.9 +/- 3.6 months and 10.9 +/- 1.2 months, respectively. All patients were taking systemic immunosuppression before surgery, and the medication was continued postoperatively. Fibrin formation was not seen after surgery in the triamcinolone group but occurred in 5 patients in the systemic treatment group (P = .02). Additional systemic corticosteroids were not required in the triamcinolone group. All patients had visual acuity improvement. No increase in IOP was noted after the triamcinolone acetate injections. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative intraocular injection of 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide may be more effective than intraoperative intravenous methylprednisolone and additional postoperative short-term oral prednisolone in preventing postoperative fibrin formation after cataract surgery in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and iridocyclitis.     

Objective assessment of intraocular flare after cataract surgery with combined primary posterior capsulorhexis and posterior optic buttonholing in adults

AIM: Combining primary posterior capsulorhexis (PPC) and posterior optic buttonholing (POBH) in cataract surgery is an innovative approach to prevent after-cataract formation effectively and to increase postoperative stability of the intraocular lens (IOL). The present study was designed to compare the postoperative intraocular flare after cataract surgery with combined PPC and POBH to conventional in-the-bag implantation of the IOL. METHODS: Fifty consecutive age-related cataract patients with cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia in both eyes were enrolled prospectively into a prospective, randomised clinical trial. In randomised order, cataract surgery with combined PPC and POBH was performed in one eye; in the other eye cataract surgery was performed conventionally with in-the-bag IOL implantation keeping the posterior lens capsule intact. Intraocular flare was measured 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h postoperatively, as well as 1 week and 1 month postoperatively, using a KOWA FC-1000 laser flare cell meter. RESULTS: The peak of intraocular flare was observed in POBH eyes and eyes with in-the-bag IOL implantation 1 h postoperatively. In both groups, the response was steadily decreasing thereafter. During measurements at day 1, small though statistically significant higher flare measurements were observed in eyes with in-the-bag IOL implantation (p<0.05). At 1 week and 1 month postoperatively, intraocular flare measurements were comparable again (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Cataract surgery with combined PPC/POBH showed slightly lower postoperative anterior chamber reaction compared to conventional in-the-bag implantation during 4-week follow-up, indicating that POBH might trigger somewhat less inflammatory response. This could be explained by the posterior capsule sandwiching between the optic and the anterior capsule, preventing direct contact-mediated myofibroblastic trans-differentiation of anterior lens epithelial cells with consecutive cytokine depletion.     

Safety and efficacy of a dexamethasone anterior segment drug delivery system in patients after phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To compare the safety and efficacy of the Surodex dexamethasone anterior segment drug delivery system (Oculex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and dexamethasone 0.1% eyedrops (Maxidex) in patients with inflammation after cataract surgery. SETTING: Cataract Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Lothian University Hospitals, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. METHODS: This comparative single-masked parallel-group study comprised 1 eye of 19 patients having phacoemulsification cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. The Surodex group had the dexamethasone drug delivery system inserted into the anterior chamber (AC) angle during surgery and was treated with saline eyedrops (Isopto Plain) for 4 weeks. The control group had no drug delivery system or a placebo inserted at surgery and were treated with dexamethasone 0.1% eyedrops for 4 weeks. A Kowa FM-500 laser flare meter was used to objectively measure AC flare, the main outcome measure. Slitlamp biomicroscopy to grade AC flare and cells, intraocular pressure measurement, and corneal endothelial specular microscopy, performed up to 60 days after surgery, were the secondary outcome measures. The Surodex group had safety follow-ups after completion of the initial study period. RESULTS: Both groups had a steady increase in laser flare meter readings postoperatively. The readings peaked at 3 days in the control group and at 7 days in the Surodex group. This was followed by a gradual decline toward baseline values up to 28 days, after which the values remained at a similar level to 60 days in both groups. There were no significant differences in flare meter readings between the groups throughout the study. There were also no significant between-group differences in subjective assessment of intraocular inflammation and in impact on corneal endothelial cell count (P =.67). Surodex remnants persisted up to a mean of 22.0 months +/- 2.5 (SD) postoperatively in 6 eyes (54%). Neither group had a severe adverse event. CONCLUSION: Surodex appeared to be as effective as dexamethasone 0.1% eyedrops in controlling intraocular inflammation after cataract surgery by phacoemulsification, and both methods had a similar safety profile.     

Intravitreal versus posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To compare the short-term effects of intravitreal versus posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema. METHODS: This is a prospective and interventional study. Sixty eyes of 60 patients who had diffuse diabetic macular edema were assigned to receive a single intravitreal injection (4 mg) or a single posterior subtenon injection (40 mg) of triamcinolone acetonide. The central retinal thickness was measured using optical coherent tomography before injection and at 1 and 3 months after injection. Visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) were also measured. RESULTS: Both intravitreal and posterior subtenon injections of triamcinolone acetonide resulted in significant improvements in visual acuity at 1 month and 3 months after injection. Both groups resulted in a significant decrease in central macular thickness (CMT) at 1 month and 3 months post-injection. IOP in the intravitreal injection group was significantly higher than in the posterior subtenon injection group at 3 months after injection. CONCLUSIONS: The posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide had a comparable effect to the intravitreal triamcinolone injection and showed a lower risk of elevated IOP. Posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide may be a good alternative for the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema.     

Comparison of clinical outcomes between iris-fixated anterior chamber intraocular lenses and scleral-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lenses in Marfan syndrome with lens subluxation

Background: To compare the clinical outcomes in Marfan's with subluxated lens having phaco‐emulsification with simultaneous scleral‐fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens or iris‐fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Design: Randomized case series in the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China. Participants: Seventy‐one eyes of 49 patients with Marfan syndrome with subluxated lens. Methods: This is a randomized case series of patients with Marfan syndrome and subluxated lenses who underwent phaco‐emulsification combined with scleral‐fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens or iris‐fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Main Outcome Measures: The evaluation indexes included the surgery time, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, aqueous flare and cells counts, corneal endothelium counts and complications. Results: Increase in best corrected visual acuity in both groups was not significant. The aqueous flare and cells rose in both groups postoperatively. Significant difference between the two groups at 1 week postoperatively was found, whereas no statistically significant difference was found later. The loss rate of corneal endothelium cells in the scleral‐fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens group was 13.2% and 19.5% at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively, which in the iris‐fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens group was 13.3% and 19.3% (P > 0.05). Prolapse of vitreous was found in 21 cases intraoperatively. The posterior capsule opacification rate was 32% and 15%, respectively. The decentration of the intraocular lens was found in 19 eyes (48.7%) in the scleral‐fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens group 1 year postoperatively, whereas none was found in the iris‐fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens group. Conclusions: Iris‐fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens after phaco‐emulsification presented a safe, simple and efficient approach for managing subluxated lens in Marfan syndrome.     

Efficacy and Safety of Rimexolone 1% Versus Prednisolone Acetate 1% in the Control of Postoperative Inflammation Following Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rimexolone 1% ophthalmic suspension compared to that of 1% prednisolone acetate in the control of inflammation in eyes undergoing cataract extraction with phacoemulsification followed by posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: Forty-eight patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract extraction with phacoemulsification followed by posterior chamber IOL implantation constituted the study group of this prospective, randomized, double-masked investigation. Patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups; rimexolone 1% ophthalmic suspension (27 subjects) or prednisolone acetate 1% (21 subjects). Postoperatively, patients used topical rimexolone or prednisolone drops four times a day for 15 days. Patients were examined at the first postoperative day (day 1), and days 3, 7 and 15. The major efficacy parameters assessed clinically on each visit were anterior chamber cells, anterior chamber flare and conjunctival hyperemia. Safety of the rimexolone was evaluated by IOP values and the presence of adverse effects. RESULTS: Regarding all three efficacy parameters, rimexolone was found to be clinically and statistically equivalent to prednisolone acetate. Intraocular pressure values during the postoperative period were also similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Rimexolone 1% ophthalmic suspension is both an effective and safe topical steroid in controlling postoperative inflammation after cataract extraction with phacoemulsification.     

老年性白内障术中前房注射不同剂量曲安奈德预防炎症反应的研究

目的探讨老年性白内障术中前房注射不同浓度曲安奈德（TA）控制术后炎症反应的效果。方法老年性白内障手术60例（60眼）,随机分为3组,每组20眼。A组在手术结束时向前房内注射TA0．1mg／0．2mL;B组前房内注射rrA0．2mg／0．2mL。A、B组术后滴妥布霉素滴眼液,4次／d,连用1周。C组（对照组）,手术结束时前房内注射灌注液,术后滴妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液,4次／d,连用3周。术后随访1个月。术后6～8h测量眼压,术后1d、2d、7d、15d、30d观察前房细胞及房水闪光,测量眼压、检查视力及眼底。结果术后1d、2d、7d、15d、30d,3个组之间前房细胞比较（P=1）,房水闪光比较（P=1）,差异均无统计学意义,术后6～8h,1d、2d、7d、15d、30d,3个组之间眼压比较,差异无统计学意义。结论老年性白内障术中前房注射0．1mg／0．2mL或0．2mg／0．2mL的曲安奈德都能有效地控制术后的炎症反应,无明显不良影响,重要的是术后可以不用糖皮质激素,从而减少了频繁滴眼的麻烦,也避免了由其引起的并发症。     

A prospective controlled trial to evaluate the adjunctive role of posterior subtenon triamcinolone in the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema.

The aim of the present prospective controlled trial was to evaluate the adjuvant role of posterior subtenon triamcinolone in the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema (DDME). Thirty one (31) eyes with DDME were divided into an interventional group subjected to grid laser photocoagulation and 0.5 mL of 40 mg/mL posterior subtenon triamcinolone, and a noninterventional group subjected to grid laser photocoagulation only. Best-corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and intraocular pressures were assessed at presentation, and at 6, 12, and 24 weeks after intervention. The interventional group showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) change in both mean best corrected visual acuity, from 20/160 to 20/100 (two-line increase on Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS)) (p = 0.024), and mean contrast sensitivity, from 0.9 to 1.09 (p = 0.01), at the end of 24 weeks. A significant rise in intraocular pressure was not described in any of the patients in either group. Posterior subtenon triamcinolone injection is a useful and safe adjunct to the conventional management of diabetic macular edema.     

Randomized clinical trial of surodex steroid drug delivery system for cataract surgery: Anterior versus posterior placement of two surodex in the eye

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate safety and antiinflammatory efficacy of placing two Surodex (Oculex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) in the eye after cataract surgery in comparison with steroid eyedrops and to compare anterior versus posterior chamber placement. DESIGN: Randomized, masked, controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred four eyes of 104 Asian patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation were examined. Of these, 33 eyes of 33 patients served as control eyes (group A). INTERVENTION: Two Surodex pellets were inserted in the anterior chamber (AC) of 35 eyes (group B), and two Surodex pellets were inserted in the ciliary sulcus of 36 eyes (group C) at the conclusion of surgery. Control eyes received neither Surodex nor a placebo implant, but were prescribed conventional 0.1% dexamethasone eyedrops four times daily for 4 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anterior chamber flare and cells were graded clinically at the slit lamp. Anterior chamber flare was assessed objectively with the Kowa FC500 Laser Flare Meter (Kowa Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). Intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial specular microscopy with morphometric cell analysis were performed for up to 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: Lower flare meter readings occurred in both Surodex groups at all postoperative visits, as compared with the dexamethasone eyedrop group, with statistical significance at days 4 (P = 0.001), 8 (P = 0.001), and 15 (P = 0.02). No difference in flare occurred between AC and ciliary sulcus placement. Clinical slit-lamp assessment of anterior chamber flare and cells showed no difference between Surodex-treated eyes and dexamethasone-treated eyes. Nine of 33 eyes (27.3%) in group A required steroid augmentation, as opposed to 4 of 71 eyes (5.6%) in groups B and C. Inflammatory symptoms were reduced in the Surodex-treated eyes, with statistical significance for ocular discomfort (P = 0.001), photophobia (P = 0.04), and lacrimation (P = 0.01). No complications occurred with Surodex-treated eyes, and no significant difference in endothelial cell loss was noted between Surodex-treated eyes and dexamethasone-treated eyes up to 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular placement of two Surodex is a safe and effective treatment method to reduce intraocular inflammation after cataract surgery and clearly is superior to eyedrops in reducing inflammatory symptoms and aqueous flare as measured with the laser flare meter. No difference in efficacy between AC placement and ciliary sulcus placement of Surodex was detected in this study.     

Rimexolone 1% versus prednisolone acetate in preventing early postoperative inflammation after cataract surgery

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of rimexolone 1% and prednisolone acetate 1% ophthalmic suspensions in controlling intraocular inflammation in the early period after cataract surgery. Methods: Eighty patients undergoing cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation, either planned extra capsular cataract extraction (PECCE) or phacoemulsification surgery, were evaluated in a prospective, randomized, observer-masked, clinical trial in which efficacy in controlling early postoperative inflammation and safety of prednisolone acetate 1% one eye drop every 4 h (n = 36 eyes) was compared with that of rimexolone 1% one eye drop every 4 h (n = 44 eyes) in an eighteen day course. Efficacy was assessed from changes of the anterior chamber cell count, flare, conjunctival hyperemia, and ciliary congestion by means of slit lamp biomicroscopy on days 1, 3, 8, 15, and 18. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible side effects were also recorded on each visit. Results: Anterior chamber cell count and flare showed no difference in the two groups at any visits. The rimexolone group was associated with significantly higher score for conjunctival hyperemia on days one and three (P < 0.05) and the prednisolone acetate group was associated with a significantly higher score for corneal edema on day 8 (P < 0,05). However, there were no between group differences in IOP. Conclusions: Rimexolone 1% ophthalmic suspension was as effective and safe as prednisolone acetate 1% ophthalmic suspension in controlling inflammation in the early period after cataract surgery.     

Fuchs综合征并发白内障术后炎症反应的定量监测

目的 定量分析Fucha综合征患者白内障手术后炎症反应程度,为合理控制炎症提供客观依据.方法 回顾性病例对照研究.对2008年7月至2009年12月在中山眼科中心就诊的11例Fuchs 综合征并发白内障患者(11只眼)和11例(11只眼)对照组(年龄相关性白内障和先天性白内障患者)行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术,并用激光蛋白细胞检测仪观察手术前及手术后第1、7、30 d和90 d房水闪辉和房水细胞值.结果 手术后第1天两组患者房水闪辉和房水细胞值显著增高,随后缓慢下降.Fuchs综合征患者组在手术前后不同时期,其房水闪辉和房水细胞值都高于对照组.但是两组患者房水闪辉和房水细胞值均于术后90 d恢复术前水平.结论 Fuchs综合征患者白内障手术后眼内炎症反应持续时间短,激光蛋白细胞检测仪可以精确定量评估眼内炎症反应程度,正确指导临床合理控制炎症.

Abstract：

Objective To quantify the intraocular inflammation following phacoemulsification with posterior chamber lens implantation in eyes with Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis (FHU). Methods In this prospective study, 11 eyes of 11 patients with FHU (mean aged 31.6 years) and 11 eyes of 11patients with age-related cataract or congenital cataract (mean aged 42.1 years) underwent phacoemulsification with posterior chamber lens implantation. Aqueous flare and cells were quantified using the laser flare-cell meter (LFCM) following medical pupillary dilation preoperatively and 1, 7, 30 and 90days postoperatively. Results Highly statistically significant differences in flare value were demonstrated in patients with FHU vs. controls at 1, 7, and 30 days after surgery. On 1 day and 7 days post-surgery, cell counts were significantly increased in the FHU group compared to the control group,while no statistical differences were apparent 30 or 90 days after surgery. Conclusions Our data indicate that postoperative intraocular inflammation is relatively mild in eyes with FHU and measurement Of aqueous flare and cell count by laser flare-cell photometer is an objective method to determine intraocular inflammation following cataract surgery in eyes with FHU.     

Quantification of blood-aqueous barrier breakdown after phacoemulsification in Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis

PURPOSE: To quantify the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) following phacoemulsification with posterior chamber lens implantation in eyes with Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis (FHU). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 19 eyes of 19 patients with FHU (mean age 38 +/- 14 years) and 35 eyes of 35 patients with senile cataracts (mean age 63 +/- 9 years) underwent phacoemulsification with one-piece PMMA posterior chamber lens implantation. Aqueous flare was quantified using the laser flare-cell meter (LFCM, Kowa FC-1000) following medical pupillary dilation preoperatively and 1, 3, and 5 days, then 1 and 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean preoperative aqueous flare (in photon counts per millisecond) in FHU vs. controls was 11.7 +/- 3.5 vs. 5.8 +/- 1.7. Following cataract surgery, mean aqueous flare increased to 27.8 +/- 4.4 vs. 16.0 +/- 4.5 on day 1, decreased to 23.6 +/- 4.0 vs. 11.8 +/- 3.5 on day 3, and to 18.0 +/- 3.0 vs. 9.5 +/- 1.7 on day 5. In FHU eyes, it was 13.9 +/- 2.7 after 1 week, and had returned to preoperative levels after 6 weeks (10.9 +/- 2.5) and remained stable for up to 6 months (mean 10.3 +/- 2.2). Pre- and postoperatively, aqueous flare values were 2-3 times higher in FHU eyes than in control eyes with senile cataract (p = 0.01). No postoperative complications such as fibrin formation, synechiae, macrophages on the intraocular lens optic or endophthalmitis were observed in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: BAB breakdown following phacoemulsification with posterior chamber lens implantation is relatively mild in eyes with FHU and the BAB appears to be fully reestablished to preoperative levels 6 weeks postoperatively, explaining the usually good outcome of cataract surgery in this condition.     

肝素表面修饰的亲水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体在超声乳化联合小梁切除术中的应用

目的比较肝素表面修饰的亲水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体和非肝素表面修饰的亲水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体在晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除手术后的前房炎症反应。方法29例(29眼)施行晶状体超声乳化及后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除手术者分为A组和B组:A组(15例)植入非肝素表面修饰的亲水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体,B组(14例)植入肝素表面修饰的亲水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体。于术后1d、7d、1月及3月随访观察。结果术后1d两组的房水闪光值和细胞计数均显著上升,术后7d下降明显,其后逐渐下降,术后3个月基本恢复至术前水平。两组间房水闪光值和细胞计数在术后1d和第7d差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而术后第1月、3月两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,两组间最佳矫正视力及眼压的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肝素表面修饰的亲水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体可改善人工晶状体的生物相容性,较非肝素表面修饰者更能减轻术后炎症反应,尤其有利于白内障联合青光眼术后早期阶段的视力康复。     

Randomized clinical trial of a new dexamethasone delivery system (surodex) for treatment of post-cataract surgery inflammation

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety of Surodex Drug Delivery System (Oculex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) containing dexamethasone 60 μg, for use in cataract surgery, and to compare its anti-inflammatory efficacy with conventional dexamethasone 0.1% eyedrops.DesignRandomized, masked, and partially controlled trial.ParticipantsSixty eyes of 60 Asian patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation were examined. Of these, 28 eyes of 28 patients served as control eyes. Patients were stratified for age and presence of diabetes mellitus.InterventionSurodex was inserted in the anterior chamber of 32 eyes at the conclusion of surgery. These eyes received placebo eyedrops four times a day after surgery for 4 weeks. Control eyes received neither Surodex nor a placebo implant but were prescribed conventional 0.1% dexamethasone eyedrops four times a day for 4 weeks.Main outcome measuresAnterior chamber cells and flare were clinically graded at the slit lamp. Anterior chamber flare was objectively assessed with the Kowa FM500 Laser Flare Meter (Kowa Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) for up to 3 months after surgery. Intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial specular microscopy with morphometric cell analysis were performed for up to 1 year after surgery.ResultsClinical slit-lamp assessment of anterior chamber flare and cells showed no difference between Surodex-treated eyes and dexamethasone eyedrop-treated eyes. Flare meter readings showed lower flare levels in the Surodex group at all postoperative visits compared with the dexamethasone eyedrop group. Flare reduction in the Surodex group reached statistical significance at days 4, 8, 15, and 30 after surgery. At 3 months, flare was reduced to preoperative levels in the Surodex group but was still raised in the dexamethasone eyedrop group. Five eyes in the dexamethasone eyedrop group required augmentation of steroids and were deemed therapeutic failures as opposed to one eye in the Surodex group. One patient in the dexamethasone eyedrop group developed postoperative open-angle glaucoma with profound visual field loss and optic disc cupping, resulting in hand movements vision. No significant difference in endothelial cell loss was noted between Surodex-inserted eyes and dexamethasone eyedrop-treated eyes for up to 1 year after surgery.ConclusionsIntraocular placement of a single Surodex is a safe and effective treatment method to reduce intraocular inflammation after cataract surgery. There was no statistical difference in efficacy between Surodex and 0.1% dexamethasone eyedrops in reducing intraocular inflammation, as measured by clinical methods, while Surodex was clearly superior to eyedrops in reducing aqueous flare as objectively assessed with the laser flare meter.     

Triamcinolone-assisted pars plana vitrectomy improves the surgical procedures and decreases the postoperative blood–ocular barrier breakdown

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a triamcinolone-assisted pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) on the visibility of hyaloid during surgery and the postoperative clinical outcome. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with proliferative retinal disease [8 with diabetic macular edema (DME), 10 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), 13 with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)] underwent PPV, where the vitreous body was visualized by the intravitreal injection of triamcinolone solution during the operation. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), tamponade, corneal pathology, after-cataract, vitreous hemorrhage, and necessity of reoperation, were thereafter examined for at least 3 months after surgery. The anterior chamber laser flare cell meter was used on postoperative day 8 in DME eyes with triamcinolone-assisted PPV and with routine PPV to evaluate the breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier. RESULTS: The vitreous body was clearly seen by means of triamcinolone during surgery, which greatly helped us to perform a posterior hyaloid resection safely and thoroughly. Six of 8 DME eyes, 8 of 10 PDR eyes, and 5 of 13 PVR eyes showed an improvement in their vision postoperatively. No eye except one experienced IOP elevation above 21 mmHg for 7 days. Six eyes had vitreous hemorrhage. The DME eyes which received triamcinolone-assisted PPV showed significantly less breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier than those with routine PPV (Mann-Whitney U-test, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Triamcinolone improved the visibility of the hyaloid and the safety of the surgical procedures during PPV and also inhibited the postoperative breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier. Although the long-term effects are still unknown, this method appears potentially useful as an improved treatment for proliferative retinal diseases.     

后Tenon囊下注射曲安奈德联合玻璃体切割术在脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离中的应用

背景 曲安奈德具有抗光作用,脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离(RD/CD)术前玻璃体腔内注射TA可减轻炎症反应,改善手术效果,但由于术前眼压低,玻璃体腔注射易引起并发症.关于后Tenon囊下注射TA在RD/CD中的有效性和安全性尚未见报道. 目的 探讨后Tenon囊下注射TA治疗RD/CD的疗效及安全性.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,收集于2010年5月至2014年6月在温州医科大学附属眼视光医院首诊为RD/CD且接受手术的患者22例22眼的病历资料,患眼均于玻璃体切割术前5d行后Tenon囊下注射TA混悬液40 mg(0.4 ml),注药后观察葡萄膜的炎性反应.使用Goldmann眼压计和B型超声仪观察注药前及注药后5d患眼眼压、脉络膜脱离高度及脱离范围的变化,同时监测血压及血糖的变化,并于注药5d后行玻璃体切割术,所有患者术后随访3个月以上. 结果 行TA的后Tenon囊下注射的22眼葡萄膜炎症状均不同程度减轻;注药前患眼平均眼压为(5.4--.2.9) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),注射TA后5d患眼平均眼压为(8.2±4.3) mmHg,眼压上升2.8 mmHg,差异有统计学意义(t=3.430,P＜0.01).注药前患眼平均脉络膜脱离高度为5.2(3.1,6.6)mm,注药后5d平均脉络膜脱离高度为0.9(0,3.8)mm,脉络膜脱离高度显著降低,差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.198,P＜0.01).注药前患眼平均脉络膜脱离范围为12(10,12)个点位,注药后5d平均脉络膜脱离范围为3(0,6)个点位,脱离范围显著下降,差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.124,P＜0.01).患者注药前后血糖、血压变化的差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).术眼术前、术后1个月和3个月LogMAR视力分别为2.14±0.46、1.29±0.57和1.17±0.55,术后视力较术前明显好转,总体比较差异有统计学意义(F=22.060,P＜0.001).视网膜复位率为95.5％.7眼术后出现高眼压,其中5眼使用局部降眼压药物治疗后恢复,2眼药物取出后眼压恢复正常. 结论 RD/CD术前行TA后Tenon囊下注射能减轻术眼葡萄膜炎反应,升高眼压及降低脉络膜脱离,对血糖、血压影响小.