正交试验法优选齐墩果酸固体脂质纳米粒的制备工艺

目的制备齐墩果酸固体脂质纳米粒。方法采用薄膜-超声分散法制备齐墩果酸固体脂质纳米粒,以包封率为指标,采用正交试验优选最佳制备工艺。结果最佳制备工艺为:超声时间为40min,齐墩果酸与大豆磷脂的比例为1∶8,60g/L甘露醇的用量为15mL。所得齐墩果酸固体脂质纳米粒圆形或椭圆形,平均粒径范围为(75±20.3)nm,包封率大于97.81%。结论薄膜-超声分散法制备齐墩果酸固体脂质纳米粒的工艺可行,包封率高。     

齐墩果酸脂质体的制备研究

目的：制备齐墩果酸（oleanolic acid,OA）脂质体,优选最佳处方及制备工艺。方法：以氢化大豆卵磷脂、胆固醇为载体,采用薄膜超声分散法制备齐墩果酸脂质体,设计正交实验。以包封率、形态为考察指标选择最优处方。结果：按最优处方制得的齐墩果酸脂质体均匀圆整,平均粒径82.1nm。包封率在90%以上。结论：选择薄膜超声分散法优化工艺制备齐墩果酸脂质体处方合理,工艺可行,有比较满意的包封率。     

齐墩果酸-纳米碳酸钙固体分散体的制备及评价研究

目的?制备齐墩果酸-纳米碳酸钙固体分散体,以期提高齐墩果酸的溶出度。方法?以纳米级碳酸钙为载体,采用溶剂法制备齐墩果酸固体分散体,采用扫描电镜分析(SEM)、差示量热扫描分析(DSC)和X-射线衍射分析对固体分散体进行物相表征,并对其体外溶出行为进行考察。结果?分析显示齐墩果酸在固体分散体中以无定形态存在,体外溶出结果表明,齐墩果酸-纳米碳酸钙（1∶2,w/w）60?min的累积溶出度达到83.30%,显著高于齐墩果酸原料药。结论?将纳米碳酸钙作为齐墩果酸固体分散体的载体,能显著提高齐墩果酸的体外溶出度。      

薄膜-超声分散法制备β-榄香烯固体脂质纳米粒

目的 制备β-榄香烯固体脂质纳米粒,并对其粒径和包封率进行考察.方法 采用薄膜-超声分散法制备,并以包封率为指标采用正交设计法优化β-榄香烯固体脂质纳米粒的制备工艺.结果 所得β-榄香烯固体脂质纳米粒的最佳制备条件是β-榄香烯20μL,卵磷脂90 mg,硬脂酸90 mg,2.5%聚山梨酯80 5 mL,2.5%泊洛沙姆1885 mL.结论 该处方可用于β-榄香烯固体脂质纳米粒的制备,工艺可行.     

齐墩果酸新型前体脂质体的制备和性质研究

目的 为了研究齐墩果酸新剂型,制备齐墩果酸新型前体脂质体,并对其体外性质进行考察.方法 采用一种新型前体脂质体制备方法将齐墩果酸制成前体脂质体,考察了前体脂质体水合后形成脂质体的形态、粒径、包封率、体外吸收等各项指标,验证了这种新型前体脂质体制备方法制备齐墩果酸脂质体的可行性.结果 所形成的齐墩果酸脂质体粒径小、粒度分布均匀,包封率为(85.65±7.96)%.且包封率的大小与脂质体溶液pH、药脂比有关.pH升高,包封率增大,药脂比由5:1增加到10:1时,包封率增大.离体小肠吸收实验证明,齐墩果酸脂质体与对照组相比,可显著促进药物吸收.结论 新型前体脂质体制备方法可将齐墩果酸制成齐墩果酸脂质体,且形成的脂质体包封率较高,体外促吸收作用良好,此研究为齐墩果酸脂质体的研制奠定了基础.     

甘草酸固体脂质纳米粒的处方及制备工艺

目的 制备甘草酸固体脂质纳米粒(GL-SLN).方法 用旋转蒸发薄膜超声法制备GL-SLN,在单因素考察的基础上,通过正交设计优选该纳米粒的处方及制备工艺,并对优化条件下制备的GL-SLN进行质量评价.结果 制备的GL-SLN大小较均匀,平均粒径为75.8 nm,zeta电位-19.7 mV,载药量8.27%,包封率91.76%.结论 薄膜超声分散法优化工艺制备得到的GL-SLN包封率较高,稳定性好,方法可靠.     

薄膜-超声分散法制备川芎嗪固体脂质纳米粒

[目的]制备川芎嗪固体脂质纳米粒,并对其载药量和包封率进行考察。[方法]采用薄膜超声分散法制备,并以包封率为指标采用正交设计法优化川芎嗪固体脂质纳米粒的制备工艺。[结论]所得川芎嗪固体脂质纳米粒的最佳制备处方是川芎嗪30mg,卵磷脂300mg,硬脂酸300mg,30g/L的甘露醇15mL。[结论]该处方可用于川芎嗪固体脂质纳米粒的制备,工艺简单、可行。     

淫羊藿苷脂固体质纳米粒制备工艺的优化及其体外释放研究

目的淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒制备方法及处方研究并考察其体外释放情况。方法采用超声分散与高温融溶低温固化结合法制备淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒,考察大豆卵磷脂、胆固醇、投药量、PEG-2000、F-68的用量对包封率、载药量的影响以确定出较优处方配比;用HPLC测定了淫羊藿苷溶液及固体脂质纳米粒在30%甲醇PBS溶液中的体外释放百分率。结果制得的淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒包封率为（98.07±0.15）%,载药量为（6.47±0.14）%;在30%甲醇PBS溶液,淫羊藿苷溶液9 h释放99.97%;淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒72 h累积释放89.75%。结论通过改进后的制备方法优化处方制得固体脂质纳米粒具有较高包封率和载药量,淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒可使淫羊藿苷具有良好的缓释效果。     

齐墩果酸新型前体脂质体的制备和包封率考察

目的为研究齐墩果酸新剂型,制备齐墩果酸新型前体脂质体,并对其包封率进行考察。方法采用一种新型前体脂质体制备方法将齐墩果酸制成前体脂质体,考察前体脂质体水合后形成脂质体的形态、粒径、包封率、体外吸收等各项指标,验证这种新型前体脂质体制备方法制备齐墩果酸脂质体的可行性。结果所形成的齐墩果酸脂质体粒径小、粒度分布均匀,包封率为（85．65±7．96）％。且包封率的大小与脂质体溶液pH、药脂比有关。pH升高,包封率增大,药脂比由5：1增加到10：1时,包封率增大。离体小肠吸收实验证明,齐墩果酸脂质体与对照组相比,可显著促进药物吸收。结论新型前体脂质体制备方法可将齐墩果酸制成齐墩果酸脂质体,且形成的脂质体包封率较高,此研究为齐墩果酸脂质体的研制奠定了基础。     

蒿甲醚-蔗糖铁脂质纳米粒的制备及表征

目的 研制蒿甲醚-蔗糖铁脂质纳米粒且表征其理化性质.方法 以大豆卵磷脂和大豆油为载体,采用薄膜分散-高压乳匀法制备蒿甲醚-蔗糖铁脂质纳米粒.用高效液相色谱法测定包封率和载药量,用电子显微镜观察形态,用激光粒度仪测定粒径.结果 制得的脂质纳米粒呈类球状,粒径较均匀,平均粒径为(161±17.4) nm,包封率为(85.1±0.83)%,载药量为(5.3±0.2)%.体外释放实验表明,脂质纳米粒具有良好的缓释特征.结论 该制备工艺简单可行,制得的纳米粒分散均匀,包封率较高.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.