低剂量辐射对HCT-8细胞周期及其相关蛋白表达的影响

目的：研究低剂量照射(LDR)对人结肠癌细胞(HCT-8)增殖、细胞周期及其相关信号蛋白表达的影响,为低剂量辐射临床应用提供理论依据。方法：体外培养人结肠癌细胞HCT-8,分为7个实验组：假照组（0 mGy）,25、50、75、100和200 mGy低剂量X线照射组和1 000 mGy高剂量X线照射组。照射后用细胞计数法及噻唑蓝比色(MTT)检测细胞增殖率,用流式细胞术测定细胞周期中G₀/G₁、S、G₂/M期的比例。应用蛋白法分析检测细胞周期及相关信号蛋白（共9个蛋白）的表达。结果：经细胞计数及MTT实验证实,25、50、75、100和200 mGy低剂量辐射组HCT-8细胞增殖率与假照组比较差异均无显著性（P>0.05）,与高剂量组比较差异均有显著性（P<0.05）。经流式细胞术检测,与假照组比较,75 mGy低剂量辐射12和24 h后,HCT-8细胞 G₀/G₁期比例增高(P>0.05),S期比例显著降低(P<0.05);G₂/M期比例显著升高（P<0.05）;48 h后G₀/G₁、S及G₂/M期HCT-8细胞比例与假照组比较差异均无显著性（P>0.05）。蛋白分析检测,低剂量辐射后HCT-8细胞中Akt、PCNA、P27、CDK2、cyclin E、EGFR、ERK1/2、p-ERK、p-GSK-3α/β等 9种蛋白表达量均较假照组降低。结论：低剂量辐射对HCT-8细胞增殖无促进作用,但在一定程度抑制细胞增殖及细胞周期相关蛋白的表达。     

低剂量照射对小鼠S180肉瘤组织Cyclin E和PCNA表达影响

目的探讨低剂量照射对小鼠S180肉瘤组织细胞周期蛋白E（CyclinE）和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达的影响。方法昆明种雄性小鼠右后肢腹股沟皮下接种S180肉瘤细胞,随机分成对照组（假照组）、照射组。接种后1周以75mGy的γ射线全身照射照射组小鼠,于照射后12、24、48及72h处死两组小鼠,直接测量肿瘤直径,取瘤组织用PV二步法半定量检测CyclinE、PCNA表达情况。结果与假照组相比,75mGy的7射线全身照射后小鼠肿瘤生长缓慢（t=2．19,P〈0．05）。低剂量照射后各组小鼠CyctinE表达与假照组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;照射后48h小鼠瘤组织PCNA表达较假照组明显下降（u=2．34,P〈0．05）。结论低剂量照射可降低CyclinE、PCNA的表达,从而抑制肿瘤生长,对低剂量照射抗肿瘤机制的研究有一定的指导意义。     

低剂量辐射对裸鼠移植人胶质瘤(U251)细胞凋亡的影响

目的：探讨低剂量辐射对裸鼠移植人胶质瘤U251细胞凋亡的影响。方法：35只荷人胶质瘤U251裸鼠,随机分为7个实验组(每组5只),即假照组(0 mGy),D₁组(75 mGy),D₂组(4Gy),D₁-12 h+D₂组(D₁照射后12 h给予D₂),D₁-24 h+D₂组(D₁照射后24 h给予D₂),D₁-48 h+D₂组(D₁照射后48 h给予D₂)和D₁-72 h+D₂组(D₁照射后72 h给予D₂)。各实验组以不同方式照射后4 d,荷瘤裸鼠全部处死,采用TUNEL法检测裸小鼠移植人胶质瘤组织的细胞凋亡。结果：D₁（75 mGy）照射后,细胞凋亡指数（AI）增至(0.19±0.07),但与假照组（0.17±0.07）比较差异无显著性（P＞ 0.05）。D₂（4 Gy）组、D₁+D₂各组细胞凋亡指数均明显增加,分别为0.54±0.05、0.64±0.04、0.63±0.04、0.65±0.11及0.67±0.07,与假照组比较差异均具有显著性（P＜0.01）。与D₂组比较,D₁+D₂各组细胞凋亡指数增加更为明显,两者比较差异均具显著性（P＜0.05）。结论：75 mGy照射对胶质瘤细胞凋亡可能有一定程度的影响,低剂量辐射与大剂量辐射有协同促胶质瘤细胞凋亡的作用。     

Time-effect of adaptive response of mouse thymocyte apoptosis and cell cycle progression induced by low dose radiation

目的 :观察低剂量辐射 (LDR)诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程适应性反应的基本规律。方法 :用 X射线照射昆明系雄性小鼠 ,其诱导剂量 (D1)及其后攻击剂量 (D2 )分别是 75m Gy和 1.5Gy。D1和 D2 间隔时间分别是 3、6、12、2 4和 6 0 h。D2 照射后 18h胸腺细胞培养 4、2 0和 4 4 h用流式细胞仪检测胸腺细胞凋亡小体 (TAB)和细胞周期进程的变化。结果 :当 D1和 D2 间隔 3、6和 12 h,在 D2 照射后胸腺细胞培养 4和 2 0 h,D1+ D2 组 TAB百分数明显低于 D2 组 (P<0 .0 5) ,G0 / G1和 G2 + M期细胞百分数也不同程度地低于 D2 组 ,而 S期细胞百分数却明显高于 D2 组 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1)。结论 :D1和D2 分别是 75m Gy(剂量率 ,12 .5m Gy/ min)和 1.5Gy(剂量率 ,0 .2 87Gy/ min) ,D1和 D2 间隔 3～ 12 h,在小鼠全身照射后其胸腺细胞培养 4和 2 0 h可诱导细胞凋亡和细胞周期进程的适应性反应。     

低剂量辐射对荷S180肉瘤小鼠肿瘤组织MMP-2和TIMP-2表达影响

目的 探讨低剂量辐射对荷S180肉瘤小鼠肿瘤组织中基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2(TIMP-2)表达的影响.方法 昆明种小鼠皮下接种S180肉瘤细胞,待肿瘤形成后将小鼠随机分为假照组(N组,40只)和低剂量辐射组(LDR组,40只),N组予以无射线假照射,LDR组给予一次性75 mGy的60Co射线全身照射.N组于假照射后12 h处死,LDR组分别于照射后12、24、48、72 h处死.分别取肿瘤称质量,免疫组化染色检测肿瘤组织中MMP-2、TIMP-2表达情况.结果 与N组相比,75 mGy射线全身照射后小鼠肿瘤生长缓慢(t=2.19,P＜0.05).LDR组小鼠低剂量照射后不同时间TIMP-2表达与N组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MMP-2的表达在照射后24、48 h较N组明显下降,差异均有显著性(u=2.15、2.04,P<0.05).结论 低剂量全身照射可以明显抑制肿瘤生长,降低MMP-2的表达,从而抑制肿瘤的浸润和转移.     

低剂量X线辐射诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程适应性反应的剂量率效应

目的 :观察 X线低剂量辐射诱导胸腺细胞凋亡和细胞周期进程适应性反应的剂量率效应。方法 :用 X射线照射昆明种雄性小鼠 ,其诱导剂量 ( D1 )及其后攻击剂量 ( D2 )分别是 75 m Gy和1 .5 Gy,D1 剂量率为 6.2 5、1 2 .5、2 5、5 0、1 0 0和 2 0 0 m Gy· min-1 ,D2 剂量率为 2 87m Gy· min-1 ,D1 和 D2 间隔 6h。通过流式细胞仪检测胸腺细胞凋亡和细胞周期进程的变化。结果 :当 D1 剂量率为 6.2 5、1 2 .5和 2 5 m Gy,D1 + D2 组胸腺细胞凋亡百分数明显低于 D2 组 ( P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1 ) ,G0 / G1 和 G2 + M期细胞百分数也不同程度地低于 D2 组 ,而 S期细胞百分数明显高于 D2 组( P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1 )。结论 :低剂量 X线全身照射条件下 ,剂量率在 6.2 5～ 2 5 m Gy· min-1 ,可诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡和细胞周期进程的适应性反应     

Adaptive response of thymocyte apoptosis induced by X-irradiation with 75 mGy

目的：本研究观察胸腺细胞凋亡小体（TAB）以评价低剂量辐射诱导的胸腺细胞凋亡的适应性反应。方法：实验用X射线全身照射Kunmin雄性小鼠，诱导剂量75mGy（D1），攻击剂量1．5或2．0Gy（D2），D1和D2间隔6h，D2照后20h检测TAB百分数。结果：D1+D2组TAB百分数明显低于D2组（P＜0．05）。此外，将75mGy照射的脾细胞外液加入2Gy照射的胸腺细胞悬液中，在培养72h明显低于2Gy照射组（P<0．05）。结论：低剂量辐射（75mGy）可改变免疫细胞的外环境，降低其凋亡，并且可诱导其后大剂量（1．5或2．Gy）照射的小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡的适应性反应。     

低剂量辐射诱导EL-4淋巴瘤细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程适应性反应的剂量率效应

目的：观察低剂量辐射诱导EL-4淋巴瘤细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程适应性反应的剂量率效应,以揭示低剂量辐射生物效应及其诱导适应性反应的可能机制。方法：实验分D2组（攻击剂量）、D1（诱导剂量）+ D2组和假照组。用X射线照射离体EL-4淋巴瘤细胞,其D1为75 mGy（剂量率6.25~200.00 mGy•min^-1）,D2为1.5 Gy（剂量率287 mGy/min）,D1和D2间隔6 h。通过流式细胞仪检测其细胞凋亡和细胞周期进程的变化。结果：当D1剂量率为6.25~50.00 mGy,D1 + D2组细胞凋亡百分数明显低于D2组（P<0.05）G₀/G₁期细胞百分数明显低于D2组（P<0.01）,而S期细胞百分数不同程度高于D2组。结论：D1为75 mGy（剂量率6.25~50.00 mGy•min^-1）,D2为1.5 Gy（剂量率287 mGy•min^-1）、D1和D2间隔6 h,可诱导体外EL-4淋巴瘤细胞凋亡和细胞周期进程的适应性反应。     

低剂量辐射诱导EL-4淋巴瘤细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程适应性反应的时间效应

目的：研究低剂量辐射诱导EL-4淋巴瘤细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程适应性反应的时间效应，以揭示低剂量辐射生物效应及其诱导适应性反应的可能机制。方法：实验分D2组（攻击剂量）、D1（诱导剂量）+ D2组和假照组。用X射线照射离体EL-4淋巴瘤细胞，其D1为75 mGy（剂量率12.5 mGy•min^-1），D2为1.5 Gy（剂量率287 mGy•min^-1），D1和D2间隔为3~60 h。通过流式细胞仪检测其细胞凋亡和细胞周期进程的变化。结果：当D1和D2间隔为3~24 h时，D1+D2组细胞凋亡百分数明显低于D2组（P<0.05或P<0.01），G₀/G₁期细胞百分数不同程度低于D2组，而S期细胞百分数明显高于D2组（P<0.05）。结论：75 mGy（12.5 mGy•min^-1）照射后3~24 h，进行1.5 Gy（287 mGy•min^-1）照射，可诱导体外EL-4淋巴瘤细胞凋亡和细胞周期进程的适应性反应。     

低剂量电离辐射对松果腺细胞周期的影响

目的 :探讨低剂量 X射线全身照射对小鼠松果腺细胞周期的影响。方法 :采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测小鼠松果腺细胞周期。结果 :低剂量电离辐射全身照射后 ,小鼠松果腺 G0 / G1期细胞百分数降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,S期细胞百分数升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,G2 + M期细胞百分数降低 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :低剂量电离辐射可促进小鼠松果腺细胞的 DNA合成及增殖。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.