成人腰椎管MRI几何测量的定量研究

目的：通过测量腰椎管狭窄病人腰椎管径线和面积,并通过与无症状正常成人对照,确定其测量标准值,进一步评价不同测量指标的诊断价值。方法：正常成人200例和腰椎管狭窄病人200例,行下腰段L3-4、L4-5及L5-S1水平MR I扫描。测量指标包括：矢状位椎管径矢、韧带间径、椎管面积、硬膜囊面积。各项数据均经过统计学处理。结果：①对照组各项指标测量值在不同年龄组和不同性别之间统计学上无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。②矢状位椎管径矢在不同椎间盘水平统计学上具有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。③韧带间径在不同椎间盘水平具有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。④硬膜囊和椎管面积：L3-4与L4-5椎间盘水平均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,而两者于L5-S1水平存在显著性差异（P〈0.01）。⑤狭窄组：与中央椎管狭窄密切相关的各项指标测量结果在不同性别、不同年龄组之间进行比较,差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。⑥狭窄组与对照组比较：矢状位椎管径矢、硬膜囊面积、椎管面积及韧带间径之间比较,在统计学上存在显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论：正常国人成人下腰段L3-L5椎间盘水平椎管各项径线及面积MR I测量指标,在不同椎间盘水平应有不同的界限值。研究发现椎管径矢仍是诊断中央椎管狭窄的良好指标,椎管面积和硬膜囊面积也具有重要价值。     

腰椎间盘突出症CT影像定位与症状体征的关联性分析

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出症CT影像区域定位与症状体征的关联性。方法共选取258例腰椎间盘突出症患者,其中轻度120例,中度98例,重度40例,分别测量并计算出矢状径指数(SI)、测量黄韧带前间隙、侧隐窝上口宽度、硬膜囊前后径,观察腰椎间盘突出症分级与各项指标的关系,同时,根据CT检查将患者腰椎间盘突出性质、类型及部位进行分类,分析患者分级与腰椎间盘突出因素的关系。结果腰椎间盘突出症患者体征症状越严重,矢状径越大及硬膜囊前后径越小,即患者体征严重程度与矢状径及硬膜囊前后径有明显相关性(P<0.05)。轻度与重度组间比较,黄韧带间隙及侧隐窝宽度有显著差异,但轻度与中度及中度与重度组间比较差异无统计学意义,即腰椎间盘突出症患者体征症状严重程度与黄韧带间隙及侧隐窝宽度有一定关系,但不具有明显相关性。患者的临床症状体征严重程度与腰推间盘突出的性质和类型有明显相关性(P<0.05),与突出部位无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论腰推间盘突出患者临床症状体征可由多种原因引起,其严重程度与CT影像学表现有一定的关系,但并不完全相关,应结合患者症状体征及各种检查结果进行综合考虑,正确评估患者病情。     

下腰段椎间盘与后部结构的相关分析

在经过腰椎间盘中心平面的ＣＴ图片上，对８０例正常下腰段椎间盘及其椎管、硬膜囊的有关指标进行了测量，并对这些指标进行相关分析，发现硬膜囊矢径与椎管矢径、硬膜囊矢径与下关节突最大宽、椎间盘矢径与椎管矢径间存在高度相关，提示正常人上述３种结构间可能存在某种内在联系。本研究结果为一些椎间盘病变诊断指标的制定提供了客观依据。     

单侧入路潜式减压治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症

目的:探讨单侧入路潜式减压手术方式治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症的可行性。方法:分析东南大学附属中大医院10例诊断为退变性腰椎管狭窄症的病例资料,均测量术前及术后3个月的CT各项指标,包括L3/4、L4/5间隙潜式减压侧椎管面积、硬膜囊的横截面积、椎管矢状径、潜式减压侧的侧隐窝矢径、侧隐窝角度、椎间孔上下径、椎间孔矢状径及椎间孔面积;同时评估患者术前及术后3个月功能障碍指数(ODI),对手术前后各项CT测量结果及ODI评分结果进行统计学分析。结果:手术前后各项影像学指标测量显示,术后L3/4间隙椎管面积(潜式减压侧)及硬膜囊面积平均扩大率分别为129%和66.5%,L4/5间隙椎管面积及硬膜囊面积平均扩大率分别为115%和51.3%,可见术后椎管面积、硬膜囊面积、椎管矢状径与术前对比均有明显增加,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。术后L3/4间隙侧隐窝矢状径平均增加2.40 mm,侧隐窝角度平均增加14.5°;L4/5间隙侧隐窝矢状径平均增加2.48 mm,侧隐窝角度平均增加13.9°;术后L3/4间隙椎间孔矢状径平均增加2.44 mm,椎间孔面积平均加大了60.12 mm2;术后L4/5间隙椎间孔矢状径平均增加1.75 mm,椎间孔面积平均加大了58.91 mm2。结果显示侧隐窝矢状径、侧隐窝角度、椎间孔矢状径及椎间孔面积较术前均有相应增加,P<0.05,两组对比差异有统计学意义;而椎间孔上下径测量较术前无明显变化,差异无统计学意义。术后ODI评分有明显改变,较术前平均降低了43%,临床腰腿痛症状缓解明显,行走能力得到改善。结论:单侧入路潜式减压治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症的手术方式可行,术后复查短期疗效满意。     

腰骶硬膜囊伸屈动力学的造影研究

应用低毒低渗非离子碘水溶性造影剂Omnipaque对42例腰椎管造影并作腰椎动力学研究。摄标准侧位X线片,测量腰骶硬膜囊矢状径及其前间隙距离的变化。结果非腰椎病组(20例),从屈曲到伸展在L_(3、4),L_(4、5)椎间水平硬膜囊矢状径均值由大变小,L_5、S_1水平变化不明显,但在其椎体间水平略有增加;椎管狭窄组(11例),伸展位时在狭窄节段明显减少,屈曲时增大;椎间盘突出组(11例),突出的节段矢状径均值     

腰椎上关节突部分切除术治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症及腰椎间盘突出症

近年,对腰椎椎管狭窄症的彻底减压及腰椎间盘突出症的长期疗效的认识,不论在广度或深度上均有重大进展,而腰椎上关节突部分切除,在治疗上述两病时,均有着重要意义。作者等于文中讨论了腰椎上关节突增生或其内前方的黄韧带、关节囊肥厚,既可使椎管后壁向前塌陷,造成椎管狭窄,又可致使神经根根管狭窄。倘若上关节突向中线向前增生,即可形成矢状面上椎管前后径不变小的三叶状根管、椎管狭窄症,即使碘剂造影亦难以获得阳性X线征象。     

黄韧带骨化型胸椎管狭窄症的神经损害因素

目的探讨椎管狭窄率与黄韧带骨化型胸椎管狭窄症的关系。方法利用cT测量20例黄韧带骨化合并上关节突肥大胸椎管狭窄症患者的椎管狭窄矢状径、椎管矢状径、椎管狭窄面积、椎管面积,计算椎管矢状径狭窄率、椎管面积狭窄率;按照改良JOA评分对每位患者的神经损害功能进行评价并分析它们之间的关系。结果椎管矢状径狭窄率、椎管面积狭窄率与改良JOA评分均呈正相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论椎管矢状径狭窄率、椎管面积狭窄率可以反映胸椎管狭窄症患者的狭窄程度,且与神经损害程度呈正相关。     

螺旋CT诊断腰椎间盘突出症并发椎管狭窄45例分析

目的探讨螺旋CT对腰椎间盘突出症并发椎管狭窄的诊断价值。方法对2008年1月～2009年3月期间CT诊断为腰椎盘突出症并发椎管狭窄的45例患者的CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果 5例硬膜囊脂肪层消失或不对称,硬膜囊受压变形,神经根被推压移位;4例腰椎间盘后缘弧形突出,位于椎体后缘的中央;13例并发黄韧带肥厚（6～8mm）,5例黄韧带肥厚且伴有钙化,18例均见增厚的黄韧带压迫硬膜囊或神经根使之变形或移位;侧隐窝狭窄9例;椎间孔狭窄者4例。结论螺旋CT可准确显示腰椎小关节突增生肥大、椎间盘突出及椎管狭窄,窗宽、宽位的调整对提高CT诊断准确率具有重要意义。     

CT评估中老年腰椎椎管狭窄的探讨

目的：描述50岁以上中老年人脊椎狭窄的有关CT表现及测量,探讨中老年人脊椎狭窄的特征.方法：采用CT横断面薄层扫描,并测量硬膜囊矢状径、黄韧带前间隙、侧隐窝宽度,分析它们与脊髓和/或神经根受压的关系.结果与结论：中老年人椎管狭窄多有椎骨小关节及侧隐窝狭窄,而黄韧带前间隙〈5mm是神经根压迫较为可靠的依据.     

B超诊断腰椎间盘突出症的探讨

本文报道B超诊断与手术探查腰椎管内疾病90例。作者认为,腰椎间盘突出症的B超图象为强光团反射和椎管矢径狭窄。仅以强光团为诊断依据,本文准确率为53.3％,有强光团及椎管矢径狭窄占其98％。B超与其他影象诊断无明显差异。B超还具有简单、经济和对人体无损害的特点,可作为诊断腰椎间盘突出症的重要参考资料。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.