Hemidystonia due to porencephalic cyst. A case report.

We present a 28-year old patient with left hemidystonia since early childhood after head trauma. This is the first report of a patient who had hemidystonia due to CT proven porencephalic cyst involving the caudate nucleus.     

Obsessive-compulsive disorder due to neuroacanthocytosis treated with citalopram. A case report

Neuroacanthocytois is a rare hereditary disease, which causes a degeneration of the striatum. Patients develop a choreatic movement disorder and also complex psychiatric symptoms, such as psychosis or Tourette's syndrome. We report a case of obsessive-compulsive disorder due to neuroacanthocytosis. The striatum plays an important role in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. In Huntington's disease we also find obsessive-compulsive disorders, due to impairment of the fronto-striatal loop. Encouraged by similar pathophysiology and promising reports of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in this disease, we started a treatment with citalopram to which the patient responded very well.     

Retinal perivasculitis with neurological involvement. A case report with pathological findings

The clinical and neuropathological findings in a case of retinal periphlebitis with cerebral involvement are described. Neurological involvement in retinal periphlebitis is uncommon and so far the pathology has been described in only one case.     

Trigeminal neuralgia due to lengthy AVM treatment. A case report

The authors presented a case of iatrogenic trigeminal neuralgia in a 46-year-old man with a dural arteriovenous malformation (AVM) previously treated by means of intravascular embolization. At first, microvascular decompression (MVD) in the posterior fossa was performed, but unfortunately the pain persisted. Subsequently, percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency rhizotomy was carried out. The procedure was uneventful and brought about an immediate pain relief.     

A case report and DSA findings of cerebral hemorrhage caused by syphilitic vasculitis

Syphilis is now rare and easily misdiagnosed because of the wide use of antibiotics in the clinical. We report a case of cerebral hemorrhage in a patient with hypertension who was first diagnosed as hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. However, treponema pallidum particle agglutination and rapid plasma regain tests of cerebrospinal fluid revealed the existence of neurosyphilis. Interestingly, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed severe stenosis in both middle cerebral arteries and right anterior cerebral artery. The case reminded us to pay attention to syphilitic vasculitis in patients with cryptogenic stroke. DSA sometimes may play a critical role in differential diagnosis of neurosyphilis.     

'Agenesis' of the temporal lobe. A case report with autopsy findings.

The temporal lobe agenesis syndrome is a rare congenital abnormality. In previous case reports, this syndrome has been described in association with arachnoid cysts or abnormal collections of CSF. An autopsy performed in the case of our 25-year-old patient revealed agenesis of frontal and temporal lobes without an anatomic cyst. During life the patient had no neurologic abnormalities that could be related to the lesion.     

Bilateral horizontal gaze paralysis due to pontine hemorrhage. A case report

In a case of bilateral horizontal gaze paralysis, vertical gaze was clinically intact but eye movement recordings demonstrated a transient reduction of vertical saccadic velocities. Horizontal caloric vestibulo-ocular responses were absent. CT scanning and NMR imaging showed a hematoma in the median pontine tegmentum. This case provides additional evidence that vertical and horizontal saccade genesis may be independent of caudal paramedian pontine reticular formation lesions.     

Alexia with left homonymous hemianopia without agraphia. A case report with autopsy findings.

Unusual findings at autopsy prompted this case report of a patient with the syndrome of alexia without agraphia. The expected disconnection of the left angular gyrus from both visual cortices was not found at postmortem examination. Multiple cerebral metastases were identified, but none were present in the presumed pathways connecting the left occipital lobe and the left angular gyrus.     

Single-proton tomographic study of regional cerebral blood flow in epilepsy. A preliminary report

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) may be measured with a single-photon-emission computed tomograph (SPECT) after inhalation of xenon 133. Our SPECT studies of rCBF in a group of 18 patients with seizure disorders, when compared with studies in 32 normal control subjects, have shown enhanced flow to an active seizure focus and ischemia of brain areas in certain subjects between seizures. Thus, SPECT determination of rCBF has demonstrated a number of findings recently observed with positron-emission tomography and may become a useful modality in the study of patients who have epilepsy.     

Subarachnoid haemorrhage due to a dissecting aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery: a case report.

Dissecting aneurysms of the intracranial carotid circulation are becoming increasingly recognised as a cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage. We present a case where SAH caused by anterior cerebral artery dissection was diagnosed on a repeat angiogram and successfully treated by surgical trapping. Diagnosis may be difficult as angiographic signs may be subtle and variable. Accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment is important, as the re-bleed rate is high.     

Fatal cerebral hemorrhage due to autonomic dysreflexia in a tetraplegic patient: case report and review.

Autonomic dysreflexia is the most important specific complication of high level spinal cord injury both in tetraplegic and in paraplegic patients above the midthoracic neural segment. It is a life threatening emergency that may lead to apoplexy. We present a case of fatal cerebral hemorrhage due to autonomic dysreflexia in order to demonstrate the gravity of this particular syndrome.     

Idiopathic parkinsonism with lewy-type inclusions in cerebral cortex. A case report

Summary A case of idiopathic parkinsonism showed specific neuropathological findings, namely, the diffuse appearnces of intracytoplasmic inclusions of Lewytype in the cerebral cortex in addition to many Lewy bodies in the pigmented brain stem nuclei. The staining properties and the ultrastructure of the inclusions in the cerebral cortex had a strong resemblance to those of the Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra, though a few electron microscopical differences were observed. Almost all of these cortical inclusions were homogeneous or had an obscure core in their center, and they gave the impression of immature Lewy bodies.