颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系

目的:探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系。方法:根据冠状动脉造影结果将101例病人分为冠心病组及对照组,再根据受累血管数将冠心病组又分为一支病变组、二支病变组及三支病变组。应用高频超声测定所有病例双侧颈总动脉的内-中膜厚度(IMT)、颈总动脉内径,进行分析。结果:冠心病组的左颈动脉的平均IMT为(0.91±0.13)mm,平均内中膜横切面面积(IMCSA)为(22.13±3.21)mm2,而对照组的左颈动脉的平均IMT为(0.84±0.06)mm,平均IMCSA为(18.06±1.15)mm2,两组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);冠心病组斑块发生率为63.7%,对照组的斑块发生率为34.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。以左颈总动脉IMT0.845mm为界限预测冠心病的敏感性为68.8%,特异性为67.3%;以左颈总动脉IMCSA19mm2为界限预测冠心病的敏感性为87.5%,特异性为84.6%。结论:颈动脉粥样硬化可作为冠心病的预测因子,为临床诊断提供依据。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系分析

目的 通过颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)的测定,分析颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系.方法 对91例同时行冠状动脉造影与颈动脉超声检查患者的检查结果进行对比分析.结果 冠心病单支病变组患者的颈动脉IMT为(1.09±0.22)mm,斑块检出率70.8%;多支病变组患者的颈动脉IMT为(1.23±0.18)mm,斑块检出率73.8%,明显高于对照组患者IMT(0.72±0.13)mm,斑块检出率24.0%(P<0.05).多支病变组颈动脉IMT明显高于单支病变组(P<0.05).结论 颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病之间关系密切,颈动脉IMT可作为间接反映冠状动脉病变程度的指标.     

颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病关系的研究

目的:研究颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系。方法:对301例冠状动脉造影的患者作双侧颈动脉超声检查,根据冠脉造影结果分为正常组及冠心病组,冠心病组根据冠状动脉病变支数再分为一支病变组,二支病变组,三支病变组3个亚组。测量颈总动脉后壁内中膜厚度(IMT),斑块厚度,计算斑块积分及粥样斑块发生率。结果:(1)冠心病组IMT,斑块积分及斑块发生率明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。(2)随冠脉病变支数增加,斑块积分及IMT增加,亚组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。(3)以IMT>0.85mm和(或)出现粥样斑块预测冠心病,特异性75.3％,敏感性84.6％,阳性预测率88.4％。结论:通过颈动脉超声检查可为冠心病的诊断提供依据。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病关系的研究

目的研究颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系。方法对301例冠状动脉造影的患者作双侧颈动脉超声检查，根据冠脉造影结果分为正常组及冠心病组，冠心病组根据冠状动脉病变支数再分为一支病变组，二支病变组，三支病变组3个亚组。测量颈总动脉后壁内中膜厚度(IMT)，斑块厚度，计算斑块积分及粥样斑块发生率。结果(1)冠心病组IMT，斑决积分及斑块发生率明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01)。(2)随冠脉病变支数增加，斑块积分及IMT增加，亚组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01)。(3)以IMT＞0.85mm和(或)出现粥样斑块预测冠心病，特异性75.3％，敏感性84.6％，阳性预测率88.4％。结论通过颈动脉超声检查可为冠心痛的诊断提供依据。     

颈动脉内中膜厚度与冠心病的关系分析

目的：通过颈动脉内-中膜厚度（IMT）的测定,分析颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系。方法：对158例接受脉造影的患者行颈动脉IMT及斑块超声检查,比较有无冠脉病变及不同程度冠脉病变与颈动脉IMT的关系。结果：无冠心病者50例,冠心病单支病变组53例,多支病变组55例。冠心病患者的颈动脉IMT[单支病变（0．91±0．1）mm）,多支病变（1．08±0．15）min]分别明显高于非冠心病者[（0．83±0．08）mm,P均〈0．057,冠心病患者的斑块检出率[单支病变52．6％,多支病变65．7％]分别明显高于非冠心病者的32％（P均〈0．05）。多支冠状动脉病变组的颈动脉IMT及斑块检出率明显高于单支冠状动脉病变组（P均〈0．05）。结论：颈动脉粥样硬化对冠心病有一定的预测价值,颈动脉IMT可作为间接反映冠状动脉病变程度的指标。     

老年女性冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化和血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的探讨

目的　观察老年女性冠心病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度 (IMT)、粥样斑块发生率及肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的情况。方法　用高分辨超声技术对 89例老年女性行肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能 (FMD)、IMT及颈动脉粥样斑块的检测。结果　老年女性冠心病组FMD较对照组明显减弱 ,分别为 (3.5± 3.1) %及 (7.6± 3.5 ) % ,P <0 .0 0 1,老年女性冠心病组及对照组IMT分别为 (0 .88± 0 .2 0 )mm及 (0 .6 5± 0 .2 3)mm ,颈动脉粥样斑块发生率分别为 6 2 .2 %及11.4 % ,两组比较差异具有显著性意义 ,P <0 .0 0 1。结论　老年女性冠心病患者存在着严重的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍以及颈动脉粥样硬化 ,颈动脉B超及肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能对老年女性冠心病患者有一定的预测价值。     

颈动脉多普勒超声与心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变的关系

目的采用彩色多普勒超声仪分析心绞痛患者颈动脉病变,探讨其在冠状动脉病变中的临床诊断价值。方法选择因心绞痛行冠状动脉造影的住院患者328例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为4组:对照组(80例)、单支病变组(102例)、2支病变组(62例)和多支病变组(84例)。用彩色多普勒超声仪测量颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(intimamediathickness,IMT)及颈动脉分叉处IMT,记录颈动脉斑块的位置、数量。结果与对照组比较,2支病变组分叉处IMT和斑块积分明显增高,多支病变组颈总动脉IMT、分叉处IMT和斑块积分明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。与对照组比较,多支病变组颈总动脉IMT增厚比例明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与单支病变组比较,多支病变组颈总动脉IMT增厚比例明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。糖尿病是冠状动脉病变的主要危险因素(OR=2.8,95% CI:1.18～6.63)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉病变有相关性,采用彩色多普勒超声分析颈动脉病变情况,对冠心病患者具有较好的筛查及预测价值。     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血糖血脂水平的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度与血糖、血脂等因素的相关性。方法对100例2型糖尿病初诊患者和40例我院血糖正常的健康体检者(对照组)行颈动脉超声检查,测定颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)平均值及粥样硬化斑块情况,同时测定患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血脂[总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]等项目,分析糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化情况与血糖、血脂的关系。结果 100例糖尿病患者有不同程度颈动脉粥样硬化者占75%(75例),明显高于健康对照组(25%,P<0.01)。糖尿病有斑块组IMT平均为(1.42±0.21)mm,糖尿病无斑块组IMT平均为(1.00±0.18)mm,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。糖尿病有斑块组患者的HbA1c、LDL-C水平明显高于和HDL-C水平明显低于无斑块组患者[HbA1c:8.1%±1.6%比6.2%±1.8%;LDL-C:(4.8±0.9)mmol/L比(4.2±0.8)mmol/L;HDL-C:(0.8±0.3)mmol/L比(1.0±0.5)mmol/L,均为P<0.05]。结论糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化的程度与血糖、血脂水平存在显著的相关性。     

颈动脉粥样斑块及内膜厚度与冠状动脉病变的相关性研究

目的探讨颈动脉内膜厚度(IMT)以及粥样斑块发生率情况与冠状动脉疾病的关系。方法采用冠状动脉造影术筛选冠心病与非冠心病对照组,对181例经选择性冠状动脉造影检查的患者行颈动脉超声检查,测量IMT以及观察粥样斑块发生率情况。结果对照组及冠心病组IMT为(0.72±0.08)mm及(0.97±0.27)mm,斑块发生率分别为9.26%(5/54)及61.4%(78/127),两组比较具有显著性差异,P<0.001,以IMT≥0.85mm及/或出现粥样斑块来预测冠心病,敏感性68.5%,特异性79.6%,阳性预测值88.7%。结论颈动脉与冠状动脉粥样硬化间存在着密切关系,通过颈动脉超声检查可预诊冠心病的存在。     

颈动脉粥样斑块及内中膜厚度与冠心病的关系

目的:探讨颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)以及粥样斑块发生率情况与冠心病的关系.方法:采用冠状动脉造影术筛选冠心病及非冠心病组,对114例经选择性冠状动脉造影检查的患者行颈动脉超声检查,测量IMT以及观察粥样斑块发生率情况.结果:对照组及冠心病组IMT为0.67±0.10 mm及 0.85±0.26 mm,斑块发生率为10%(4/40)及63.5%(47/74),组间相比均具有显著性差异,P<0.001,以IMT≥0.85mm及/或出现粥样斑块来预测冠心病,特异性85%,敏感性71.6%,阳性预测率89.8%.结论:颈动脉与冠状动脉粥样硬化间存在着密切关系,通过颈动脉超声检查可预诊冠心病的存在.     

冠心病患者冠状动脉粥样硬化程度与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 探讨冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉硬化程度之间的关系.方法 选取2012年1月至2013年6月河北大学附属医院心内科治疗的冠心病患者350例,依据冠状动脉造影结果将患者分为冠心病组和非冠心病组,其中冠心病组260例,非冠心病组90例;依据造影结果将冠心病组患者进行再次分组,其中单支病变组113例,双支病变组89例,三支病变组58例.比较冠心病组及非冠心病组间及不同冠状动脉病变支数三组间的颈动脉内-中膜厚度（IMT）、斑块积分及Gensini评分;统计分析冠状动脉病变支数与以上观察指标的相关性.结果 冠心病组的颈动脉IMT、斑块积分、Gensini积分分别为（1.37±0.23）、（5.37±3.98）、（23.32±7.33）,均高于非冠心病组,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.双支病变组和三支病变组的斑块检出率为79.8％和81.0％,双支病变组及三支病变组患者颈动脉IMT分别为（1.31±0.21）mm和（1.37±0.27）mm,双支病变组和三支病变组患者的斑块检出率与颈动脉IMT值均高于单支病变组,三组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.冠状动脉病变支数与IMT、颈动脉斑块积分呈显著正相关;Gensini评分与IMT及颈动脉斑块积分呈显著正相关.结论 冠状动脉的粥样硬化程度随着患者的颈动脉粥样硬化程度的升高而加重,冠心病的严重程度可以通过颈动脉超声检测反映出来.     

陈旧性心肌梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化与危险因素的关系

为探讨陈旧性心肌梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化情况，对38例陈旧性心肌梗死患者的颈动脉内中膜厚度及斑块进行超声检测，与32例健康者作对照。结果发现，陈旧性心肌梗死患者的颈动脉内中膜厚度、斑块指数及斑块发生率明显高于对照组。多因素回归分析显示，年龄、总胆固醇、收缩压与颈动脉内中膜厚度密切相关。     

外周血管动脉粥样硬化对年轻冠心病患者的预测意义

目的探讨外周血管颈动脉、股动脉粥样硬化对年轻冠状动脉性心脏病（冠心病）的预测作用。方法根据冠状动脉造影结果将58例≤40岁的患者分为冠心病组（37例）和非冠心病组（21例）,采用高分辨彩色多普勒超声同时检查颈动脉、股动脉,分别测量颈动脉内膜-中层厚度（carotid intima media thickness,CIMT）、股动脉内膜-中层厚度（femoral intima media thickness．FIMT）,以内膜-中层厚度（intima media thickness,IMT）≥1．2mm为粥样硬化斑块。比较两组的CIMT、FIMT及斑块检出率．计算斑块对年轻冠心病的预测值。结果冠心病组CIMT、FIMT高于非冠心病组[（1．36±0．51）mm比（0．84±0．38）mm,P〈0．05：（1．48±0．84）mm比（0.74±0．26）mm．P〈0．05]．冠心病组颈动脉、股动脉粥样硬化斑块形成检m牢均明显高于非冠心病组．差异有统计意义i62ck（23／37）比9．5％（2／21）．P〈0．05;57％（21／37）比14％（3／21）,P〈0．05]。颈动脉、股动脉粥样硬化斑块预测年轻冠心病的敏感性分别为62％、57％,特异性为90％、86％,阳性预测值分别为92％、88％,阴性预测值为58％、53％：颈动脉、股动脉联合检测未见明显提高预测值。结论外周血管颈动脉、股动脉粥样硬化与年轻冠心病相关,颈动脉、股动脉粥样硬化斑块对年轻冠心病患者均有预测作用,其特异性、阳性预测值均较高．     

Ultrasound screening of multifocal atherosclerosis: markers for coronary heart disease

Background and Objective The frequency of multifocal atherosclerosis (MFA) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) has not been thoroughly studied. The purpose of our study was to perform ultrasound screening for MFA in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and make evaluation of the sensitivity and significance of different atherosclerosis markers. Methods Using Color Dupplex Ultrasound (CDU), we studied 32 clinically healthy persons and 87 patients of the city of B with clinical data for CHD where we also performed coronarography. Results In patients with coronary atherosclerosis we found high frequency of carotid atherosclerosis (93%) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) (81%). We established verifiable thickening of the intima-media (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) and common femoral artery (CFA) in patients with CHD. There is a correlation between the frequency of carotid and femoral stenoses and CHD proven by coronarography. Patients with CHD had a high relative risk to develop carotid (RR = 5) and peripheral atherosclerosis (RR=3.5) and high frequency of asymptomatic stenoses and thromboses of the internal carotid artery (86.9%) and femoral artery (78.3%), as well as aneurisms of the abdominal aorta (8.1%). Markers for CAD with high sensitivity were the atherosclerotic plaques of ICA (0.93) and CFA (0.81) as well as IMT of the CFA (0.84). Conclusions MFA are common among patients with CHD. Ultrasound diagnosis is the method of choice for simultaneous non-invasive screening of carotid, peripheral and MFA and provides sensitive markers for coronary atherosclerosis. The most sensitive and specific markers for CHD are the combination of the IMT and atherosclerotic plaques of CCA, ICA and CFA (100% sensitivity and 0.92 specificity).     

The role of ultrasonography of the peripheral arteries in diagnosing coronary artery disease

Atherosclerosis develops simultaneously in multiple arterial beds, that creates opportunity to diagnose of coronary artery disease. Aim of the study was the evaluation of association between atherosclerotic involvement of peripheral arteries assessed by ultrasound and significant coronary artery disease revealed by angiography. Study included 410 patients, (73% males), mean age 56.0 +/- 9.5 year scheduled for coronary angiography. During ultrasound examination of common carotid and common femoral arteries arterial wall intima-media (IMT) thickness and atherosclerotic plaques presence were assessed. Significant coronary artery disease (CAD) was diagnosed with coronary angiography as diameter stenosis > 50%. Intimo-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid arteries did not differ between groups with and without significant coronary artery disease (right 6.6 vs 6.4 mm, p = ns, left 6.9 vs 6.6 mm, p = ns) but in common femoral arterial was greater in patients with coronary artery disease (right 8.2 vs 7.1 mm, p < 0.005, left 7.9 vs 7.1 mm, p = 0.03). Atherosclerotic plaques in carotid and femoral arteries was detected more often in CAD patients (90.1% vs 34.6%, p < 0.0001). Positive predictive value for CAD diagnosis with detection of plaque in carotid or femoral artery was 93% and negative prognostic value for exclusion CAD after plaque exclusion in all arteries was 61%. Search for atherosclerotic plaques in ultrasound examination of peripheral arteries may facilitate CAD diagnosis in selected patients groups.     

锡伯族和汉族冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化及冠状动脉病变对比分析

目的 对比分析锡伯族、汉族冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化及冠状动脉病变情况.方法 对经冠状动脉造影明确的48例锡伯族、57例汉族冠心病患者和50例正常对照者均行颈动脉超声检查,比较各组间颈动脉内膜中膜厚度、斑块的发生率及冠状动脉病变的Gensini积分.结果 锡伯族、汉族冠心病患者内膜中膜厚度及颈动脉斑块的发生率均高于正常对照者(1.1±0.3 mm和1.0±0.1 mm比0.6±0.2 mm、88.3%和77.2%比38.0%,P<0.05),但锡伯族与汉族间比较没有统计学差异(P>0.05);锡伯族患者冠状动脉病变支数少于汉族(1.82±0.24比2.54±0.31, P<0.05),冠状动脉病变的Gensini积分也明显低于汉族(8.23±1.35比15.84±2.68,P<0.05),且冠状动脉病变支数越多,锡伯族、汉族冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度越重.结论 锡伯族和汉族冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化情况均重于正常对照者,但锡伯族和汉族间比较没有统计学意义;锡伯族和汉族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变存在差异,且锡伯族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变严重程度低于汉族;通过颈动脉内膜中膜厚度的程度可预测冠状动脉病变的存在及严重程度.     

Interrelation between the extent of atherosclerosis in the thoracic aorta, carotid intima-media thickness and the extent of coronary artery disease

Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery and atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta have been shown to correlate with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study compares the relation between wall changes in the thoracic aorta and the carotid arteries and the angiographic severity and extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries in patients with verified CAD. Atherosclerotic wall changes in the carotid arteries and the thoracic aorta were measured by B-mode ultrasonography and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), respectively, in 37 subjects aged 65+/-10 years with angiographically verified CAD. The mean value of the common carotid IMT of the right and left sides was 0.87+/-0.21 mm. All subjects had carotid plaques. TEE detected grades II-IV atherosclerotic plaques in the thoracic aorta in 32 of the 37 (86%) patients. A significant correlation was seen between the extent of coronary artery stenosis and aortic plaques score (r=0.46, p=0.008). Mean carotid IMT was also significantly correlated with coronary artery stenosis extent score (r=0.44, p=0.007). Moreover, a significant correlation was seen between the aortic plaque score and the mean carotid IMT (r=0.39, p=0.02). In conclusion, we found a clear and significant relationship between wall changes in the thoracic aorta, common carotid IMT and the angiographic extent of coronary artery stenosis in patients with severe CAD. These findings indicate a potential of B-mode ultrasonography of the carotid arteries and transesophageal echocardiographic aortic examination in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with suspected CAD.     

冠心病病人冠状动脉与颈动脉粥样硬化相关分析

目的 探讨冠心病病人颈动脉与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法 冠心病病人122例，经冠状动脉造影确诊，用颈动脉超声检测颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度（intima-media thickness，IMT）及粥样硬化程度。结果 病人病变冠状动脉支数分组间，IMT、颈动脉斑块积分和斑块发生率的差异有统计学意义。冠状动脉病变支数与IMT相关（r=0.73），与颈动脉斑块积分相关（r=0.67）。冠状动脉造影积分与IMT相关（r=0.69），与颈动脉斑块积分相关（r=0.68）。结论 冠心病病人颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化呈正相关，颈动脉病变可间接反映冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度。     

Carotid and femoral atherosclerotic lesions in patients with coronary heart disease confirmed by angiography

INTRODUCTION: Clinically evident atherosclerosis is preceded by preclinical changes in the arterial wall. These changes are characterised by increased thickness of the intima-media complex (IMT). AIMS: A complex ultrasound assessment of the peripheral vessels as well as an attempt to find ultrasound parameters correlating with the burden of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries. METHODS: 231 patients who underwent both coronary angiography and ultrasound examination of the following arteries: common carotid artery (CCA), carotid bulb and common femoral artery (CFA) were enrolled. The IMT value, presence of plaque and Doppler blood flow parameters were evaluated. Selected clinical and biochemical risk factors of atherosclerosis were assessed. Two groups of patients were analysed: 200 patients with coronary artery disease confirmed by angiography (study group), and 31 patients with normal coronary arteries (control group). RESULTS: Significantly higher values of the IMT in the peripheral arteries were observed in patients with coronary artery lesions than in those without (CCA - 0.91 vs 0.61 mm, carotid bulb -- 1.31 vs 0.67 mm, CFA -- 1.38 vs 0.63 respectively, p<0.0001). Atherosclerotic plaques were present only in patients with coronary artery disease. Additionally, IMT values of the CCA, carotid bulb and CFA were significantly higher in patients with severe coronary artery disease (three vessel disease) than in patients with lesions in one or two coronary arteries. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with coronary lesions present with increased IMT values and higher plaque occurrence. Complex ultrasound evaluation of different peripheral arteries (CCA, carotid bulb and CFA) may be used as part of the cardiovascular risk stratification.