深板层角膜移植术治疗角膜疾病的临床分析

目的评价深板层角膜移植术治疗某些角膜疾病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院16例（16眼）罹患角膜疾病但内皮细胞功能正常而行深板层角膜移植者,对所有病例随访6月-2年,观察术后视力、角膜移植片的透明性、角膜上皮完整性及术中术后并发症的情况。结果术后有7眼最佳矫正视力达0．4或0．4以上,5眼达0．1～0．3,4眼达0．05～0．1。角膜移植片透明者9眼,半透明者7眼。主要并发症为术中后弹力层微穿孔6眼,其中3眼术后形成植片轻度水肿,角膜层间少量积液;持续性上皮缺损2眼;真菌性角膜溃疡复发1眼,移植排斥反应1眼,经积极治疗,并发症得到控制,取得良好疗效。结论深板层角膜移植术治疗内皮功能正常的角膜疾病疗效确切,严格掌握手术适应证、提高手术技巧是提高手术成功率的关键。     

深板层角膜移植术

深板层角膜移植术（DLKP）是一种完全去除病变的角膜基质组织直至暴露后弹力层，再移植供体角膜组织的手术方法，适用于所有未累及后弹力层和内皮的角膜疾病。目前有多种DLKP手术方法，该手术具有穿通性角膜移植术和板层角膜移植术的优点，同时避免了两者的缺点。本文综述深板层角膜移植术的适应证、手术方法进展、并发症、优点及联合手术。     

深板层角膜移植治疗角膜病的临床观察

目的：评价深板层角膜移植治疗角膜病的效果。

方法：回顾行深板层角膜移植术患者5例6眼。使用新鲜同种异体角膜3例,进行角膜巩膜缘的大植片移植,用于蚕蚀性角膜溃疡1例2眼,边缘性角膜变性1例1眼。使用保存角膜3例,进行单纯前部深板层角膜移植,用于单疱病毒性角膜炎后角膜深层斑翳2例2眼,角膜皮样瘤1例1眼。术后随访18mo,观察术后视力、植片透明度和术后并发症情况。

结果：术前视力：HM/眼前～0.06。随访5眼最佳矫正视力明显提高(0.2～0.5),1眼植片中度混浊,视力(0.05)稍有提高。

结论：深板层角膜移植治疗角膜病具有较好疗效,容易在基层医院开展。     

深板层角膜移植临床观察

目的 观察深板层角膜移植术的临床疗效及并发症.方法 用甘油冷保存角膜对病变角膜行深板层角膜移植术15例(15眼)并对其疗效进行观察分析.术后随访l4～18个月.结果 术后矫正视力0.08者1眼,0.12～0.25者4眼,0.3～0.5者6眼,≥0.6者4眼.1周内角膜植片透明11眼,2周内植片透明3眼,后弹力层固有皱褶角膜半透明1眼.术后1眼病毒性角膜炎复发角膜愈合成斑翳.其余未发现角膜排斥反应.结论 深板层角膜移植术为治疗角膜病变是一种有效的方法,术后视力较好、并发症较少、对供体材料条件要求较低.     

深板层角膜移植术

深板层角膜移植术(DLKP)是一种完全去除病变的角膜基质组织直至暴露后弹力层,再移植供体角膜组织的手术方法,适用于所有未累及后弹力层和内皮的角膜疾病。目前有多种DLKP手术方法,该手术具有穿通性角膜移植术和板层角膜移植术的优点,同时避免了两者的缺点。本文综述深板层角膜移植术的适应证、手术方法进展、并发症、优点及联合手术。     

深板层内皮角膜移植术

目前穿透性角膜移植术 (ｐｅｎｅｔｒａｔｉｎｇｋｅｒａｔｏｐｌａｓｔｙ ,ＰＫＰ)是角膜内皮失代偿眼复明的惟一治疗方法。尽管ＰＫＰ技术在不断改进 ,但术后角膜免疫排斥反应、上皮脱落、不规则散光及缝线等相关问题仍然是临床上影响患者视力恢复的棘手问题。近年来出现了深板层角膜移植手术 ,即深板层内皮角膜移植术 (ｄｅｅｐｌａｍｅｌｌａｒｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｋｅｒａｔｏｐｌａｓｔｙ ,ＤＬＥＫ)或后板层角膜移植术 (ｐｏｓｔｅｒｉｏｒｌａｍｅｌｌａｒｋｅｒａｔｏｐｌａｓｔｙ ,ＰＬＫ)或内皮板层角膜移植术 (ｅｎｄｏｔｈ…     

深板层角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜溃疡

目的评价深板层角膜移植术治疗药物难以控制的真菌性角膜炎的手术时机及效果。方法临床确诊为真菌性角膜炎（病灶均非全层）86例（86眼）行深板层角膜移植术，观察术后复发率、角膜植片透明率及角膜植片免疫排斥反应等情况。结果86例中治愈80例，成功率为93．02％；随访观察6～24月，植片全部透明，矫正视力为0．2～0．6。6例复发，复发率为6．98％。结论深板层角膜移植术是一种对抗真菌药物治疗无效的真菌性角膜炎有效的术式，具有及时控制感染和复明的作用。     

深板层角膜移植术治疗圆锥角膜疗效观察

目的:评价深板层角膜移植治疗圆锥角膜的效果。方法:采用深板层角膜移植术治疗132例140眼圆锥角膜,对其疗效进行观察分析。术后随访6～48mo。结果:术后矫正视力0.2～0.4者13例14眼,～0.8者92例96眼,>0.8者27例30眼,发生排斥反应5眼,植片透明131例139眼,半透明1例1眼,8眼出现后弹力层皱褶。结论:深板层角膜移植术具有并发症少,能减少内皮型排斥反应的发生,术后视力好,且对供体材料要求较低等优点,为治疗圆锥角膜提供了安全有效的选择。     

共焦显微镜指导深板层角膜移植治疗真菌性角膜炎临床观察

目的 评价共焦显微镜在临床指导深板层角膜移植治疗真菌性角膜炎的应用价值.方法 (1)观察2006年1月至2008年5月行深板层角膜移植治疗的真菌性角膜炎52例,所有患者术前均通过共焦显微镜全角膜扫描对真菌在角膜内的生长方式及浸润深度、范围作判断.(2)所有患者均行深板层角膜移植,术中植床板层剥离尽可能达到或接近后弹力层,角膜植片采用无水甘油冷冻保存角膜.(3)术后3、7、14、28d常规共焦显微镜观察角膜植片愈合情况及有无真菌感染复发.结果 52例患者术前共焦显微镜检查46例为真菌在角膜内水平生长,6例为真菌在角膜内斜型或垂直生长且局限于角膜的中浅层,术后真菌感染复发2例,术后3月最佳矫正视力≥0.3者46例占92%.结论 共焦显微镜对深板层角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜炎手术适应证的选择、预后判断及术后早期发现真菌感染复发具有重要的指导价值.     

深板层与穿透性角膜移植术后角膜内皮细胞密度的比较研究

目的研究穿透性角膜移植术(Penetrating keratoplasty,PKP)和深板层角膜移植术(Deeplamellar keratoplasty,DLKP)术后不同时间角膜内皮细胞密度(Endothelial cell density,ECD)的变化情况,以明确这两种术式对移植术后角膜内皮细胞变化的影响。方法采用非接触角膜内皮显微镜(Specular microscopy)及细胞图像分析系统(I MAGEnet2000)连续采集分析17例穿透性角膜移植及13例板层角膜移植术角膜内皮细胞情况,观察术后患者1、3、6、12及24个月时的角膜内皮细胞变化情况。并对结果进行统计学分析。结果17例(眼)PKP术前供体的角膜内皮细胞平均密度为(3390.4±259.5)个/mm2,术后1个月为(3073.7±392.1)个/mm2,术后3个月为(2834.0±456.1)个/mm2,术后6个月为(2591.2±366.7)个/mm2,术后12个月为(2180.6±250.8)个/mm2,术后24个月为(1820.5±198.2)个/mm2。13例(眼)DLKP术前患者健眼的内皮细胞平均密度为(3442.7±178.7)个/mm2,术后1个月为(3224.3±315.4)个/mm2,术后3个月为(3062.2±277.2)个/mm2,术后6个月为(2978.3±287.3)个/mm2,术后12个月为(2968.3±312.9)个/mm2,术后24个月为(2888.5±296.7)个/mm2。结论深板层角膜移植内皮细胞丢失速率较穿透性角膜移植小,术后细胞存活数目较穿透性角膜移植多。     

Lamellar excimer laser keratoplasty: Reproducible photoablation of corneal tissue

We examined the depth of ablation of the recipient bed with different counts of oscillations of excimer laser beam, to determine the correlation between planned and real depth. The ablation rate per oscillation was tested preoperatively by blackened photographic paper of defined thickness and thus was calculated to be 5 m. Forty pig eyes were used for the first study. Each eight eyes were ablated in the planned depth 100 m, 200 m, 300 m, 400 m and 500 m. The corneal thickness was measured with an ultrasonic pachymeter before and after the procedure. The depth measured after the photoablation was 99.4 ± 36.4 m for 100 m planned depth, 186.7 ± 55.3 m for 200 m, 298.4 ± 68.5 m for 300 m, 373.9 ± 65.7 m for 400 m and 480.1 ± 59.3 m for 500 m. Comparing the depth measured after the photoablation to planned depth, there was a significant correlation (correlation coefficient: R = 0.93; p < 0.0001). Five other corneas trephinated from pig cadaver eyes were ablated from the endothelial side to the desired thickness (100 to 500 m) of lamellar graft. In a second step a donor mask was placed onto the cornea and a laser light spot was led until perforating on all sides. The lamellar keratoplasty was completed by suturing the corneal graft into the bed. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of sutured eyes after fixation showed a good fit of wound margins and stromal interface. These results indicate that excimer laser is useful for reproducible corneal photoablation in lamellar keratoplasty.     

高危角膜移植48眼临床分析

目的为提高高危角膜移植的成功率。方法对由于感染、化学伤、热灼伤等原因造成角膜广泛坏死、穿孔或全角膜葡萄肿４０例４８只眼,进行全角膜或带巩膜环的全角膜移植进行回顾性总结。结果随访半年至三年半,４８只眼中,有１３只眼角膜植片维持半透明或部分半透明,有１６只眼视力≥０．０５,导致角膜植片混浊的主要原因为排斥反应（５４．３％）和旧病复发（２８．８％）等。结论高危角膜移植目前仍是挽救眼前节严重病变重要与有效的方法     

应用冷冻保存角膜行板层角膜移植实验及临床应用研究

报告应用冷冻保存的角膜，行板层角膜移植的动物实验及临床应用结果。对4只家兔应用冷冻保存3个月的角膜行板层角膜移植，术后3个月取兔角膜行光镜及电镜检查，发现植片与植床愈合良好，上皮层次清楚。临床应用15例病人，原发病均控制，植片透明愈合，无一例发生感染。     

板层角膜移植术后全层角膜组织改变的共焦显微镜观察

目的研究活体扳层角膜移植术后角膜各层组织的共焦显微镜(confocal microscopy)形态学改变，方法应用Confoscan 2.0共焦显微镜对板层角膜移植术后3月～3年，角膜植片稳定的患者共17例17眼，进行扫描检查，记录与分析各层角膜图像。结果共焦显微镜上能够清楚地观察到稳定角膜的上皮细胞、基底层细胞、前弹力层，它们同正常角膜的相应细胞在图像上没有显著差别。但植片与植床的基质细胞在共焦显微镜图像上有着明显的差异。板层角膜移植术后稳定角膜植片的基质细胞，细胞核较小呈中等反光，排列较植床的基质细胞紊乱。而角膜植床的基质细胞，细胞核较大也呈中等反光，排列较植片的基质细胞稍整齐，结论1、Confoscan 2.0共焦显微镜可活体检查，板层角膜移植术后角膜组织结构和细胞的病理改变。2、板层角膜移植术后可成功的重建眼表。3、活体板层角膜移植术后稳定角膜上有自体角膜基质细胞与异体的角膜基质细胞同时共存，角膜内发细胞的形态结构正常。4、角膜板层间的不平滑与植片基质细胞结构紊乱可能是导致板层角膜移植术后视力不佳的重要原因。     

Anterior Segment Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To review the current literature regarding optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) applications in the anterior segment.

Methods: A literature search was performed for terms including OCT-Angiography, anterior segment, cornea, conjunctiva, iris, applications and use in ophthalmology.

Results: Fifteen studies were identified, 14 in human subjects. Studies with OCT-A of the conjunctiva, episclera, cornea, and iris were identified, some with normal eyes imaged and others with various pathologies. Most of these studies imaged corneal neovascularization. Three studies described protocols used for image acquisition, one of which was referenced by two later papers.

Conclusions: OCT-A is a noninvasive technology with recent applications in the anterior segment. Several pilot studies have been performed on various anterior segment structures and disease states however standardization of image acquisition techniques is still needed. Future imaging could allow noninvasive and serial monitoring of pathology as well as recurrence after therapeutic intervention.     

Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty Using Irradiated Acellular Cornea with Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for Intractable Ocular Surface Diseases

Purpose

To report the clinical outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) when sterile gamma-irradiated acellular corneal tissues (VisionGraft) are used in combination with amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for intractable ocular surface diseases.

Methods

The medical records of fifteen patients who had DALK with AMT were retrospectively reviewed. Indications for surgery included ocular burn, bacterial keratitis, herpes simplex virus keratitis, corneal opacity with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Mooren''s ulcer, idiopathic myxoid degeneration of corneal stroma, and recurrent band keratopathy. DALK was performed using partial-thickness acellular corneal tissue and a temporary amniotic membrane patch was added at the end of the operation.

Results

All cases that underwent DALK with AMT became epithelialized within 2 postoperative weeks. Twelve patients showed favorable outcomes without graft rejection, corneal opacification, or neovascularization. The other three grafts developed corneal opacification and neovascularization, and required additional penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Unlike the results of previous PKs, there were no graft rejections and the graft clarity was well-maintained in these three cases for at least 8 months after PK.

Conclusions

DALK using sterile acellular corneal tissues in combination with AMT may be a good therapeutic strategy for treating intractable ocular surface diseases because of lowered immune rejection, fibroblast activation, and facilitation of epithelialization. Furthermore, DALK can help stabilize the ocular surface, prolong graft survival, and may allow better outcomes when combined with subsequent PK.     

Anterior Synechiolysis with Healon Needle and Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices after Anterior Lamellar Dissection in Penetrating Keratoplasty

Purpose: We described a technique to perform anterior synechiolysis with a healon needle and Viscoat® ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) through anterior lamellar dissection in penetrating keratoplasty. Methods: OVDs were gently injected between iridocorneal adhesions with a healon needle to make a blunt dissection after anterior lamellar corneal dissection. Anterior synechiolysis at 360 degrees was completed with a healon needle and OVDs. Subsequently, the deep corneal lamella was cut with right and left Troutman-Katzin corneal scissors. 24 interrupted sutures were made with 10-0 nylon suture to implant the donor cornea. Results: In two eyes from two patients, with corneal opacity and nearly total anterior synechiae, clear grafts and relatively deep anterior chambers were achieved. Penetrating keratoplasty with anterior synechiolysis was thus successful with a healon needle and OVDs through lamellar dissection. Conclusions: Anterior synechiolysis with a healon needle and OVDs through lamellar dissection is a safe and efficient technique for keratoplasty in patients with corneal opacity with anterior synechiae.