现役武警官兵对上呼吸道感染健康教育需求的调查与分析

目的 了解上海总队现役武警官兵健康教育需求情况,为部队官兵健康教育内容和方向提供科学依据。 方法 采用自行设计问卷,内容包括一般情况,上呼吸道感染的健康知识掌握情况,健康教育需求,喜闻乐见的健康教育方式等,调查1840名现役武警官兵。 结果 多数现役武警官兵对上呼吸道感染的诱因、传播方式、高发季节、预防措施等只知其一,不知其二。健康教育需求迫切,最喜欢网络式的健康教育方法。 结论 现役武警官兵对常见疾病--上呼吸道感染部分知识缺乏,需加强常见病知识教育,提高官兵常见疾病知识水平,可通过形式多样的健康教育方式,提高官兵的健康意识。     

生活方式和遵医用药对高血压患者的影响

目的了解高血压患者的生活方式和用药情况,分析影响患者遵医用药的原因。方法调查分析122例高血压患者的遵医用药和生活方式。结果影响患者遵医用药的因素分别是：文化程度、经济状况、病程长短、测血压频率等;有76％患者存在不良的生活方式。结论护士应针对性地对高血压患者进行相关知识的健康教育,不断提高患者的遵医行为,改变不良生活习惯,建立健康的生活方式。     

急性上呼吸道感染患儿家长疾病认知及用药习惯调查分析

目的:了解急性上呼吸道感染患儿家长对疾病的认知情况及用药习惯.方法:采用自编的调查问卷对我院儿科门诊150例急性上呼吸道感染患儿家长进行疾病认知及用药习惯调查分析.结果:68.9%患儿家长认为感冒应使用抗生素,81.2%家长不了解解热镇痛药物的应用时机,63.0%家长认为静脉输液疗效好且快.结论:患儿家长对急性上呼吸道感染疾病认知存在误区,滥用抗生素和感冒药情况较为严重,静脉输液用药过多.应对家长开展健康教育,保证患儿用药安全.     

某部基层官兵身心健康状况调查分析

目的了解基层官兵身心健康现状,为下一步对基层官兵开展健康教育、搞好为兵服务和健康教育工作提供依据及方向。方法采用问卷调查法对某部338名基层官兵进行身心健康状况调查,问卷采用自行设计的身心健康状况调查表。结果基层官兵健康知识与行为得分(11.91±2.64)分(满分17分);身心状况自评得分(22.42±4.98)分(满分33分);身心健康调查总得分为(34.34±5.97)分(满分50分)。健康知识与行为和身心状况之间有明显正相关关系(r=0.253,P0.01)。315人(97.8%)在生活中会出现健康问题,其中肌肉关节酸痛228人(70.8%)、注意力不集中186人(57.8%)、偶尔轻度腹泻169人(52.5%)。结论基层官兵健康知识掌握一般,健康行为存在问题,亚健康状况较为突出,应加强基层官兵健康知识的普及,采用多方式进行干预指导,以提高身体素质,预防慢性病发生。     

高血压患者遵医用药行为调查

为了解高血压患者遵医用药行为及用药知识掌握和要求情况,对120例患者进行调查,结果显示被调查人群遵医用药行为不佳,缺乏高血压用药知识,应对这人类人群进行有针对性的健康教育。     

高血压患者遵医用药行为调查

为了解高血压患者遵医用药行为及用药知识掌握和要求情况，对120例患者进行调查，结果显示被调查人群遵医用药行为不佳，缺乏高血压用药知识，应对这人类人群进行有针对性的健康教育。     

常见小儿上呼吸道感染不合理用药分析

对常见小儿上呼吸道感染（简称上感）不合理用药分析如下。     

社区老年人安全用药情况调查与建议

目的 调查社区老年人用药情况,给予安全用药指导,避免出现用药相关问题,以最大程度保障老年人用药安全.方法 自制问卷调查表,对372位60～82岁社区老年人用药情况、用药知识和用药行为等方面进行调查与分析.结果 社区老年人用药种类繁多,正在使用药物的人数占85.2%,人均用药5种.大多数老年人缺乏安全用药知识,其中掌握较差的内容依次为:多种药物合用易发生不良反应(42.5%)、应明确诊断后用药(40.9%)、密切观察用药后病情变化和反应(34.1%),用药后出现异常反应及时停药就诊(22.8%)及老年人用药特点(6.2%).在用药行为方面,老年人服药依从性较差,表现为经常改变服药时间、间隔或漏服(63.4%)、合并使用处方药与非处方药(60.5%)、停药太快或擅自停药(56.7%)、无医生诊断和处方自行在药房购药(53.5%).结论 社区老年人缺乏安全用药知识和存在不正确用药行为,易导致药物不良反应发生和影响药物治疗效果,提示社区护理人员应加强老年人安全用药知识与用药行为的教育与指导.     

学校教师安全用药知识调查分析

目的 通过问卷调查了解上海市某街道三个小学的教师安全用药知识与用药行为现状,为进行有针对性的健康教育提供依据。 方法 采用自行设计的问卷,对200名教师安全用药知识、用药行为现状与需求进行调查与分析。 结果 教师安全用药知识来源通过医生88.0％,药品说明书67.0％,药店药师推荐36.0％,电视、电台及报纸等媒体医疗广告36.0％,书刊、专业宣传册子17.0％,亲戚朋友介绍15.0％,通过护师11.0％;教师安全用药需求：需要安全用药咨询88.5％,提供用药知识85.5%,合理用药宣教68.5%,提供安全用药信息68.5%,开展有关专题讲座61.0%。结论 应加强对教师安全用药知识的宣传和指导,提供教师安全用药知识的需求。     

健康教育对老年人用药知识、态度和行为的影响

目的研究健康教育对老年人用药知识、态度和行为的影响。方法 300例老年人随机均分成干预组和对照组。干预组老年人进行健康知识教育,培养老年人的用药知识和用药态度及行为。对照组老年人不采取健康教育干预。结果通过5个月的健康教育干预,老年人的用药知识、用药态度和行为与对照组相比有明显的统计学差异。结论健康教育能增强老年人的用药知识,改善老年人的用药态度和行为。     

Antecedents of Severe and Nonsevere Medication Errors

Purpose: To investigate if differences in antecedents of severe and nonsevere medication errors exist.
Design: A longitudinal study of 6 months of data from 279 nursing units in 146 randomly selected hospitals in the United States (US).
Methods: Antecedents of severe and nonsevere medication errors included work environment factors (work dynamics and RN hours), team factors (communication with physicians and nurses' expertise), person factors (nurses' education and experience), patient factors (age, health status, and previous hospitalization), and medication-related support services. Generalized estimating equations with a negative binomial distribution were used with nursing units as the unit of analysis.
Findings: None of the antecedents allowed predicting both types of medication errors. Nurses' expertise had a negative and medication-related support services had a positive association with nonsevere medication errors. Nurses' educational level had a significant nonlinear relationship with severe medication errors only: As the percentage of unit BSN-prepared nurses increased, severe medication errors decreased until the percentage of BSN-prepared nurses reached 54%. In contrast, RN experience had a statistically significant relationship with nonsevere medication errors only and nursing units with more experienced nurses reported more nonsevere medication errors.
Conclusions: Severe and nonsevere medication errors might have different antecedents.
Clinical Relevance: Error prevention and management strategies should be targeted to specific types of medication errors for best results.     

Medication Discrepancies Identified at Time of Hospital Discharge in a Geriatric Population

Background

It has been reported that 14.1% of geriatric patients experience ≥1 medication discrepancies after hospitalization.

Objective

The goal of this study was to identify and characterize discharge medication list discrepancies among geriatric patients and to describe characteristics associated with discrepancies.

Methods

An institutional review board–approved retrospective review was conducted of patients aged ≥65 years discharged from hospitalist and internal medicine services at a large tertiary care hospital from August 2008 to December 2009. A random cohort of 200 patients was selected and categorized by age, gender, attending medical service, and the absence or presence of a pharmacist on the service. Medication lists were obtained from physician discharge summaries, discharge orders, and nursing discharge lists.

Results

A total of 1923 medication discrepancies were identified, consisting of 402 related to the absence or presence of a medication, 298 related to the dosage administered at one time, 223 related to the number of daily doses, and 1000 related to the route of administration. Physician discharge summaries contained the most medication discrepancies. There was no relationship between patient age and the number of medication discrepancies (r² = 0.006; P = 0.279), whereas there was a linear relationship between the number of medications and the number of discrepancies (r² = 0.249; P < 0.001). The internal medicine team with a pharmacist had a lower average number of discrepancies per patient compared with other medicine services that did not have a pharmacist present.

Conclusions

Medication discrepancies at the time of hospital discharge are a common occurrence for geriatric patients. Physician summaries might be the least reliable source of discharge medication lists. The number of discrepancies appears to not be associated with patient age, but rather with the number of medications at discharge. Discrepancies among medication lists are common, and the presence of a pharmacist may reduce the number that occur.     

Paramedic Self-Reported Medication Errors

Background. Continuing quality improvement (CQI) reviews reflect that medication administration errors occur in the prehospital setting. These include errors involving dose, medication, route, concentration, andtreatment. Methods. A survey was given to paramedics in San Diego County. The survey tool was established based on previous literature reviews andquestions developed based on previous CQI data. Results. A total of 352 surveys were returned, with the paramedics reporting a mean of 8.5 years of field experience. They work an average of 11.0 shifts/month with an average shift length of 25.4 hours and6.7 calls/shift. Thirty-two responding paramedics (9.1%) reported committing a medication error in the past 12 months. Types of errors included dose-related errors (63%), protocol errors (33%), wrong route errors (21%), andwrong medication errors (4%). Issues identified in contributing to the errors include failure to triple check, infrequent use of the medication, dosage calculation error, andincorrect dosage given. Fatigue, training, andequipment setup of the drug box were not listed as any of the contributing factors. The majority of these errors were self-reported to their CQI representative (79.1%), with 8.3% reported by the base hospital radio nurse, 8.3% found on chart review, and4.2% noted by the paramedic during the call but never reported. Conclusions. Nine percent of paramedics responding to an anonymous survey reported medication errors in the past 12 months, with 4% of these errors never having been reported in the CQI process. Additional safeguards must continue to be implemented to decrease the incidence of medication errors.     

Medication management by graduate nurses: before, during and following medication administration

The purpose of the present study was to explore graduate nurses' perceptions of their medication management activities in the acute care context. A qualitative research design with a semistructured interview schedule was used to elicit information from participants. The sampling population consisted of graduate nurses involved in direct patient care in medical and surgical wards of a Melbourne metropolitan teaching hospital, completing a graduate nurse program. Twelve graduate nurses participated in the interviews. Two major themes emerged: (i). monitoring medications and (ii). interventions for patient care. The findings indicate that graduate nurses are required to address several facets of the medication management role in their daily practice. It is pertinent to examine ward dynamics to ensure that graduate nurses have ready access to experienced health care professionals. Through collegial support, graduate nurses should also be encouraged to critically examine the different possibilities when making clinical judgments about monitoring patient medications.     

Intervening at the Intersection of Medication Adherence and Health Literacy

Medications play a prominent role in the treatment of many illnesses. Failing to adhere to prescribed medication regimens contributes to an array of poor health outcomes. In addition to the cost in terms of human suffering, the financial cost of medication nonadherence is staggering. Poor health literacy has been identified as a major cause of medication nonadherence. This paper focuses on nonadherence related to health literacy in the older adult population in the United States. Eight simple interventions to aid health care personnel in working with this population to improve adherence are provided.     

Family-Identified Barriers to Medication Reconciliation

PURPOSE.   This study aims to discover family-identified barriers to providing medication information, family ability to provide medication information, and family suggestions to improve the medication reconciliation process.
DESIGN AND METHODS.   One hundred families with a child with a chronic condition on daily-prescribed medication completed a 10-question survey .
RESULTS.   Families identified not knowing, forgetting, and ability to provide information as the main reasons for not bringing medication. Half of the families that did not bring medication could not provide complete information. Families wanted to be reminded multiple times in different ways .
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.   Many families are unable to provide complete medication information.