胰腺癌的外科治疗（附80例报告）

本文报告１９８９－１９９３年８０例胰腺癌中２７例外科切除治疗体会。肿瘤分期：Ⅰ期２例，Ⅱ期９例，Ⅲ期４８例，Ⅳ期１８例。胰头部癌７４例，胰体尾癌与全胰癌各３例，行胰十二指肠切除、体尾部切除、全胰切除者，分别为２２例、３例及２例，切除率３３．７５％。文章讨论了曩提高手术切除效果的因素：（１）早期诊断；（２）提高手术切除率；（３）防止手术并发症的措施。     

胰十二指肠切除术中改进胰肠吻合预防胰瘘（附9例报告）

目的 探讨胰十二指肠切除术中预防胰瘘的方法。方法 回顾分析我科9例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。采用胰空肠端端套入式吻合，辅助应用医用胶，主胰管内置入导管，留在空肠内，超过胆肠吻合口，胆总管内不放T形管。结果 9例患者术后无胰瘘、胆瘘，并发肺部感染1例，切口感染1例，术后随访无胆道梗阻、糖尿病。结论 此吻合法操作简便，吻合牢靠，胰液引流通畅，肠袢张力低，能较好地预防胰瘘的发生。     

胰十二指肠切除术预防胰瘘的临床研究(附102例Whipple术无胰瘘报告)

198 1年 12月～ 1999年 5月间 ,由作者主术胰十二指肠切除术 10 2例 ,采用如下综合措施重点预防胰瘘 :作好围手术期处理 ,固定有经验的医师主术 ,套迭吻合时内外两层缝线间严密不留间隙的缝合 ,套迭吻合内嵌胰管吻合 ,胰管支撑内、外引流 ,胆肠外引流 ,带蒂大网膜包裹吻合口 ,安放可靠的腹腔引流等。结果采用综合措施的 10 2例术后无1例发生胰瘘。作者认为综合措施有助于预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生 ,黄疸病例亦可争取一期胰十二指肠切除     

胰头癌扩大切除利弊的探讨

胰头癌根治术于 1935年由Ｗｈｉｐｐｌｅ首创 ,后人为纪念其贡献 ,把胰十二指肠切除术称为Ｗｈｉｐｐｌｅ手术 ,且沿用至今。胰头癌扩大切除含扩大胰十二指肠切除术及全胰切除术 ,分别讨论如下一、扩大胰十二指肠切除术又称区域性胰腺切除术 (ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｅｃｔｏ ｍｙ) ,由于临床上诊断的胰头癌多为进展期癌 ,部分病例癌肿又侵及周围血管 ,如门静脉、肝动脉等 ,因而切除率低。 195 1年Ｍｏｏｒｅ等报告合并门静脉切除的胰十二指肠切除 ,但一直未能广泛开展。 1973年Ｆｏｒｔｎｅｒ〔1〕提出区域性胰腺切除术以后 ,合…     

双层连续套入式胰肠吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的 对胰肠吻合缝合技术进行改进，预防胰漏的发生。方法 28例胰十二指肠吻合手术采用4-0 proene线双层连续胰肠套入式吻合。结果 双层连续胰肠套入式吻合时间平均11min，明显缩短了手术时间，全部病例均未出现胰肠吻合口漏，没有手术死亡。结论 双层连续套入式胰肠吻合，操作简便、省时、并发症少，是胰肠吻合术的一种有效改进。     

腹腔镜胰腺手术后胰瘘的防治体会

目的 探讨腹腔镜胰腺切除术后胰瘘(POPF)发生的原因及其处理.方法 我院2008年2月至2012年3月间施行腹腔镜胰腺手术25例,其中腔镜辅助下胰十二指肠切除术( LAPD) 10例,完全腹腔镜下胰体尾切除术(LDP)15例,术中及术后采取相应的胰瘘防治措施.结果 本组资料中发生POPF5例.胰瘘发生率为20％,其中胰瘘A级2例,胰瘘B级1例,胰瘘C级2例.5例患者均保守治疗而痊愈.结论 腹腔镜胰腺手术POPF发病率仍然较高.术中、术后对患者的恰当处理是减少POPF发生的关键.     

胰十二指肠切除术191例治疗体会

本报道我院1990年～2001年191例胰十二指肠切除术，无1例手术死亡，现就胰十二指肠切除术的术式选择、适应证及如何预防吻合口漏等进行分析讨论。     

胰十二指肠切除术胰瘘的预防

胰十二指肠切除术后发生胰瘘的相关因素较多 ,现将我们的诊治体会报告如下。资料和方法一、一般资料 :我院自 1990～ 2 0 0 0年 ,行胰十二指肠切除术37例 ,男 2 5例 ,女 12例 ,年龄 35～ 74岁 ,平均 5 6.2岁。胰头癌16例 ,胆总管下端癌 12例 ,十二指肠乳头癌 4例 ,壶腹癌 2例 ,胰头良性错构瘤 1例 ,胰头外伤横断 1例 ,十二指肠降部腺癌并十二指肠结肠瘘 1例。其中合并梗阻性黄疸 31例 ,就诊前黄疸持续时间 8～ 30ｄ ,上腹隐痛 14例 ,食欲低下、消瘦乏力 9例 ,黑便 3例 ,大便陶土样 6例 ,因合并胆系感染高热 3例 ,大便潜血阳性 6例 ,腹水 2例…     

胰十二指肠切除术中不同胰肠吻合方式的疗效比较

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术中不同胰肠吻合方法的疗效。方法回顾分析我科2000年1月至2006年9月施行56例胰十二指肠切除手术,比较不同胰肠吻合时间及相关并发症。结果18例反折式双层套入胰肠吻合发生胰漏3例、上消化道出血1例;11例袖套式单层套入胰肠吻合发生胰漏1例、上消化道出血1例;6例捆绑式胰肠吻合发生上消化道出血1例,无胰漏;21例胰管空肠黏膜吻合无胰漏及上消化道出血,手术时间缩短。结论胰管空肠黏膜吻合是一种简便、安全和有效的方法。     

腹腔镜胰腺癌根治术的热点与展望

随着微创技术的不断发展,腹腔镜手术已广泛应用于胰腺疾病的手术治疗中。相比于胰腺良性或低度恶性肿瘤,胰腺癌的手术治疗相对复杂,腹腔镜技术在胰腺癌手术治疗中的应用也相对滞后。近年来,腹腔镜技术在胰腺癌中的应用得到了长足的发展,腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术(LPD)及腹腔镜胰体尾切除术(LDP)逐步在胰腺癌根治术中开展应用,体现出了腹腔镜技术的微创优势,其安全性及有效性也得到了初步的证实。但目前仍需高质量的相关研究,促进腹腔镜技术在胰腺癌治疗的不断发展、成熟,为更多的胰腺癌患者带来益处。     

Laparoscopic Whipple procedure: review of the literature

Introduction  

Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery represents one of the most advanced applications for laparoscopic surgery currently in use. In the past, minimally invasive techniques were only used for diagnostic laparoscopy, staging of pancreatic cancer, and palliative procedures for unresectable pancreatic cancer. With new advances in technology and instrumentation, some sophisticated procedures are currently available, such as the Whipple procedure, one of the most sophisticated applications of minimally invasive surgery.     

Systematic Review of Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Resection

Background  Pancreatic resection is associated with a significant morbidity. Efforts to reduce hospital stay and enhance recovery have seen the introduction of minimally invasive surgical techniques. This article reviews the current published literature on the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive surgery of the pancreas. Methods  An electronic search of the PubMed and Embase databases was performed from 1996 to May 2008 to identify all relevant publications; studies meeting predefined inclusion criteria were retrieved and analyzed using a standardized protocol. Data on the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive surgery of the pancreas were recorded and analyzed. Results  Of 565 abstracts reviewed, 39 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion. There were 37 case series and two case control studies. Compared with open pancreatic surgery, minimally invasive pancreatic resection is similar in terms of morbidity and mortality. Blood loss and length of stay are decreased. Conclusions  Laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection and enucleation of insulinoma appear to be safe procedures with reduced hospital stay, though morbidity remains significant. The evidence for laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy is in its infancy, but the authors feel it is unlikely that many centers will achieve sufficient case load to make the introduction of minimally invasive resection feasible.     

Laparoscopic central pancreatectomy

BACKGROUND: The role of mini-invasive surgery in pancreatic surgery is still being debated. Indications and results are still controversial. Only a few centers in the world report on laparoscopic pancreatic resections. With the aim of improving the use of minimally invasive surgery, we have devised a novel laparoscopic procedure for surgical treatment of neuroendocrine tumor of the neck of the pancreas. METHODS: A central laparoscopic pancreatic resection was successfully performed. The pancreatic resection was performed using the harmonic scalpel. The duct was isolated and transected. The proximal duct stump was closed by an endoscopic stitch. The pancreaticojejunostomy was intracorporeally performed using a Roux-en-Y loop. RESULTS: Histologic findings showed a well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. Operating time was 330 minutes and blood loss 300 mL. The postoperative course was uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic central pancreatectomy is a feasible and safe procedure. The minimally invasive approach ensures an adequate treatment despite requiring the expertise of highly skilled laparoscopic surgeons.     

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??Consensus and controversy on clinical application of minimally invasive concepts and techniques in pancreatic surgery LI Fei, CAO Feng. Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053??China
Corresponding author: LI Fei, E-mail:feili36@ccmu.edu.cn
Abstract Nowadays, the concept of minimally invasive surgery has been widely accepted. In recent years, with the implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery, minimally invasive pancreatic surgery has progressed rapidly. In the treatment of late complications of acute pancreatitis, minimally invasive technique, represented by endoscopic and laparoscopic technique, have achieved great success and are consistently recommended by many guidelines. Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) and laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) have developed rapidly and the safety has been confirmed. Retrospective studies suggested the similarity in oncologic, short-term and long-term results between LPD or LDP and open surgery in treatment of pancreatic cancer. Although complicated, the development and application of minimally invasive concepts and technology are the general trend.     

微创理念与技术在胰腺外科临床应用的共识与争议

外科发展至今,微创理念已被广泛接受。近年来,随着加速康复外科的推行,微创胰腺外科技术进展迅速。在急性胰腺炎后期并发症的处理方面,以内镜、腹腔镜技术为代表的微创技术取得了巨大成功,获得相关指南一致推荐。腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术（LPD）及腹腔镜远端胰腺切除术（LDP）发展迅速,手术安全性已得到证实。回顾性研究提示,对胰腺癌行LPD或LDP,其肿瘤学及近远期疗效与开放手术相当。胰腺外科虽复杂,但微创理念与技术的发展、应用乃大势所趋。     

Recent advances in minimally invasive pancreatic surgery

For curative resection of pancreatic endocrine tumours, minimally invasive methods of pancreatic surgery, such as laparoscopy, should be indicated only for benign tumours. Among these uncommon tumours, pancreatic insulinomas are mostly benign and solitary. Successful management of patients with insulinomas relies on accurate localization of the tumour and the use of appropriate surgical techniques. Because of the small size of these tumours, conventional intraoperative ultrasonography combined with palpation has been widely regarded as the best localization procedure. Because contact ultrasonography, a new technique for localization of pancreatic lesions, can be used laparoscopically, several surgeons have used laparoscopy not only for localization, but also for resection of insulinomas. In the era of minimally invasive surgery for benign pancreatic lesions, we attempted laparoscopic-focused exploration of the pancreas for resecting insulinomas based on preoperative localization. We describe the use of this technique for the detection and resection of insulinomas and the results obtained, with a review of previous reports.     

Minimalinvasive Pankreastumorchirurgie

Introduction and purpose

Despite being technically challenging, minimally-invasive pancreatic surgery is increasingly being used to treat pancreatic diseases. Therefore, the evaluation of its oncological safety and its advantages arebecoming increasingly more important. This review focuses on these questions based on the currently available literature.

Material and methods

The technically less demanding laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy has been evaluated in numerous meta-analyses. Minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy has only been reported from a few centers worldwide.

Results and conclusion

Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery, in particular laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, is increasingly being used to treat pancreatic tumors. The advantages of laparoscopy, such as less intraoperative blood loss, reduced postoperative pain and a shorter length of stay have all been demonstrated in large trials. However, a sufficient oncological treatment was only assessed via indirect surrogate parameters, such as the number of lymph nodes obtained and R0 resection rates; therefore, larger prospective trials are needed to prove adequate oncological treatment. To date, minimally invasive techniques should only be employed in trials on treatment of pancreatic malignancies.     

Laparoscopic pancreatic resections

The feasibility of laparoscopic pancreatic resection has been demonstrated. However, the real clinical benefit for the patients remains questioned. The best indication for a laparoscopic approach appears to be the resection of benign or neuro-endocrine tumors without a need for pancreato-enteric reconstruction (i.e enucleation or distal pancreatectomy). The use of the laparoscopic approach for malignant tumors still remains controversial. The benefits of minimally invasive surgery are clearly correlated with the successful management of the pancreatic stump. Pancreatic related complication rate (fistula and collection) is 15% when using pancreatic transection with a laparoscopic endostappler.