Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层和急性冠状动脉综合征患者心电图分析

目的:研究Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层患者和急性冠状动脉综合征患者心电图表现的不同,为临床工作提供指导。方法:回顾我院Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层41例患者急性发病后、手术前心电图作为观察组,以急性冠状动脉综合征的50例患者作为对照组,比较两组患者心电图参数,寻找心电图的不同表现。结果:观察组患者存在QTc间期延长。进一步分析发现Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层患者QRS波较急性心肌梗死患者缩短,心肌复极时间(QTc-QRS)延长为主。比较Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层患者手术前后心脏彩超主动脉瓣上血流速度,术后患者血流速度减慢,后负荷减小,QTc间期缩短。结论:Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层患者存在QTc间期延长,其机制可能与心脏后负荷增加,心脏射血时间延长有关。以此为依据,计算心肌复极时间(QTc-QRS)可以作为鉴别诊断Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层患者和急性心肌梗死的辅助手段。     

Stanford A型夹层动脉瘤112例手术治疗体会

目的 提高Stanford A型夹层动脉瘤的治疗水平.方法 对112例Stanford A型夹层动脉瘤患者根据升主动脉受累部位分别采用直接升主动脉人造血管置换或David、Bentall 、Carbrol、 Wheat手术,主动脉弓部受累者置入带分支人工血管,胸降主动脉受累者同时行"象鼻"或"支架象鼻"手术.结果 110例手术顺利,术中出血200～1 600 ml,共植入人工血管123条;术中死亡2例.术后出现并发症22例,死亡3例.本组康复出院107例,术后2 a内复查无移植物感染、栓塞狭窄,均能行轻度体力劳动,心功能Ⅰ级85例,Ⅱ级22例.结论 手术是治疗Stanford A型夹层动脉瘤首选治疗方法,应根据累及部位选择不同术式,预防术中出血、缩短体外循环时间是手术成功的关键.     

保留主动脉根部及升主动脉后壁的新术式在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的应用及早期临床效果分析

目的：总结保留主动脉根部及升主动脉后壁的新术式治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的手术效果，并对早期临床效果进行分析。方法：回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年6月，新乡医学院第三附属医院及商丘市第一人民医院接受保留主动脉根部及升主动脉后壁的新术式治疗的28例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料，其中男20例，女8例，年龄30～74岁。患者夹层均未累及升主动脉后壁，所有患者均采用深低温体外循环下行保留主动脉根部及升主动脉后壁的外科新术式。结果：全组28例患者手术顺利，其中25例痊愈出院，2例术后因心包填塞死亡（死亡率7.1%）,1例术后因多器官衰竭自动放弃出院，术后随访22例，患者生命质量均较好，复查胸腹联合CTA均未发生内漏及再发夹层现象，术后主动脉瓣均无中到重度反流。结论：应用保留主动脉根部及升主动脉后壁的外科新术式治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层可以缩短手术时间、降低死亡率、简化手术方式等，具有较好的近期临床疗效，远期临床效果仍需要大量样本的跟踪及随访。     

改良式回顾性心电门控对老年Stanford A2、A3型主动脉夹层手术方式选择的指导价值

目的探讨改良式回顾性心电门控对老年Stanford A2、A3型主动脉夹层手术方式选择的指导价值。方法对10例经过主动脉CTA扫描确诊为Stanford A2、A3型主动脉夹层患者的iCT扫描参数及CTA表现进行分析。结果 8例经过改良的回顾性心电门控扫描的患者动脉管腔对比剂充盈良好,不仅能够准确定性,还能准确判断真假双腔及内膜破裂口的位置及主动脉瓣膜的受损情况。2例常规主动脉CTA扫描的患者主动脉管腔对比剂充盈较差,仅可显示主动脉夹层的存在,无法准确判断真假双腔及内膜破裂口。结论改良后的回顾性心电门控主动脉CTA扫描检查能够清楚显示Stanford A2、A3型主动脉夹层破裂口的位置及大小,对手术方式的选择有一定的指导价值。     

老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者一站式杂交手术临床效果观察

回顾性分析老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层一站式杂交手术78例患者的临床资料,结果显示Stanford A型主动脉夹层一站式杂交手术避免了深低温停循环,达到了升主动脉置换、全弓置换、象鼻支架置入术的近期效果,手术时间短,手术创伤小,近期效果好。     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层伴意识障碍8例临床分析

目的:探讨Stanford A型主动脉夹层合并意识障碍的治疗及预后。方法:回顾性分析8例Stanford A型主动脉夹层合并意识障碍患者的发病原因及临床表现、治疗及预后。结果:本组Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者意识障碍发病率达34.8%,意识障碍水平重且多伴严重高血压及多器官受损。结论:意识障碍与弓上血管血流动力学改变有关,通过积极的治疗意识障碍水平多能恢复,并为进一步治疗做准备。     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层外科治疗体会

目的探讨升主动脉及全弓替换加支架"象鼻"手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床应用价值。方法对11例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者在深低温停循环、低流量选择性脑灌注下手术,实施升主动脉及全弓替换+支撑型人工血管"象鼻"手术3例,主动脉根部替换(Bentall术)及全弓替换+支撑型人工血管"象鼻"手术8例。结果全组平均主动脉阻断时间(102.65±22.31)分,体外循环时间(159.09±34.25)分,选择性脑灌注时间(26.10±12.83)分。无手术死亡病例。手术并发症有:多脏器功能衰竭1例;二次开胸止血2例;暂时意识障碍2例。出院前复查全主动脉CT,降主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大,升主动脉及弓部人工血管血流通畅,主动脉管壁结构恢复。结论升主动脉及全弓替换加支架"象鼻"手术是治疗急性与慢性Stanford A型主动脉夹层安全、有效的方法。     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的探讨急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的急诊外科治疗经验。方法分析急诊手术治疗16例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层。按主动脉根部术式,分为Bentall术7例,单纯升主动脉置换术3例,David+升主动脉置换术2例,全弓置换术+支架象鼻术4例。涉及主动脉弓部手术患者采用深低温停循环,选择性脑灌注。结果全组16例手术患者,围手术期并发急性肾功能衰竭3例,胸腔积液2例,呼吸功能不全2例,住院死亡2例,均死于术后并发急性肾功能衰竭,1例经过透析治愈,无手术死亡,无精神症状发生,无二次开胸止血。生存出院者随防0.5～8年,期间失防3例,晚期死亡1例,余生活质量良好。结论急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层及时准确作出诊断,准确掌握手术适应证,积极手术治疗,术中采用最佳术式及合适的脑保护,术后及时处理并发症,可以取得良好的效果。     

支架象鼻开窗简化手术在治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的临床分析

摘要：目的：研究支架象鼻开窗简化手术在治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的临床效果。方法：选取2010年1月-2017年1月于我院就诊的急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者78例,按照治疗方法的不同,分为观察组与对照组,各组均为39例。观察组患者采用简化全弓置换加支架象鼻手术进行治疗,对照组患者采用全弓置换术加支架象鼻手术进行治疗,对比两组患者的临床疗效。结果：两组患者的手术均顺利完成,手术过程中均无患者死亡。观察组患者的体外循环时间、阻断时间、机械通气时间、ICU停留时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组患者（P<0.05）;观察组患者术后并发症发生率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：采用支架象鼻开窗简化手术治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层,能够缩短患者的体外循环时间、阻断时间、机械通气时间、ICU停留时间,降低术后并发症发生率,近期临床治疗效果较好。     

主动脉大血管病14例的诊治分析

目的探讨主动脉病变的治疗效果。方法收集2008年6月—2010年6月在我院治疗的主动脉病变的患者,其中2例主动脉瘤,4例Stanford B型夹层,2例Stanford A型夹层行体外循环下手术治疗,6例Standford B型夹层行介入支架下主动脉夹层腔内隔绝治疗;结果均顺利治愈出院,没有神经系统的并发症,没有下肢的功能障碍,其中体外循环下手术的患者有2例出现肾功能不全,经过透析治愈。结论主动脉大血管病变积极手术治疗,效果好。     

床旁经胸超声心动图在急性主动脉夹层Stanford细化分型中的应用价值

目的:本文旨在评价床旁经胸超声心动图在急性主动脉夹层(aortic dissection,AD)Stan-ford细化分型中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析经手术证实的52例急性主动脉夹层患者,男性35例,女性17例;年龄18～71岁,平均(52±11)岁的手术结果和经胸超声心动图表现及主动脉夹层采用Stanford细化分型方法。超声心动图分析的内容包括:内膜片、破口、主动脉瓣反流程度、冠状动脉、主动脉弓部3血管分支及窦管交界形态,主动脉窦部、弓部及胸腹主动脉内径。结果:52例AD Stanford细化分型如下:A1S型2例,A1C型1例,A2S型2例;A2C型9例,A3S型2例,A3C型14例,B1S型3例,B2S型5例,B2C型2例,B3S型10例,B3C型2例。经胸超声心动图结果:除3例漏诊外其余49例分型如下:A1S型4例,A1C型1例,A2S型1例;A2C型4例,A3S型5例,A3C型15例,B1S型3例,B1C型1例,B2S型4例,B2C型1例,B3S型8例,B3C型2例。结论:经胸超声心动图有助于诊断AD Stanford细化分型,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

经胸超声心动图对急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床诊断价值

目的探讨经胸超声心动图(TTE)在诊断Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的准确性。方法收集Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者共35例,回顾性分析经胸超声心动图的检查结果;并与增强CT血管造影(CTA)检查结果进行比较。结果 TTE、CTA对Stanford A型主动脉夹层的诊断率分别为91.3%、100%。TTE还能观察主动脉瓣损害、心包积液、心脏功能等情况。结论 TTE是诊断Stanford A型主动脉夹层的可靠方法,为临床急救提供有效依据。     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者术后感染的危险因素分析

目的 分析急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者术后感染的危险因素。 方法 分析2017年6月～2019年12月本院收治的急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层接受外科手术治疗的患者（n = 104）,根据术后是否发生感染,将患者分为非感染组(n = 35)和感染组(n = 69)。 结果 与非感染组相比,感染组术前体温明显升高（P<0.05）;术中心肺转流（cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB）时间和主动脉阻断（aortic cross clamp,ACC）时间明显延长（P<0.01）,深低温停循环（deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,DHCA）时间明显延长（P<0.05）;术后机械通气时间、重症监护室（intensive care unit,ICU）住院时间和总住院时间明显延长（P<0.01）;术后急性肺损伤、急性肾损伤和全身炎症反应综合征（systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS）发生率明显增高（P<0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析发现:ICU住院时间（OR = 1.503,95%CI:1.013～2.230,P<0.05）和SIRS（OR = 11.635,95%CI:1.515～89.336,P<0.05）是急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者术后感染的独立危险因素。分析受试者工作特征曲线发现ICU住院时间的临界值为7.5 d,曲线下面积为0.865（P<0.01）。 结论 术后感染将明显不利于急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的临床预后。ICU住院时间>7.5 d及术后出现SIRS是术后感染发生的独立危险因素。     

“一站式”杂交手术在Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者治疗中的应用价值

目的研究"一站式"杂交手术在Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者治疗中的应用价值。方法选取2015年至2018年期间到北京大学深圳医院就诊的200例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者进行研究,按数字表法随机分为研究组及常规组,每组100例。结果研究组患者addition EuroSCORE>7%以及Logistics EuroSCORE>6%的比例明显高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(66.0%vs. 36.0%,P<0.001;74.0%vs. 39.0%,P<0.001)。研究组患者比常规组患者具有更高的手术风险,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者体外循环时间以及主动脉阻断时间比常规组均明显缩短,术后重症监护病房初次停留时间比常规组明显长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。两组患者围术期死亡及术后30 d主要复合不良事件、脑卒中、截瘫、肾功能不全需血液透析辅助治疗的发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 "一站式"杂交手术在Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者治疗能够缩减体外循环时间及主动脉阻断时间、降低患者手术创伤、提高手术安全。     

Intraoperative echocardiography for diagnosis and treatment of aortic dissection. Utility of color flow mapping for surgical decision making in acute stage.

In the past eight years until July 1992, 92 patients were admitted in the acute state of aortic dissection within two weeks from the onset of symptoms. 41 were diagnosed as Stanford type A and 51 were type B by transthoracic and transesophageal echography, computer tomography, and surgery. Sensitivity of transesophageal echography to detect the intimal flap and the false lumen was 97.6% in patients with Stanford type A and 100% in patients with Stanford type B. The surgical decision making has been mostly depending on the transesophageal echographic diagnosis. When the intimal flap was detected in the ascending aorta (Stanford type A) surgery was performed in emergency regardless of any evidence of rupture, cardiac tamponade, and severe aortic regurgitation. When the aortic dissection was detected only in the descending aorta (Stanford type B) the main course of therapeutic strategy in our institute was medical treatment. Surgery was performed on 37 patients of type A and nine patients of type B with mortality of 18.9% and 55.5% respectively. Four patients of type A and 42 patients of type B were treated medically with a mortality of 75.0% and 2.2% respectively. The relatively large leakages from the anastomosis of the aortic clamp site were repaired secondarily in two patients, and fenestration of the superior mesenteric artery was performed on one patient due to ischemia of the small intestine depending on the intraoperative direct scanning of color flow mapping. Coronary artery involvement of dissection was strongly suspected in two patients by intraoperative transesophageal echography and aortocoronary bypass grafting was performed on these patients. Perfusion problems was encountered in five of 37 patients with type A aortic dissection (13.5%) during cardiopulmonary bypass. Intraoperative transesophageal echography could clearly detect the hemodynamic changes in the descending aorta resulting from inadequate perfusion which was useful for the management of perfusion control during cardiopulmonary bypass. Secondary repair of the aortic arch was required due to ischemia of the aortic arch vessels in two patients after the primary surgery. The extension of the dissection into the aortic arch vessels can be promptly diagnosed with the combination of transesophageal echography and transcutaneous echography. In conclusion, transesophageal Doppler echography is the most rapid diagnostic tool for decision making in acute aortic dissection, and intraoperative transesophageal echo can provide useful information to resolve the perfusion difficulties during cardiopulmonary bypass.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

主动脉瓣成形术于A型主动脉夹层治疗中的应用△

目的总结采用主动脉瓣成形术治疗主动脉夹层撕裂引起的主动脉瓣反流（aorticregurgitation,AR）的经验及术后随访分析。方法分析2007年3月至2011年9月广东省人民医院收住的100例因主动脉夹层引起的AR,采用主动脉瓣成形术处理纠正AR的患者的资料,并对术后患者进行门诊随访,了解术后病情变化。所有患者病因均排除马凡氏综合征。结果住院死亡5例。随访（110＋39）周,术后1周、3个月及9个月患者AR面积、左心室舒张末期内径（1eftventficularenddiastolicdimension,LVEDd）、左心室收缩末期内径（1eftventricularend-systolicdimension,LYESd]、左心室射血分数（1eftventricularejectionfraction,LVEF）均较术前有明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。术后1周、3个月及9个月后患者AR面积、LVEDd、LVESd及LVEF两两比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。1例患者术后2年因AR加重而再次返院行主动脉瓣置换术,余患者门诊随访效果良好。结论主动脉瓣成形术是治疗主动脉夹层撕裂引起的AR有效的手术方法,且效果稳定。     

新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的应用

目的总结新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床应用经验,并评价其安全性和疗效。方法选择2009年12月—2010年10月,在我科接受新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架手术治疗地6例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者。结果 6例手术全部成功,无死亡。手术时间（252.4±50.3）min、体外循环时间（133.6±26.1）min、心肌血运阻断时间（82.8±10.9）min、深低温停循环选择性脑灌注时间（17.9±8.1）min。患者术后及时清醒、循环稳定、无严重并发症。6例患者随访3～14个月,主动脉血管成像（CTA）显示患者主动脉弓部及分支动脉内支架扩张贴壁满意、相应部位假腔消失、远端假腔内血栓填充、无与覆膜支架相关的并发症发生。结论采用新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层,可以简化主动脉弓部操作步骤、降低手术风险、提高手术成功率,值得临床推广应用。     

Preoperative antithrombin III activity predicts outcome after surgical repair of acute type A aortic dissection

BACKGROUND: Acute Stanford type A aortic dissection is associated with substantial perioperative morbidity and mortality. A sepsis-like state may lead to antithrombin (AT) III consumption and deficiency. The impact of preoperative AT III activity on outcome in patients undergoing emergency surgery is yet unknown. METHODS: We measured preoperative AT III activity in 99 consecutive patients undergoing emergency aortic surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection during a 4-year period in a retrospective study. Cardiovascular co-morbidities, risk factors and surgical data were recorded and patients were followed for 30-day mortality, and occurrence of multiple organ failure (MOF). RESULTS: During the first 30 days, 15 patients (15%) died, and 8 patients (8%) had MOF. Median AT III levels (IQR) in 30-day non-survivors versus survivors were 64% (52-72) versus 90% (75-97) (p<0.001), and in patients with versus without MOF were 66% (52.3-77.3) versus 88% (72-96) (p=0.018), respectively. Adjusted odds ratios for 30-day mortality and MOF for AT III activity (per % increments) were 0.92 (p=0.007), and 0.96 (p=0.012), respectively, indicating a significant inverse relationship between AT III activity and outcome. CONCLUSION: There is a strong inverse association between preoperative AT III activity and adverse outcome in patients undergoing surgical repair of acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. Larger studies are necessary to determine a cut-off value for AT III and to assess whether patients with low AT III levels benefit targeted therapeutic interventions.     

Surgical approach for Stanford type A aortic dissection in a patient with Marfan syndrome and pectus excavatum

Acute Stanford type A aortic dissection in a patient with severe pectus excavatum constitutes a surgical emergency and presents a major challenge for the surgeon. Decisions must be made regarding the operative approach and whether the pectus excavatum should be corrected during the same session. Herein, we describe a case of acute aortic dissection in a patient who had Marfan syndrome with severe pectus excavatum. Combined partial upper sternotomy and left anterior thoracotomy provided excellent surgical exposure, and the aortic root and ascending aorta were completely replaced. The procedures were successful, and the patient recovered. Technical and surgical considerations led us to postpone concomitant correction of the pectus excavatum.     

Use of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in type A aortic dissections: Advantages of 3D TEE illustrated in three cases

Stanford type A aortic dissections often present to the hospital requiring emergent surgical intervention. Initial diagnosis is usually made by computed tomography; however transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) can further characterize aortic dissections with specific advantages: It may be performed on an unstable patient, it can be used intra-operatively, and it has the ability to provide continuous real-time information. Three-dimensional (3D) TEE has become more accessible over recent years allowing it to serve as an additional tool in the operating room. We present a case series of three patients presenting with type A aortic dissections and the advantages of intra-operative 3D TEE to diagnose the extent of dissection in each case. Prior case reports have demonstrated the use of 3D TEE in type A aortic dissections to characterize the extent of dissection and involvement of neighboring structures. In our three cases described, 3D TEE provided additional understanding of spatial relationships between the dissection flap and neighboring structures such as the aortic valve and coronary orifices that were not fully appreciated with two-dimensional TEE, which affected surgical decisions in the operating room. This case series demonstrates the utility and benefit of real-time 3D TEE during intra-operative management of a type A aortic dissection.