结直肠癌原发灶和对应肝转移灶K-ras基因突变的对比研究

目的:观察结直肠癌肝转移的原发灶和对应肝转移灶中K-ras基因的突变情况,比较两者的一致性.方法:从75例结直肠癌肝转移患者的原发灶和对应肝转移灶病理标本中提取肿瘤组织DNA,经聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增K-ras基因,采用DNA直接测序法检测K-ras基因的突变情况.结果:有3例因DNA提取质量较差出组.72例中,有24例(33.3%)结直肠癌原发组织中K-ras基因为突变型;23例(31.9%)肝转移灶癌组织中K-ras基因为突变型.24例原发灶K-ras基因为突变型者中,有21倒(87.5%)对应的肝转移灶K-ras基因为突变型;46例两者均为野生型.原发灶及对应肝转移灶两者的一致率为93.1%.两者不一致的情况有5例(6.9%).结论:结直肠癌肝转移的原发灶和对应肝转移灶中K-ras基因的突变情况较为一致,可作为选用分子靶向药物的依据.     

结直肠癌原发灶与转移灶K-ras基因突变的比较分析

背景与目的：K-ras基因突变是抗表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)靶向治疗的重要负性预测因子。本研究拟对结直肠癌原发灶与转移灶中K-ras基因状态的一致性进行比较,以探讨目前临床K-ras检测的科学性与严谨性。方法：收集复旦大学附属肿瘤医院手术切除的结直肠癌原发灶及转移灶石蜡包埋组织76对,提取DNA,经过PCR扩增后,对产物进行基因序列分析,检测结直肠癌中K-ras基因外显子2基因序列。结果：76例患者中有15例结直肠癌原发灶与转移灶的K-ras基因突变情况不一致。76例结直肠癌原发灶有31例发生突变,突变率为40.8%,其中第13号密码子突变16例,第12号密码子突变15例;76例结直肠癌转移灶有31例发生突变,突变率为40.8%,其中第13号密码子突变15例,第12号密码子突变16例。结论：结直肠癌原发灶和转移灶中K-ras基因状态并不一致,且存在19.7%的表达差异率,提示通过检测原发灶K-ras基因表达状态来确定针对转移灶的西妥昔单克隆抗体药物选择存在不严谨性,需要进一步完善。     

结直肠癌K-ras基因突变与临床病理特征的相关性分析

 【摘要】 目的：研究结直肠癌组织中K-ras基因的突变情况与临床病理特性之间的相关性。 目的　研究结直肠癌组织中K-ras基因的突变情况与临床病理特性之间的相关性。方法　采用直接测序法对90例结直肠癌石蜡标本进行K-ras基因突变检测,并对K-ras基因的突变情况及其与结直肠癌患者临床病理特征的关系进行统计学分析。结果　90例结直肠癌患者组织中,K-ras基因12、13密码子总突变者31例,总突变率为34.4 %。12密码子单突变21例,突变率为23.3 %;双突变1例。13密码子突变者9例,突变率为10.0 %。结直肠癌K-ras基因突变率与肿瘤部位有明显相关性（P＝0.042）。12密码子单突变和13密码子突变与临床病理参数均无明显相关性（P＞0.05）。结论　不同肿瘤部位患者的K-ras基因突变率存在明显不同。     

结直肠癌中K-ras基因突变研究

目的研究K-ras基因突变表达与结直肠癌的相关性。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测89例患者结直肠癌组织中K-ras基因2号外显子12与13编码子突变情况,并结合病理资料进行分析。结果89例患者结直肠癌组织中K-ras基因突变者为37例,突变率为41．6％。其中12编码子突变为29例,突变率为32．6％。13编码子突变为8例,突变率为9．O％。K-ras基因突变与肿瘤位置、分化程度无明显相关性（P〉0．05）,与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肝转移有相关性（P〈0．05）。淋巴结转移越多K-ras基因突变率越高,有肝转移者K-ras基因突变率高。结论K-ras基因突变在结直肠癌的发生、发展中起重要作用,与浸润深度、淋巴结转移和肝转移密切相关。     

血浆游离DNA的K-ras基因突变丰度与转移性结直肠癌患者疗效和预后的相关性

目的 探讨肽核酸钳制PCR(PNA-PCR)法和传统巢式PCR法检测血浆游离DNA中K-ras基因突变丰度与转移性结直肠癌患者疗效和预后的相关性.方法 收集106例转移性结直肠癌患者外周血并提取血浆游离DNA,分别采用PNA-PCR法和传统巢式PCR法检测血浆游离DNA的K-ras基因状态.根据是否突变及突变丰度,将患者分为野生型组、低丰度突变组和高丰度突变组,分析K-ras基因突变丰度与患者疗效和预后的关系.结果 106例患者肿瘤组织K-ras基因的突变率为40.6％,采用PNA-PCR法检测血浆游离DNA中K-ras基因的突变率为31.1％,显著高于传统巢式PCR法检测的K-ras基因的突变率(15.1％,P=0.006).PNA-PCR法检测的血浆K-ras基因状态与肿瘤组织K-ras基因状态的检测一致率高达83.0％.野生型组(73例)、低丰度突变组(17例)和高丰度突变组(16例)患者的中位生存时间(OS)分别为23.5、17.3和13.9个月(P =0.002),其中各组一线单纯化疗者的中位无进展生存时间(PFS)分别为6.8、6.1和3.2个月(P =0.002),中位OS分别为23.0、15.5和13.9个月(P=0.036).K-ras基因野生型患者一线接受西妥昔单抗联合化疗的有效率为75.0％,好于单纯化疗者(23.4％,P=0.058);二线接受西妥昔单抗联合化疗的疾病控制率为100％,明显好于单纯化疗(35.7％,P＜0.001).Cox多因素回归分析显示,PNA-PCR法检测血浆K-ras基因状态、ECOG评分、手术次数和首发转移部位均为影响转移性结直肠癌患者预后的独立因素.结论 PNA-PCR法检测血浆游离DNA可替代肿瘤组织用于K-ras基因突变检测.血浆游离DNA的K-ras基因突变丰度是影响转移性结直肠癌患者预后的独立因素.     

144例结直肠癌肝转移原发灶切除术后临床病理特征和预后分析

目的:分析144例结直肠癌肝转移原发灶切除术后患者的临床病理特征和预后。方法:回顾性分析病理证实的144例结直肠癌肝转移原发灶切除术后患者的临床病理特征和预后,Kaplan-Meier法分析生存率,Log-rank检验比较组间生存差异。结果:144例结直肠癌肝转移组及其中77例结直肠癌同时性肝转移亚组的中位生存期分别为28个月和21个月,所有病例分析显示原发肿瘤分化程度、肝转移发生时间、肝转移灶数目及治疗方法与预后显著相关(P＜0.05);同时性肝转移亚组分析显示原发肿瘤分化程度、性别、TNM分期与预后显著相关(P＜0.05);两组病例分析显示年龄对患者总生存期的影响无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。结论:原发肿瘤低分化、同时性肝转移、多发肝转移及单纯化疗是结直肠癌肝转移原发灶术后患者独立预后不良因素。原发肿瘤低分化、男性及Ⅱ-Ⅲ期是结直肠癌同时性肝转移原发灶术后患者独立预后不良因素。年龄对结直肠癌肝转移原发灶切除术后患者总生存期的影响无统计学意义。     

300例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床预后分析

目的 探讨结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床特征及预后因素.方法 对300例结直肠癌首发肝转移患者的临床特征及肝转移后的生存情况进行回顾性分析.结果 300例患者中,原发病灶位于结肠者152例,位于直肠者148例.原发肿瘤为管状腺癌272例,黏液腺癌18例,类癌5例,印戒细胞癌4例,鳞癌1例.原发肿瘤为高分化19例,中分化217例,低分化27例.无区域淋巴结转移104例,有区域淋巴结转移162例.原发肿瘤分期为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期62例,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期为237例.同时性肝转移206例,异时性肝转移94例.肝转移灶为单发48例,多发252例.肝转移灶最大直经≤5 cm249例,>5 cm 51例.300例患者转移后中位生存期为19.0个月,肝转移后1、2和5年生存率分别为79.0%、29.0%和3.0%.单因素分析结果显示,患者KPS评分、组织学分级、原发肿瘤T分期、有无区域淋巴结转移、原发肿瘤分期、有无脉管瘤栓、肝转移灶部位、肝转移灶最大直径、肝转移灶数目、同时合并其他转移均与预后有关.多因素分析结果显示,KPS评分、脉管瘤栓、肝转移灶数目、肝转移灶最大直径是结直肠癌肝转移患者预后的独立影响因素.结论 KPS评分、脉管瘤栓、肝转移灶数目和最大直径是结直肠癌肝转移患者预后的影响因素,KPS评分越高、无脉管瘤栓、肝转移灶数目越少、转移灶最大直径越小的患者预后越好.     

122例结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者的临床预后分析

目的:探讨影响结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者预后的因素和治疗选择.方法:回顾性分析广西医科大学2000年1月至2005年12月收治的结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者122例,用Kaplan-Meier分析本组患者的总生存率,用Log-rank检验和COX模型(SPSS13.0)对影响生存的18项临床病理因素和临床治疗方法进行单因素和多因素分析.结果:该组患者1年,2年,3年,5年生存率分别为52.46%,24.59%,12.30%,3.28%,单因素分析结果显示原发肿瘤的大小、分化程度、淋巴结转移、癌性梗阻、肝转移灶部位、肝转移灶数目、肝转移灶大小,肝外侵犯或转移、确诊时CEA水平,手术性质,原发瘤切除,化疗方式及化疗方案为预后影响因素.多因素分析显示,肿瘤分化程度.癌性梗阻,CEA水平及手术性质为独立的预后因素.结论:对于结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者,原发瘤的分化程度低.伴癌性梗阻及术前CEA高提示患者预后不良.治疗方式对结直肠癌肝转移患者有重要影响,对于仅存在肝转移的结直肠癌患者应尽积极手术根治原发灶及肝转移灶,介入化疗优于外周静脉全身化疗,全身化疗最好选用含草酸铂的化疗方案.     

结直肠癌不同病变阶段K-ras基因突变的研究

目的:研究结直肠癌不同病变阶段K-ras基因变化及其对结直肠癌演变的影响.方法:提取20例结直肠癌患者的原发灶、淋巴结转移灶、远处转移灶、结直肠腺瘤和相应正常结直肠组织的DNA各20 份,经PCR扩增,对产物进行基因序列分析.结果: 正常结直肠组织均表达野生型K-ras基因,结直肠腺瘤、原发灶、淋巴结转移灶和远处转移灶的K-ras突变率分别为20.0%(4/20)、30.0%(6/20)、25.0%(5/20)和30.0%(6/20),有3例远处转移灶出现复合突变.在发生K-ras突变的标本中,结直肠腺瘤、淋巴结转移灶、远处转移灶的突变类型与原发灶的一致性分别为0%(0/4)、40.0%(2/5)和50.0%(3/6).结论:结直肠腺瘤、淋巴结转移灶和远处转移灶不宜作为临床检测K-ras突变的常规标本,但在无法获得原发灶标本时,淋巴结转移灶和远处转移灶的检测结果也有一定的参考价值;结直肠癌发生、发展的过程中,K-ras基因可能在多阶段发生多次不同的突变.     

K-ras、PIK3CA基因突变与结直肠癌患者临床特征的关系及相关性分析

目的探讨K-ras、PIK3CA基因突变与结直肠癌患者临床特征的关系,分析K-ras、PIK3CA基因表达的相关性。方法选取110例结直肠癌患者,均接受了K-ras、PIK3CA基因突变检测。分析结直肠癌患者的K-ras、PIK3CA基因突变情况,并比较不同临床特征的结直肠癌患者K-ras、PIK3CA基因的突变率,分析K-ras、PIK3CA基因表达的相关性。结果结直肠癌患者K-ras基因突变率为37.27%,PIK3CA基因突变率为18.18%;肿瘤直径≥5cm、直肠癌和Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者K-ras基因突变率分别明显高于肿瘤直径﹤5cm、结肠癌和Ⅰ~Ⅱ期的患者(P﹤0.01);Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者的PIK3CA基因突变率明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期的患者(P﹤0.01);K-ras基因与PIK3CA基因表达呈正相关(r=0.514,P﹤0.01)。结论K-ras、PIK3CA基因突变与结直肠癌患者的临床特征有关,K-ras、PIK3CA基因表达有一定的相关性。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.