商业医疗保险病案查阅初探

病历档案作为记录医疗活动全过程的原始材料,是医院管理的重要部分,也反映了医院和患者之间的重要联系。随着医保制度的改革,医院传统的院方和患者的二者关系演变为以医疗保险机构、医院、患者为主体的三方关系,病案的对外功能加强了,医院病案由为医院患者服务扩大到医保社会职能部门服务。病历档案是商业医疗保险理赔的重要证据,随着人们保险意识的提高,社会商业保险的发展,使商业医疗保险成为社会医疗保障体系重要的补充部分。《中华人民共和国保险法》中明确规定,病案是涉保理赔的重要依据,具有法律效力,在保险人发生意外伤害、健康保险和综合寿险引发的理赔案中,病历档案作为真实记录被保险人治疗、抢救等就医过程的原始材料,则成为了保险公司理赔给付法律依据。在近几年的商业医疗保险病案查阅工作中,以法律为准绳、规范管理、不断学习,增强了防范意识、服务意识和质量意识,保护了患者隐私,提高了保险病案查阅效率及质量。医院和保险公司精诚合作,建立了良好的伙伴关系,保证了双方合作的有效性和长期性。     

福建省省本级和福州市大额医疗费用补充保险管理现状分析

福建省基本医疗保险全面启动实施的同时 ,总结了厦门市医疗保险制度改革扩大试点的工作经验 ,采取用商业补充医疗保险的办法解决基本医疗保险封顶线以上大额医疗费用的负担问题 ,减轻了基本医疗保险的压力 ,化小了风险 ,分清了责任 ,发挥双方共管的作用 ,为建立多层次医疗保障体系和提高医疗保障水平走出了一条新路 ,得到各级领导和有关专家们的肯定。厦门市医保运行 5年逐步进入良性循环。福建省医保全面启动后 ,大多数统筹地区运行情况也是良好的 ,并且同医疗费用结算办法直接关联 ,凡采取总额控制、平均定额结算管理为主和按支付能力结算…     

我国惠民保发展现状、实践挑战与对策建议*

近年来,飞速发展的普惠型商业补充医疗保险 （以下简称惠民保） 为多层次医疗保障体系的完善提供了有益补充,但也面临着诸多问题。文章通过探究现有惠民保的开展情况,总结出惠民保目前在参保与筹资、运营与监管、理赔与支付等环节存在的问题,并从政府相关部门明确在惠民保中的职能定位、商业保险公司积极发挥作为商业主体的市场优势两大方面提出优化建议。     

长春市居民参加商业医疗保险现状分析

目的 了解吉林省长春市居民对商业医疗保险的认识和接受程度、被调查人群的基本情况、商业医疗保险投保情况、对于商业医疗保险的需求和建议等,为进一步规范提高商业医疗保险工作提供参考依据.方法 于2010年6月对长春市人口流动密集地人群进行随机抽样,采用深入访谈法和问卷调查进行相关数据收集,进行一般描述性分析.结果 936名调查对象的商业医疗保险整体覆盖率较低,占14.10％( 132/936),数据显示,41～60岁为商业医疗保险的主要消费人群,占调查人数的8.76％ (82/936),年薪＞10万元的高收入人群的商业医疗保险购买率为8.87％(83/936).结论 理赔程序复杂、人群对其认知不足、高额保费成为阻碍商业医疗保险发展的主要影响因素.     

商业补充医疗保险对农村家庭贫困脆弱性的影响

以农村家庭为研究对象,评估商业补充医疗保险对农村家庭贫困脆弱性的影响.研究发现:拥有商业补充医疗保险使农村家庭贫困脆弱性发生率显著降低1.88％;在更换贫困脆弱性阈值和家庭商业补充医疗保险参保率指标两种情形下,实证结果仍然具有稳健性;考虑商业补充医疗保险参保过程中的选择性偏差,倾向得分匹配估计发现内生性问题影响小;机制...     

多层次保障体系下普惠型商业医疗保险的作用研究

目的:对比典型地区多层次医疗保障体系下普惠型商业医疗保险的保障作用,为促进普惠型商保的健康发展、构建更有效的多层次医疗保障体系提供参考。方法:以3个地区为代表开展案例研究,基于基本医疗保险和大病保险的报销政策和普惠型商业医疗保险方案,试算不同医疗费用水平下普惠型商业医疗保险的报销情况。结果:普惠型商保在发生高额医疗支出时发挥补充保障作用,保障作用与其方案设计和基本医疗保险及大病保险的特点紧密相关。结论:各地应结合基本医疗保险及大病保险的保障情况,因地制宜地设计普惠型商业医疗保险的责任范围和待遇水平,进一步发挥普惠型商业医疗保险的补充保障作用。     

中国商业医疗保险的市场定位

我国的城镇职工基本医疗保险制度的实施，为商业医疗保险的发展提供了政策依据和发展契机。要使商业医疗保险在我国的医疗保障体系中发挥应有的作用，就必须基于商业医疗保险对社会医疗保险的补充地位，对商业医疗保险进行恰当的市场定位。从我国商业医疗保险发展现状出发，分析了商业医疗保险的发展潜力，在明确商业医疗保险对社会医疗保险补充作用的基础上，给出商业医疗保险的市场定位。     

甘肃省补充医疗保险问题初探

城镇职工基本医疗保险制度运行后，补充医疗保险引起了广泛的关注，本文对补充医疗保险问题进行了初步的探讨。补充医疗保险属于社会保险的范畴。我国已出现的补充医疗保险的形式有：国家对公务员实行的医疗补助、社会医疗保险机构开展的补充医疗保险、商业保险公司开办的补充医疗保险。建立补充医疗保险的直接目的在于，解决职工超过医疗保险统筹基金最高支付限额以上部分的医疗费用问题。一个地区补充医疗保险制度的建立情况将直接影响到整个医疗保险制度改革是否能够顺利推进，补充医疗保险必须接受政府宏观政策的指导和制约，国家对补充医疗保险应进行宏观调控。     

商业医疗保险的现状分析及其合理定位的政策构想

该文从构建职工医疗社会保障体系以及社会医疗保险与商业医疗保险体系相互衔接与功能互补的角度,从商业医疗保险的可能性入手,通过对商业医疗保险的现状、特点、意向等的分析,认为商业医疗保险在补充医疗保险体系中并非无所不能,提出商业医疗保险的局限正是其他保险主体合理定位的方向,并作了初步的政策构思,为构建补充医疗保险体系提供依据。     

全民基本医疗保险制度设计

目的:探索整合三项医保,统筹设计全民基本医疗保险制度。方法:分析我国目前三项医保状态、部分地区探索整合三项医保的启示、云南省医改满意度调查和新农合十年启示,分析我国已具备开展全民基本医疗保险的各种条件和经验。结果:设计全民基本医疗保险制度以省级统筹起步,逐渐过渡到全国统筹;由国家统一界定全民基本医疗保险范畴,设定统一的补偿比例;参照目前各省新农合筹资标准,所有公民由各级财政补助和个人筹资就近参加当地全民基本医保;之前城镇职工按工资比例缴纳的多出目前筹资标准中个人缴纳的参保费用可用于购买商业医疗保险,以解决全民基本医疗保险后职工医疗保险待遇降低的问题;全民基本医疗保险基金按门诊统筹:住院统筹:特殊病种大额门诊:大病补充保险:住院分娩分别为15%:75%:2%:7%:1%的比例切块使用等等。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.