改良Mitchell手术治疗(足母)外翻

[目的]观察改良Mitchell手术治疗外翻的疗效.[方法]自2000年4月～2003年10月对18例28足(足母)外翻患者行改良Mitchell手术.术前摄负重X线片,测量(足母)外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)平均为30.5°,第1、2跖骨间角(Intermetatarso-phalangeal angle,IMA)13.5°.本术式与传统Mitchell手术不同的是在第1跖骨远端只行一次横行截骨,不留外侧棘,根据IMA的大小决定截骨远端外移的多少,再向跖侧移位2～3 mm,用可吸收螺钉固定.[结果]随访28足,随访时间为10～32个月,优24足,良3足,差1足,优良率为92.9%.术后负重X线片测量HVA 15.5°,平均改善15°;IMA平均为8.5°,平均改善5°.[结论]改良Mitchell手术可矫正第1跖骨内翻,更重要的在于矫正畸形而不破坏(足母)趾的生物力学作用,第1跖骨头的跖侧移位,重建了足横弓,恢复了(足母)趾的负重功能.     

第1跖骨颈截骨应用“T型阶梯接骨板”内固定治疗外翻

[目的]探讨第1跖骨颈截骨应用T型阶梯接骨板内固定治疗足外翻的疗效。[方法]回顾性研究2013年1月~2014年1月采用T型阶梯接骨板治疗的50例足外翻畸形患者(88足);年龄26~65岁,平均43.6岁,比较术前和术后末次随访时外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)和第1~2跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA)。根据美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)足趾、跖趾关节、趾间关节评分评估患者功能愈后。[结果]有45例(76足)患者获随访,其中男性5例(8足),女性40例(68足);平均随访时间21.3个月(15~27个月),HVA由术前平均(35.1±2.7)°减小至术后平均(17.7±2.0)°(P0.05);IMA由术前平均(13.5±2.5)°减小至术后平均(8.7±0.7)°(P0.05),AOFAS评分由术前平均(45.7±8.6)分提高至术后平均(91.2±4.3)分(P0.05);无感染、骨不愈合和转移性跖骨痛发生,有4例6足(7.9%)出现趾僵硬,2例3足(3.9%)出现足外翻复发。功能评级:优51足,良16足,差9足,优良率为88.2%。[结论]足外翻第1跖骨颈截骨应用T型阶梯接骨板内固定安全可靠,疗效显著。     

外翻的临床病理改变与术后并发症的分析

目的分析外翻患者的临床病理变化特点及术后并发症的原因。方法选择我院自2005年1月至2010年7月,采用小切口、跖骨颈梯形截骨致嵌插骨折、辅以软性外固定治疗外翻106例（182足）,均为女性;年龄18～50岁,平均42岁。术前负重位X线检查外翻角为20°～40°,平均28.6°;第1、2跖骨间（intermetatarsal angle,IM）角为9°～15°,平均11°。均合并有囊炎。结果本组外翻的病理改变主要为以下几种类型：即第1跖骨内收、IM角增大;第1跖内翻、囊炎及第1跖趾关节半脱位;第2、3跖骨头处胼胝;第2趾呈锤状趾;第1跖趾关节骨关节炎。术后随访6～36个月,其中外翻复发1足,内翻1足,转移性跖骨痛2足。结论根据外翻患者的临床病理改变特点,制定个体化手术方案,可明显提高矫形手术的成功率,降低主要并发症的发生率。     

第一跖骨籽骨系统与（足母）外翻

目的探讨第一跖骨籽骨系统在?外翻发病机制中的作用。方法对245足正常足和141足?外翻足籽骨的绝对位置和相对位置以胫侧籽骨位置(tibialsesamoidposition,TSP)来表示进行测量,并与?外翻角(halluxvalgusangle,HVA)、跖间角(intermetatarsalangle,IMA)、跖趾关节半脱位进行统计学分析。结果正常足与?外翻足籽骨的绝对位置无差异,TSP与HVA、IMA呈明显的相关关系。245足正常足TSP的正常值范围为TSP≤3。92足?外翻足行手术治疗,其中19足行改良McBride手术,24足行跖骨头颈部截骨术,29足行跖骨基底截骨术,20足行Keller手术。因为Keller手术并不能矫正TSP,故共随访72足?外翻足,随访时间1～6年,平均4年。术后HVA为5°～10°,平均7°;IMA为5°～9°,平均7°;TSP均为3或4。根据孙俊英等提出的疗效评价标准,优60足83%,良8足11%,差4足6%,优良率为94%。结论TSP应该作为常规术后疗效评价及手术方式选择的重要依据。对于TSP位置异常者,应首选骨性手术,以恢复正常的跖骨籽骨系统。     

(足母)长伸肌腱移位动力性矫正(足母)外翻畸形

目的探讨长伸肌腱移位动力矫正外翻畸形的机制及临床疗效。方法2004年4月～2006年12月,采用长伸肌腱移位矫治外翻畸形25例38足。其中男2例3足,女23例35足;年龄22～60岁,平均46.3岁。术前外翻角21～45°,平均31.30°;跖间角7～21°,平均12.52°。手术将第1跖骨骨赘凿除,内侧关节囊修复,收肌横头切断,长伸肌腱向内侧移位、止点再造。结果术后外翻角7.30±2.62°,跖间角6.50±2.46°,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后功能应用美国足踝外科协会趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分系统进行临床评估,优25足,良7足,差6足,优良率84.2%。获随访6～24个月。2足于术后2个月出现内翻,2足术后3个月出现第1跖趾关节活动受限。无外翻畸形复发。结论通过口止母长伸肌腱内移等软组织平衡恢复了第1跖趾关节内、外侧应力,手术操作简便,畸形矫正效果好且不易复发。     

改良Austin手术治疗(足母)外翻34例62足

[目的]探讨改良Austin手术治疗外翻的手术适应证、手术方法和疗效。[方法]自1998年10月～2006年4月采用改良Austin手术治疗外翻患者34例62足,男13例22足,女21例40足;年龄32～67岁,平均43岁。术前、术后2周、随访时分别摄负重位X线片,测量外翻角(HVA)、第1、2跖骨间角(IMA)、近端关节固定角(PASA)、远端关节固定角(DASA),并观察其变化和测量角度数据进行对比分析。手术方法根据患者术前症状和测量角度个体化选择Austin手术改良式即chevron-gerbert或chevron-youngswick截骨术。[结果]全部获得随访,随访时间1～8年,平均3.6年;患者外翻角(HVA)术前为33.50°±1.02°,术后为13.6°±0.826°;第1、2跖骨间角(IMA)术前为16.0°±0.837°,术后为8.6°±1.078°;根据美国足与踝关节协会AOFAS制定的足趾功能评分标准评价。AOFAS评分术前为(44.8±5.7)分,术后为(87.6±4.2)分。优46足,良10足,可5足,差1足,优良率90.3%。[结论]改良Austin手术是治疗外翻畸形的一种操作简单、疗效可靠的手术方法。尤其更适合矫正PA-SA增大的重度外翻。对年龄较轻的轻、中度外翻患者手术应尽量不必干扰内收肌和籽骨也可达到矫形的目的。     

第1 跖趾关节融合术治疗中重度足拇外翻合并第1 跖趾关节炎

目的探讨第1跖趾关节融合术治疗中重度足拇外翻合并第1跖趾关节炎的临床疗效。方法2016年6月至2018年9月北京中医药大学第三附属医院采用第1跖趾关节融合术治疗中重度足拇外翻合并第1跖趾关节炎患者26例。手术前后于足负重位X线片上测量足拇外翻角(HVA)和第1、2跖骨间角(IMA),采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价足拇趾疼痛情况,采用美国矫形外科足踝协会(AOFAS)足趾、跖趾关节、趾间关节功能评分评价足拇趾功能。术后随访观察切口和截骨端愈合、足拇趾功能恢复、畸形矫正、并发症发生及足拇外翻复发情况。结果所有患者平均随访时间(14.53±2.45)个月(12~18个月)。所有病例中有1足切口乙级愈合,其余切口均为甲级愈合;末次随访时截骨端均愈合,未出现内固定物失效、转移性跖痛及足拇外翻复发。末次随访时,平均AOFAS足趾、跖趾关节、趾间关节功能评分从术前(54.38±5.72)分增高至(82.74±1.68)分,平均HVA、IMA及足拇趾VAS评分较术前明显降低。结论第1跖趾关节融合术治疗中重度足拇外翻合并第1跖趾关节炎畸形矫正效果好,可缓解足拇趾疼痛,足拇趾功能恢复良好,且足拇外翻复发率低、安全性高。     

不同类型外翻截骨矫形术式的选择

目的分析不同手术方法治疗不同类型外翻的疗效。方法自2009年4月至2013年3月昆明市第一人民医院手术治疗外翻86例(110足)。根据外翻畸形程度不同分为3组。A组(中度):共36例(48足),男2例,女34例;年龄22~70岁,平均46岁;外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)24°~36°,平均30°,第1、2跖骨夹角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA)12°~16°,平均14°;手术方法采用McBride加第1跖骨头颈部楔形截骨术。B组(重度):共40例(51足),男3例,女37例;年龄38~62岁,平均50岁;HVA 28°~44°,平均36°,IMA 14°~18°,平均16°;手术方法采用McBride加第1跖骨基底部楔形截骨术。C组(极重度):共10例(11足),男1例,女9例;年龄64~82岁,平均73岁;HVA 45°~75°,平均60°,IMA 18°~20°,平均19°;手术方法采用B组(重度)术式+Akin手术。结果随访6~36个月,平均21个月。参照美国足踝外科学会Marylland评分系统评分,A组优30足,良16足,可2足,优良率95.8%;HVA平均矫正18°,IMA平均矫正7°。B组优36足,良12足,可1足,优良率94.1%;HVA平均矫正21°,IMA平均矫正8°。C组优7足,良3足,可1足,优良率90.9%;HVA平均矫正42°,IMA平均矫正8°。结论 外翻的病理基础主要为第1跖骨内翻的骨性畸形与足母收肌高度紧张挛缩的软组织畸形,手术应针对有明显临床症状的患者。手术设计应重点解除骨与软组织的畸形。     

第1跖趾关节融合术联合跖趾关节成形术治疗老年拇外翻

目的总结第1跖趾关节融合术联合跖趾关节成形术治疗老年拇外翻的临床疗效。方法采用第1跖趾关节融合术矫正18例老年拇外翻患者(20足),并对第2～5趾畸形行跖趾关节成形术,比较术前及末次随访时拇外翻角(HVA)和第1、2跖骨间角(IMA),应用AOFAS评分系统评价临床疗效。结果患者均获得随访,时间9～24个月。末次随访时,矫形足负重正、侧位X线片显示HVA和IMA均较术前显著减小(P 0. 001);根据AOFAS评分标准评价临床疗效:优1足,良17足,可2足,治疗优良率为18/20。结论第1跖趾关节融合术联合跖趾关节成形术可有效矫正老年拇外翻前足畸形,减轻疼痛,降低术后前足疼痛的复发率。     

第1跖趾关节融合结合外侧足趾旋转Weil截骨治疗重度跖内收型拇外翻

目的：探讨第1跖趾关节融合结合外侧足趾旋转Weil截骨治疗重度跖内收型拇外翻临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析自2017年3月至2021年8月接受第1跖趾关节融合结合旋转Weil截骨治疗的重度跖内收型拇外翻患者37例（69足）,男8例（11足）,女29例（58足）;年龄67～83(70.03±2.87)岁;左侧3例,右侧2例,双侧32例。分别于术前、术后6周及末次随访时,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）进行疼痛缓解程度评价。术前及末次随访时采用美国骨科足踝外科学会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery,AOFAS）前足评分对患足功能进行评价。并测量手术前及末次随访时拇外翻角（hallux valgus angle,HVA）,第1、2跖间角（intermetatarsal angle,IMA）的变化情况。结果：37例（69足）患者获得随访,时间12～48 (22.8±0.6)个月。术后7～10(8.00±1.21)周第1跖趾关节处达到骨愈合,无延迟愈合及不愈合发生。术前HVA (44.30±2.84)°与...     

Keller手术治疗外翻疗效分析

目的 观察Keller手术治疗(足母)外翻疗效。方法 对我院1978年1月-1995年12月间因(足母)外翻住院并行了Keller矫形术的病人进行随访,共随访到70例(118足)有效病人。术后时间为5～24年,平均9年,对(足母)趾及前足部症状改善,畸形矫正程度,足趾功能及术后各种并发症进行统计和分析,同时通过负重足印观察比较Keller矫形术对前足负重点的影响。结果Keller手术后病人(足母)趾及前足症状改善,(足母)外翻及叠趾畸形、矫正满意者98足,手术优良率为83％。并发症主要为(足母)趾麻木,(足母)外翻复发或未矫正,(足母)内翻,(足母)抓地力量弱,第二趾屈曲挛缩等,部分病人需要再次手术。结论 Keller手术通过(足母)跖近节趾骨截骨及(足母)跖趾关节成形,以达到(足母)外翻矫正的目的。对年龄较大、(足母)外翻严重,或同时合并(足母)跖趾关节骨关节炎的患者是一个较好的治疗方法。近节趾骨截骨是手术成功的关键。     

The management of the painful first metatarsophalangeal joint in the older patient. Arthrodesis or Keller's arthroplasty?

We report a prospective randomised trial comparing Keller's arthroplasty and arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint for the management of symptomatic hallux valgus and hallux rigidus in the older patient. In 81 patients (110 feet), with a minimum of two years follow-up, both procedures gave a similar degree of patient satisfaction and symptom relief. The incidence of metatarsalgia was also similar. As there were no obvious advantages to arthrodesis, and since six out of 50 arthrodesed toes required revision, we suggest that Keller's arthroplasty is the better operation in these patients.     

Sliding oblique osteotomy for the treatment of hallux abducto valgus associated with functional hallux limitus.

This is a retrospective study of 27 patients (35 feet) with hallux abducto valgus associated with hallux limitus who underwent a sliding oblique osteotomy for surgical treatment between August 1997 and June 1998. Radiographic analysis and range-of-motion measurements were evaluated with an average follow-up of 65 days (range, 26-100). Preoperative criteria included < 45 degrees of dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with weightbearing, no evidence of degenerative joint disease at the first metatarsocuneiform joint, and no previous surgical procedures on the first ray. The average preoperative intermetatarsal angle was 9 degrees, hallux abductus angle 17 degrees, and first metatarsal declination angle 15 degrees. The average postoperative intermetatarsal angle was 6.6 degrees, hallux abductus angle 10.3 degrees, and first metatarsal declination angle 21.7 degrees. Eighteen patients (22 feet) had a follow-up of over 6 weeks, and the first metatarsophalangeal joint was evaluated. The average gain in postoperative range of motion with weightbearing was 22.3 degrees.     

Keller手术治疗拇外翻疗效分析

目的观察Keller手术治疗     

Distal soft tissue procedure and proximal metatarsal osteotomy in hallux valgus

The results of a distal soft tissue procedure and a proximal metatarsal osteotomy in patients with symptomatic hallux valgus deformity were reviewed. The series consisted of 33 patients (47 feet; mean age of patients, 44 years). The average followup period was 48 months. At followup, 41 feet (29 patients, 85%) were free from pain at the first metatarsophalangeal joint. In six feet (four patients), the pain was improved but persisted. The mean hallux valgus angle was 38 degrees before surgery and 13.8 degrees after surgery. The mean intermetatarsal angle was 17.7 degrees before surgery and 7 degrees after surgery. The postoperative hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle in patients who had pain at the first metatarsophalangeal joint after surgery were greater than those in patients without pain after surgery. This procedure corrects the hallux valgus deformity and relieves the symptoms, but careful attention should be paid to the surgical technique to obtain consistent and satisfactory results.     

Kinematics of the first metatarsophalangeal joint

The kinematics of both the first metatarsophalangeal joint and the articulation of the hallux sesamoid bones with the metatarsal head were investigated with fifteen fresh-frozen below-the-knee amputation specimens using a radiographic technique. Six feet were of normal structural anatomy, six displayed hallux valgus, and three had hallux rigidus. Normal specimens demonstrated an average total range of motion in the sagittal plane of 111 degrees, with about 76 degrees of dorsiflexion and 34 degrees of plantar flexion. The abnormal specimens revealed a decreased total arc of motion, with a limitation of plantar flexion in feet with hallux valgus and a loss of dorsiflexion in feet with hallux rigidus. Motion analysis of the normal metatarsophalangeal joints demonstrated minimum scattering of instant centers of rotation. This was in contrast to the diseased articulations, which displayed markedly displaced instant centers of rotation located eccentrically about the metatarsal head. Surface motion in the normal joints was characterized as tangential sliding from maximum plantar flexion to moderate dorsiflexion, with some compression at maximum dorsiflexion. The feet with hallux valgus and the feet with hallux rigidus displayed distinctive patterns of distraction and jamming throughout specific portions of the range of motion in the sagittal plane. Motion of the metatarsophalangeal joint in the transverse plane concomitant with motion in the sagittal plane, which has been hypothesized by other investigators, was confirmed and quantified in this study. The feet with hallux rigidus displayed a reduction in this motion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

微创截骨治疗(足母)外翻的远期疗效分析

目的 评价微创截骨治疗(足母)外翻的远期疗效.方法 对1996年2月至1999年5月在我院行微创截骨治疗的(足母)外翻患者进行回顾性分析,共79例(150足)获得5年以上随访,男6例(10足),女73例(140足);年龄13～75岁,平均47岁.术后随访5.3～13.2年,平均7.5年.观察手术前、后(足母)外翻角(hallux valgus angles,HVA),第一、二跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angles,IMA),胫侧籽骨位置(tibial sesamoid bone position,TSP),(足母)趾-跖趾-趾间关节美国足与踝关节协会(American orthopedic foot and ankle society,AOFAS)评分,第一跖趾关节活动度和第二、三跖骨头下胼胝体(肼胝痛)等指标.根据温建民等的临床疗效评价标准(2001年)对临床疗效进行评价.结果 临床疗效评价优56足,占37.3%;良88足,占58.7%;差6足,占4.0%;优良率为96.0%(144/150).术后AOFAS评分为60～100分,平均(84.20±4.32)分.HVA较术前矫正20.97°;IMA较术前矫正4.95°;TSP较术前矫正1.22;第一跖趾关节活动度减少0.67°.术前合并有跖骨头下疼痛97足,占64.7%.术后疼痛消失35足(23.3%),疼痛改善54足(36.0%),疼痛无改善(或加重)8足(5.3%).结论 微创截骨治疗(足母)外翻方法简单、并发症少、远期疗效肯定,是治疗(足母)外翻的一种较好的、疗效可靠的手术方法.     

First metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis as a treatment for failed hallux valgus surgery

BACKGROUND: The results of first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis as a specific treatment for failed hallux valgus correction has not been previously reported. We evaluated the results of first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis as a treatment for failed hallux valgus surgery. METHODS: The records of the senior author (MJC) were reviewed to identify patients treated for symptomatic failed hallux valgus procedures with arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint over a 20-year period. Twenty-nine patients (33 feet) were available for followup examination. The patients completed a visual analog pain score, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale, and a patient satisfaction scale at the final followup. Radiographs were obtained of both feet. RESULTS: The average followup was 8 (1 to 22) years. The average pain score improved from 7 to 3 points. The mean AOFAS score was 73 points at followup. Patient satisfaction was excellent for 13 feet (39%), good in 11 (33%), fair in eight (24%), and poor in one (3%). The mean hallux valgus angle was 16 degrees, with an intermetatarsal angle of 8 degrees. There were three asymptomatic and one symptomatic nonunions. Twenty-two feet (67%) had corrective procedures performed on the lesser toes at the time of the first MTP joint arthrodesis. CONCLUSIONS: First MTP joint arthrodesis is a reliable option for revision after failure of surgical treatment of hallux valgus. This procedure can be used to treat a number of failure modes following initial hallux valgus surgery including recurrence, hallux varus, cock-up deformity, degenerative arthritis of the MTP joint, and associated transfer lesions beneath the lesser metatarsals. First MTP joint arthrodesis can be used after failed proximal and distal osteotomies, arthrodesis of the metatarsocuneiform joint, McBride procedure, exostectomy, and resection arthroplasty. Revision procedures have poorer clinical outcomes than successful primary hallux valgus procedures.     

Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint: a review of the literature and long-term retrospective analysis

A retrospective analysis of arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was done to determine the procedure's long-term subjective and objective results. The authors reviewed the long-term results of arthrodesis in 25 patients with 32 operated feet. The average age was 54.8 years (range 22 to 72 years), and the average length of follow-up was 31.9 months (range 12 to 84 months). The patients were questioned regarding pain, activity, cosmesis, and willingness to have the operation performed again. The subjective results were good or excellent in 26 feet (81% success rate). The primary postoperative complaints were pain in the interphalangeal joint (four feet), and a callosity or pain under the first metatarsal head (four feet). Radiographic examination revealed that the procedure provided a good reduction of the hallux valgus angle (preoperative average 33.7 degrees; postoperative average 17.4 degrees) and intermetatarsal angle (preoperative average 16.2 degrees; postoperative average 12.0 degrees). The authors believe that this procedure is a reliable, effective treatment whenever stability is required at the first metatarsophalangeal joint.     

First Tarsometatarsal Joint Derotational Arthrodesis—A New Operative Technique for Flexible Hallux Valgus without Touching the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint

No operative technique for hallux valgus has been introduced in which the first metatarsophalangeal joint is not touched. We report the first tarsometatarsal joint derotational arthrodesis in which we mimic the function of the peroneus longus tendon without involving the first metatarsophalangeal joint, allowing function of the windlass mechanism without interference. We treated 66 patients (62 women and 4 men) with 84 flexible hallux valgus feet using our new operative technique. Preoperative and postoperative follow-up weightbearing radiographs were evaluated. Most patients had a pronation type foot (78%) preoperatively, and mean correction in hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angle was 20° and 9°, respectively (p < .001). The LaPorta classification showed a median change of 2.5 U (p < .001). We have described a new operative technique for flexible hallux valgus. The first tarsometatarsal joint derotational arthrodesis showed notable correction angles in hallux valgus, although the first metatarsophalangeal joint was left intact.