Serum sialic acid (TSA/LSA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the response of total Sialic Acid (TSA) and "Lipid-bound" Sialic Acid (LSA) compared to Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), in 284 patients undergoing radiotherapy. Serial measurements of TSA by the enzymatic method (Boehringer-Mannheim Kit), LSA by the resorcinol-HC1 (Katopodis and Stock) and CEA by EIA (Abbott Kit) were performed in a total of 1017 blood sera. We statistically estimated the four greater groups of cancer patients [bladder (69), lung (58), uterus (31) and breast (29)]. Diagnostic marker sensitivities (% true positives) estimated from the 0-time-values--before initiation of radiotherapy--in relation to the established cut-off levels were in decreasing order: TSA 89.3% (80 mg/dL). LSA 88.8% (20 mg/dL) and CEA 26.75% (5 ng/mL). The overall tumor marker response to treatment, after its completion, estimated as % of patients with final blood serum levels of these markers, was in decreasing order: LSA 85.6%, TSA 81.3%, and CEA 65.8%. These data show that a) the diagnostic sensitivity of Sialic Acid (LSA/TSA) is more than 3 times higher than that of CEA and b) the response of Sialic Acid (LSA/TSA) to treatment is about 15% higher than that of CEA. In conclusion, this study confirms the high diagnostic sensitivity of Sialic Acid as a tumor marker and suggests that, with marginal superiority of Sialic Acid, all three markers are sufficiently responsive to be employed as adjunctive means in monitoring cancer patients underdoing radiotherapy.     

Lipid-associated sialic acid levels in human breast cyst fluids

Summary Benign mammary gross cystic disease is the most common breast lesion. Women with apocrine changes of epithelium lining the cysts are at higher risk for developing breast cancer than the normal female population. Sialic acid has drawn considerable interest because of carbohydrate aberrations in malignant cells. The current investigation determined the concentrations of lipid-associated sialic acid (LASA) in 62 breast cyst fluids and sera. Data analyses show a significant increase in the mean values of LASA in metabolically active apocrine cysts when compared to the cysts with Na⁺/K⁺>3 (flattened cysts) (p<0.001). The greater LASA levels in cyst fluids with lower intracystic Na⁺/K⁺ ratios could represent an altered expression of biosynthetic activity of the surrounding apocrine cell surface sialoglycolipid metabolism, providing a possible explanation of why women with apocrine cysts may be at greater cancer risk and being useful in further studies on functional stage changes in the cysts and their relationship to breast cancer.     

Lipid bound sialic acid in cancer patients

Serum lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) was measured with a recently described procedure in 108 healthy subjects and in 138 patients with a variety of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. At the time of serum sampling, 128 patients had active disease and 10 patients had no evidence of disease. LSA was elevated in 104 of 128 (81.2%) patients with active disease, while carcinoembryonic antigen, analyzed in 74, was elevated only in 21 (28.4%) (P less than 0.05). Sensitivity of the serum LSA test ranged from 66% for breast and gastrointestinal cancer to 92% for lung cancer. In patients with lung cancer, ovarian cancer or Hodgkin's disease, LSA was correlated with the extent of disease and it also proved to be useful in following the course of disease. Our preliminary data indicate that this test can be used as a monitor of tumor burden.     

Five tumor markers in lung cancer: significance of total and "lipid"-bound sialic acid.

Total sialic acid (TSA) and "lipid-bound" sialic acid (LSA) were evaluated in comparison to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and ferritin and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in 152 untreated patients with primary lung cancer, 107 benign pulmonary disease patients and 207 notmal controls. The mean concentrations of TSA, LSA and CEA in lung cancer patients, were significantly higher than in benign and normal controls (p less than 0.001), while the mean ferritin and NSE levels were significantly higher than in normal controls only (p less than 0.001). At the designated cut-off serum levels, sensitivities of the five markers for lung cancer were in decreasing order: TSA 86.5% (greater than 80 mg/dL), LSA 77% (greater than 20 mg/dL), CEA 46.4% (greater than 5 ng/mL), ferritin 36% (greater than 300 ng/mL) and NSE 34.5% (greater than 12.5 ng/mL). Using the benign pulmonary values as negative controls the specificity of each marker was as follows: CEA 88%, ferritin 72%, NSE 58%, TSA 44% and LSA 44%. In small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, NSE mean concentrations and sensitivity were significantly higher than in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (9.63 +/- 4.4 versus 23.54 +/- 16.9, p less than 0.001 and 74% versus 21.4% respectively). While in NSCLC patients only CEA levels correlated well with the stage of the disease, in SCLC patients concentrations of TSA, LSA and ferritin were significantly higher in extensive than in limited disease stages. These preliminary data suggest that, although TSA and LSA are highly sensitive markers in lung cancer, their specificity is low.     

The utility of lipid-associated sialic acid (LASA or LSA) as a serum marker for malignancy. A review of the literature.

The utility of the lipid-associated sialic acid (LASA or LSA) test as a serum marker for malignancy is reviewed. The name LASA or LSA test is confusing because it suggests that only or mainly lipid-bound sialic acid is measured. In reality, glycoprotein-bound sialic acid is determined predominantly. The assay appears to have a particularly high positivity rate in leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, melanoma, sarcoma, advanced ovarian carcinoma and oropharyngeal tumors, suggesting that LASA may serve as a valuable marker in these malignancies. As a consequence of the rise of sialic acid-rich acute-phase proteins, such as alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, in inflammatory diseases the specificity of LASA and therefore its diagnostic accuracy is low. LASA can be useful for monitoring cancer patients during treatment, especially in combination with other tumor markers.     

Levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and total sialic acid in serum of patients with laryngeal cancer

BACKGROUND: Adhesion molecules have been implicated in tumor progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and total sialic acid (TSA) levels in laryngeal carcinoma and correlate their levels with the cancer stage. METHOD: The sera from 35 patients with laryngeal cancer (10 at stage II, 12 at stage III and 13 at stage IV) were extracted before treatment. The concentrations of sICAM-1 and TSA were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay and the thiobarbituric acid method, respectively and compared with those from a healthy control group (n = 34). RESULTS: Mean serum sICAM-1 and TSA levels were found to be higher in the total patient group (the lowest level belonging to stage II) than in the control group (p < 0.001, control versus total patient group). As the stage of the disease increased, higher levels of sICAM-1 and TSA were determined. The correlations between TSA and sICAM-1 became more significant as the stage of the disease increased (r= 0.67, p < 0.05 in stage II, r= 0.86, p < 0.001 in stage III and r = 0.90, p < 0.001 in stage IV). CONCLUSION: These data reveal that the significant correlations between sICAM-1 and TSA in laryngeal cancer, more prominent at advanced stage, might reflect the similar nature of these molecules, which function as adhesion molecules.     

Levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and total sialic acid in serum of patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and total sialic acid (TSA) are related to the metastatic potential of cancer cells. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine sICAM-1 and TSA levels in colorectal carcinoma and correlate their levels with the cancer stage. METHODS: The sera from 65 patients with colorectal cancer (18 at Dukes' B, 24 at Dukes' C, 23 at Dukes' D) were extracted before treatment. The concentrations of sICAM-1 and TSA were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay and the thiobarbituric acid method, respectively, and compared with those from a healthy control group (n = 42). RESULTS: Mean serum sICAM-1 and TSA levels were found to be higher in the total patient group than in the control group (P < 0.0001). The concentrations of sICAM-1 and TSA were significantly higher in patients with Dukes' C and Dukes' D. The correlations between sICAM-1 and TSA became more significant as the stage of the disease increased (r = 0.58, P < 0.05 in Dukes' B, r = 0.88, P < 0.01 in Dukes' C and r = 0.81, P < 0.01 in Dukes' D). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation indicate that sICAM-1 and TSA are the best of the tested markers. These markers should prove useful for monitoring malignant disease stage and for evaluating the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches for colorectal carcinomas.     

Correlation of tissue and plasma RANTES levels with disease course in patients with breast or cervical cancer.

The beta-chemokine RANTES was measured in plasma in 43 patients with breast cancer and in 23 patients with cervical cancer, and the RANTES content in primary tumors, tumor metastatic to lymph nodes, and clinically normal skin or pelvic mucosa was measured. In addition, plasma levels were determined in all of the patients for the platelet-derived chemokine beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and for IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10, along with serum IgE levels and blood eosinophils. Plasma RANTES levels were found to be higher in order of stages IV, III, II, and I of each cancer except for stage I. A marked increase in plasma RANTES level (> 10,000 pg/ml) was found in 27% of patients with progressive malignancy but in none of those in clinical remission. The platelet RANTES content was correspondingly decreased in those patients with increased plasma RANTES levels. Beta-TG showed a pattern similar to RANTES both in plasma and platelets, but with much less dramatic differences between patients with different stages of disease. Other allergic parameters, IgE, eosinophils and plasma IFN-gamma, IL-2, -5, and -10, were not elevated in the cancer patients. The RANTES content was markedly elevated in the primary tumor and metastatic lesions (lymph node or skin) from all of the patients with breast or cervical cancer, irrespective of the plasma RANTES level. In addition, in patients with progressive breast or cervical cancer, but not in patients thought to be cured of these tumors, the RANTES content was markedly increased in clinically normal tissue taken from near the operative site several months postoperatively, as well as in intact skin or mucosa taken perioperatively near the excised tumor. This study suggests an as-yet-undefined but important role played by RANTES in carcinogenesis, as well as the possibility that a RANTES assay in tissue surrounding a tumor or postoperative tumor site may help predict prognosis in these patients.     

Axillary versus peripheral blood levels of sialic acid,ferritin, and CEA in patients with breast cancer

Summary Serum levels of total sialic acid, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase were measured both in tumor drainage blood (axillary vein) and in peripheral blood obtained from 121 breast cancer patients during surgery. No significant differences between mean values in peripheral and tumor draining blood, between cancer patients and healthy controls, or between patients with or without axillary lymph node metastases were found for any of the markers. Both ferritin and CEA levels were higher in axillary and peripheral blood from patients with central breast cancer versus other sites but the difference was significant only for CEA (p < 0.05). CEA levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in patients with > 2 cm diameter carcinomas versus T1 stage patients in axillary but not in peripheral blood. When the cephalic vein was clamped before the axillary sample was taken, ferritin showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). We conclude that measurement of sialic acid, CEA, and ferritin in axillary venous blood in breast cancer patients is not of clinical benefit, although further data are needed to clarify whether other advantages can be derived.     

老年甲状腺癌患者术前血脂、尿酸水平与术后淋巴结转移的相关性

目的:探讨老年甲状腺癌患者术前血脂、尿酸水平与患者术后颈淋巴结转移的关系。方法:回顾性分析,收集2017年4月至2019年10月期间我院完成手术治疗与随访的141例老年甲状腺癌患者作为甲状腺癌组,并收集同期我院体检证实为健康的138例老年人群作为对照组,检测并比较两组血脂及尿酸水平,根据老年甲状腺癌患者术后有无发生颈淋巴结转移将其分为转移组与未转移组,对比两组血脂及尿酸水平,分析血脂水平与尿酸水平之间的相关性及其各自与老年甲状腺癌患者术后颈淋巴结转移的关系。结果:甲状腺癌组与对照组HDL-C水平对比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;甲状腺癌组TG、TC、LDL-C水平均高于对照组,尿酸水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;141例老年甲状腺癌患者转移80例;转移组与未转移组HDL-C水平对比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;转移组TG、TC、LDL-C水平均高于未转移组,尿酸水平低于未转移组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;相关性分析结果显示,老年甲状腺癌血脂各主要指标与尿酸两两间均呈正相关（r＞0,P＜0.05）;经回归分析结果显示,术前TG、TC、LDL-C高表达、尿酸低表达是术后颈淋巴结转移的影响因素（OR＞1,P＜0.05）;经ROC曲线分析结果显示,术前TG、TC、LDL-C及尿酸水平预测老年甲状腺癌术后颈淋巴结转移的曲线下面积（AUC）均＞0.80,预测价值较理想。结论:术前TG、TC、LDL-C、尿酸表达异常均可能是老年甲状腺癌患者术后颈淋巴结转移的影响因素,临床可通过检测患者术前TG、TC、LDL-C及尿酸水平预测术后颈淋巴结转移风险,为术后制定合理化康复方案提供指导。     

Peripheral amino acid levels in patients with cancer.

Peripheral arterial and venous whole blood amino acid concentrations were determined in four groups of subjects after an overnight fast 1) normal people, 2) patients with cancer who had not lost body weight, 3) subjects with cancer who had lost more than 20% of body weight and 4) patients who had lost more than 20% of body weight from diminished intake due to cause other than cancer. Comparison of the arterial blood levels in the four groups showed that patients with cancer and weight loss had amino acid patterns different from patients who were malnourished for other reasons. Branched chain amino acids were normal in patients with malignant disease. Some gluconeogenic amino acids were reduced as in other subjects with weight loss but the characteristic rise in glycine seen with malnutrition was not present. Arterio venous differences in whole blood across the forearm showed no evidence of increase in venous excess in patients with progressive malignant disease, indicating no excessive protein catabolism in muscle tissue. The data are consistent with increased gluconeogenesis in malnourished cancer subjects, probably due to intrinsic change in hepatic metabolism.     

Evaluation of water soluble and lipid soluble sialic acid levels as tumor markers

Serum sialic acid and lipid-soluble sialic acid was measured in 39 cancer patients, 16 patients with Crohns disease, 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 28 patients with osteoarthritis, and 40 normal patients. Sialic acid was also determined in several patients who had undergone extensive chemotherapy or radiation. Elevations of sialic acid were observed in 33 of 39 cancer patients (sensitivity = 85%). No elevations were observed in the normals (specificity = 100%). However, 11 of 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 9 of 16 patients with Crohns disease had elevated sialic acid. Patients undergoing extensive chemotherapy or radiation for two months prior to sialic acid measurement frequently had normal values even though tumor was present. Four patients, who were found to have cysts instead of cancer on biopsy or pathological examination, had normal sialic acid values. Three patients with active leukemia had elevated sialic acid, but three patients whose leukemia was in remission had normal sialic acid levels. Correlations were also found between sialic acid from an enzymatic total sialic acid and the Ehrlich sialic acid, and also between total sialic acid measured by the Ehrlich method and lipid soluble sialic acid.     

Quantitation of secretory component levels in cyst fluids, ascitic fluids, and sera from ovarian adenocarcinoma patients.

A secretory component (SC) was detected by radioimmunoassay in the cyst fluids, ascitic fluids, and sera from patients with ovarian adenocarcinomas. Serous cyst fluids and ascitic fluids showed lower levels (expressed as means +/- SE) of SC (1.37 +/- 0.37 and 1.24 +/- 0.24 microgram/ml, respectively) than mucinous cyst fluids (181.50 +/- 50.40 microgram/ml). SC levels in the sera of all patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma were high (12.67 +/- 1.43 microgram/ml) when compared to SC levels in the sera of normal individuals (2.34 +/- 0.41 microgram/ml). Sera from patients with ovarian cancers diagnosed as serous, mucinous, papillary, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas showed SC levels of 9.93 +/- 1.68, 22.44 +/- 3.24, 7.35 +/- 1.13, and 10.10 +/- 1.58 microgram/ml, respectively.     

卵巢癌患者血清唾液酸含量检测的价值

背景与目的：目前临床上用于辅助诊断卵巢癌的血清标志物相对缺乏。该研究旨在探讨血清唾液酸(sialic acid,SA)含量检测在卵巢癌患者的辅助诊断、疗效监测等中的临床应用价值。方法：采用酶法检测332例妇科恶性肿瘤患者、230例妇科良性疾病患者及194名健康对照者的血清SA含量;同时采用化学发光法检测上述标本的血清CA125及HE4含量。结果：妇科恶性肿瘤患者的血清SA含量为584.0(499.8,702.5) mg/L,明显高于妇科良性疾病组［497.0(454.0,559.0) mg/L］及健康对照组［475.0(443.8,505.0)mg/L,P<0.05］;其中卵巢癌组血清SA含量最高［675.0(582.0,816.0) mg/L］;血清SA联合CA125检测对卵巢恶性肿瘤的灵敏度高达95.17%,阴性预测值为94.37%;卵巢癌患者随访测定过程中,血清SA含量随着病情的好转,其浓度逐步降低。结论：血清SA含量检测可应用于卵巢癌的早期筛查、鉴别诊断及疗效监测。