蚌埠市2000～2004年肠出血性大肠杆菌 O157:H7监测研究

目的了解蚌埠市腹泻病人、动物宿主携带肠出血性大肠杆菌O157H7(EHEC O157H7)情况,为防治工作提供决策依据.方法采集我市市区和怀远县部分乡镇的现症腹泻病人和动物宿主(牛、羊、猪等)的粪便标本,用免疫磁珠法和血清学等方法检测EHEC O157H7.结果5年间共采集各种标本2 502份,经检测检出9株EHEC O157H7,检出率为0.36%.结论蚌埠市部分腹泻病人和动物存在着EHEC O157H7感染.     

蚌埠市2000～2004年肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7监测研究

目的：了解蚌埠市腹泻病人、动物宿主携带肠出血性大肠杆菌O157 ：H7（EHEC O157 ：H7）情况，为防治工作提供决策依据。方法：采集我市市区和怀远县部分乡镇的现症腹泻病人和动物宿主（牛、羊、猪等）的粪便标本，用免疫磁珠法和血清学等方法检测EHEC O157 ：H7。结果：5年间共采集各种标本2502份，经检测检出9株EHEC O157 ：H7，检出率为0.36％。结论：蚌埠市部分腹泻病人和动物存在着EHEC O157 ：H7感染。     

安徽省1999～2003年O157：H7大肠杆菌实验监测及其意义

目的为了解我省肠出血性大肠杆菌O157：H7感染性腹泻的病人（宿主动物）带菌情况及其毒力基因携带情况,探索疾病发生的原因.方法对安徽省1999～2003年病人粪便进行O157：H7大肠杆菌的分离培养、动物宿主O157：H7大肠杆菌带菌状况调查及O157：H7大肠杆菌毒力基因的检测,并用免疫印迹法检测人群血清特异性O157：H7溶血素抗体.结果家禽家畜出血性大肠杆菌O157：H7带菌率为10.45%、2.50%、0.14%、0.72%和0.31%;从腹泻病人粪便中分离出O157：H7大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌等,分离率分别为0.43%和4.75%;特异性O157：H7溶血素IgG抗体总阳性率为25.87%;志贺样毒素、溶血素毒力基因检测有53.2%的EHEC O157：H7菌株阳性.结论通过血清学、病原学、分子生物学实验监测,可以认为家禽家畜为O157：H7的动物宿主,分离的O157：H7大肠杆菌大部分携带毒力因子,染菌的家禽家畜是引起人群爆发流行的的重要传染源.     

蚌埠市2000~2005年肠出血性大肠杆菌O_(157):H_7调查研究

目的了解蚌埠市腹泻病人、动物宿主携带肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7(EHECO157:H7)情况,为政府决策提供依据。方法采集我市市区和怀远县部分乡镇的现症腹泻病人和动物宿主(牛、羊、猪等)的粪便标本,用免疫磁珠富集法进行EHECO157:H7检测,血清凝集和生化试验对菌株进行鉴定。结果5年间共采集各种标本2955份,检出10株EHECO157:H7,检出率为0.34%。结论蚌埠市部分腹泻病人和动物宿主中存在着EHECO157:H7感染,应进一步加强监测工作。     

蚌埠地区2000～2010年肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7感染状况的研究

目的了解2000-2010年沿淮地区肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7感染情况,为防控措施制订提供科学依据。方法采集蚌埠市市区和怀远县部分乡镇的现症腹泻病人和动物宿主(牛、羊、猪、鸡等)的粪便标本,用免疫磁珠富集法进行检测,血清凝集和生化试验对菌株进行鉴定。结果 2000～2010年共采集各类标本5 374份,经检测EHEC O157:H7阳性标本10份,阳性率0.19%,其中鸭、兔中检出阳性标本较少见。结论本次研究表明了EHEC O157:H7感染的普遍性,但阳性率较低,在公共卫生资源有限情况下,EHEC O157:H7防控目前不需成为沿淮地区传染病防控方面的主要公共卫生问题。     

郑州市2005年肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7感染状况调查

目的：了解郑州市肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7在腹泻病人中的检出情况和宿主动物带菌及毒力基因情况.方法：对采集的宿主动物和腹泻病人粪便及食品应用免疫磁珠富集分离法进行大肠杆菌O157∶H7分离和鉴定.结果：郑州市内共发现3例肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7感染病例,首次从腹泻病人中检出产毒O157∶H7菌株,采集5种以上动物粪便标本共计475份,从牛粪（247份）中分离到16株O157∶H7,检出率为6.48%,从羊粪（33份）中分离到3株O157∶H7,检出率为9.10%,并检出3株产毒O157∶H7菌株.采集5类市售食品共146份,未分离到O157∶H7.结论：郑州市存在发生肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7感染暴发或流行的潜在危险.     

动物宿主的EHECO157H7带菌调查

O157H7大肠杆菌是出血性大肠埃希菌(Enterohemorrhagic EColi EHEC)的一个重要血清型.该菌可导致腹泻、出血性结肠炎(HC)、溶血性尿毒综合症(HUS)[1].自1982年在美国首次报道了由O157H7大肠杆菌引起的出血性肠炎的暴发以来,EHEC的感染已成为世界性的问题. WHO已确认O157H7为食源性疾病的病原体[2].近年来我国防疫部门也开始致力于对O157H7的检测工作,有自腹泻病人、猪粪、鸡肉、牛肉、卤肉等检出本菌的报告,但EHECO157H7 在本地区动物宿主中的带菌调查尚未见报道,其流行病学资料尚属空白.为了解EHECO157H7在本地区禽畜粪便中的带菌状况,为预防O157H7等致泻性大肠杆菌引起爆发流行提供依据,我们于2000年6-10月,在石家庄市所管辖各县采集牛、猪、鸡粪便,苍蝇体表样品共计170份.对致泻性大肠杆菌EHECO157H7进行调查,现将结果报告如下:     

2008-2012年南宁市肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7监测结果

目的 了解南宁市肠出血性大肠杆菌0157:H7在人群及外环境中的感染情况,为防制工作提供依据.方法 2008-2012年采集南宁市现症腹泻患者、动物宿主粪便标本、市场生熟食品和苍蝇标本,经mEC增菌后用SMAC分离,纯化菌株经生化鉴定、血清分型等方法进行检测.结果 在2 139份腹泻患者标本中未检出阳性标本;在3 088份外环境标本中检出阳性标本20份.南宁市肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7感染阳性率呈现逐年下降趋势;不同动物粪便肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7阳性率不同,以牛粪检出阳性率最高.结论 南宁市肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7仍有散在的动物感染,应加强对动物粪便的管理及肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7的监测工作.     

2011-2019年东台市肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7宿主粪便检测结果

目的 了解东台市动物宿主、腹泻病人粪便中肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7检出情况,为制定预防措施提供科学依据.方法 2011-2019年,每年5月、7月、9月,采集肠道门诊腹泻病人粪便样本,并于流行前期(5月)和流行后期(9月)采集牛、羊、鸡、猪粪便样本.采用EC肉汤加新生霉素增菌、免疫磁珠富集法浓缩、科马嘉平板分离,经...     

安徽省肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7宿主动物监测研究

目的了解安徽省肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7在宿主动物中的分布及其毒力基因携带状况,为控制O157:H7感染提供依据。方法用免疫磁珠分离法(IMS)对安徽省3个监测点的宿主动物粪便标本进行0157:H7的分离培养,并用多重引物PCR方法(MPCR)检测分离菌株的毒力基因。结果采集宿主动物粪便标本5 560份,检出O157:H737株,阳性率为0.7%,其中牛的阳性率最高,为1.1%。106株O157:H7菌株经过毒力基因测定,65.1%的菌株携带SLT、hly基因。O157:H7感染性腹泻的发病与家禽家畜的带菌正相关(R=0.87,P=0.01)。结论安徽省宿主动物中能检出肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7,且菌株携带毒力基因。提示要加强对宿主动物进行O157:H7的流行病学调查和监测工作。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.