孕妇和新生儿血清中单纯疱疹病毒特异性抗体IgG和IgM的检测

<正>近年来,由单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)引起的人类生殖道感染有明显上升的趋势.孕妇感染HSV后,可能引起胎儿宫内感染,造成流产、死产以及新生儿围产期感染等一系列问题.用血清学方法可将HSV分为HSV-Ⅰ型和HSV-Ⅱ型,引起生殖道感染的主要是HSV-Ⅱ型.但一些调查发现HSV-Ⅰ型也可引起孕期的宫内感染.所以,如何预防或减少孕期的HSV感染是保护母婴健康的一项重要措施.目前国内对HSV所致宫内感染的研究尚不多.为此,我们利用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)对233例分娩孕妇血和233例新生儿脐带血中的HSV-Ⅰ型和HSV-Ⅱ型IgG和IgM抗体水平进行了调查,现将调查的初步结果报道如下:     

妊娠高血压综合征患者IgG类抗体水平的测定

妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)是产科常见的并发症，是导致母婴死亡的重要原因。我们用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法，检测了妊高征患者血清中子宫内膜抗体(EmAb)、绒毛膜促性腺激素抗体(hCG-Ab)和滋养细胞膜抗体(TA1-Ab)，旨在从生殖免疫角度探讨妊高征病因。     

EV71型IgG、IgM和IgA抗体在手足口病诊断中的意义

目的 探究EV71型IgG、IgM和IgA抗体在手足口病诊断中的应用价值.方法 以2019年3月至2020年3月在我院收治的EV71感染的手足口病患儿116例,通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法对患儿感染的病毒类型进行检测,使用免疫层析法检测患儿血清中的EV71型IgG、IgM和IgA抗体.结果 EV71型IgG、IgM...     

天花粉不同给药途径及加用地塞米松对血清特异性IgE和IgG抗体的影响

本文探讨天花粉不同给药途径及加用地塞米松对人体血清抗天花粉IgE 和IgG 抗体的影响。研究对象128例,分成8个实验组。结果显示,不同给药途径血清抗天花粉IgE 和IgG 抗体反应的动态模式基本相同,但反应强度明显不同,以宫颈给药反应最强,其后依次为肌肉、宫腔给药,羊膜腔给药反应最弱。加用地塞米松后,特异性抗体水平无明显下降。     

红细胞表面抗体IgG对新生儿溶血病诊断的意义

目的　探讨检测红细胞表面抗体IgG对新生儿母子血型不合溶血病的诊断意义。　 方法　选自 2 0 0 1年 11月～ 2 0 0 2年 7月间收治的足月儿新生儿溶血病 5 0例 ,根据子直接Coombs试验结果分为两组 :阳性组 38例 ,阴性组 12例。同期住院的无黄疸、无母子血型不合的 30例患儿作为对照组。利用流式细胞术和抗人IgG单克隆抗体检测红细胞表面抗体IgG。　 结果　IgG测定的均值在子直接Coombs试验阳性组为 (12 .6 4± 16 83) % ,阴性组为 (4 .5 4± 2 5 4 ) % ,对照组为 (1.5 9±0 79) % ,三组间差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。在总胆红素 >4 2 7.5 μmol/L时 ,随总胆红素的升高 ,IgG与总胆红素的直线相关性增加 (r =0 .6 78)。　结论　检测新生儿溶血病患儿红细胞表面抗体IgG可辅助诊断新生儿母子血型不合溶血病 ,尤其是子直接Coombs试验阴性时。     

ELISA法检测不育男子精浆中抗精子IgG和IgA

将精子经Tritonx－100处理，冷冻高速离心后，经抗人全血清-SephadexG－75亲和柱层析分离，提取分子量为59KD人精子膜蛋白作为抗原，经ELISA间接法对20例生育男子和50例不育男子精浆中抗精子IgG和IgA进行了测定。结果显示：生育男子精浆中抗精子IgG为阴性；抗精子IgA阳性率为5％。不育男子精浆中抗精子IgG和IgA阳性率分别为10％、30％；抗精子IgG和IgA均为阳性者3例，均为阴性者33例；抗精子IgG阳性而IgA阴性者2例；抗精子IgA阳性而IgG阴性者12例。不育组与生育组间抗精子IgG阳性率无显著性差异（P＞0．05）；而IgA阳性率间则有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。不育组抗精子IgG和IgA阳性率间有极显著性差异（P＜0．01）。本文利用ELISA法对精浆中抗精子抗体的分类及可能来源进行了讨论。     

子宫内膜异位症患者血清中抗子宫内膜IgG抗体及CA125的测定

子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )近年已成为一种严重影响育龄妇女生存质量的常见病。腹腔镜可早期诊断 ,但它是一种创伤性操作 ,费用高。为寻求简便、易行、无创性诊断方法 ,我们对内异症患者、正常及良性疾病对照者血清中的抗子宫内膜ＩｇＧ抗体及ＣＡ12 5值进行了测定 ,并探讨其用于临床诊断内异症的意义。一、资料和方法1.研究对象 :为 1998年 8月至 1999年 10月在我院住院经腹腔镜和开腹手术及病理检查证实为内异症的 39例患者 ,按 1985年美国生育协会修正的内异症分期法 (ＲＡＦＳ)进行分期 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期 8例 ,Ⅲ期 16例 ,Ⅳ期 15例 ;对照组 5 2…     

儿童食物不耐受与血清中IgG的关系

目的探讨儿童食物不耐受的病因机制。方法酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)半定量检测710例临床疑似有食物不耐受症状的住院患儿血清中14种食物特异性IgG抗体,分析不同食物不耐受源在研究群体中的分布;免疫比浊法定量检测血清总IgG抗体,研究其与食物不耐受敏感度的关系,分析其在不同食物不耐受阳性组间的水平差异。结果研究对象中血清食物特异性IgG抗体阳性率蛋清/蛋黄最高,达72.8%(517/710);牛奶其次,阳性率为41.4%(294/710);鳕鱼阳性率为15.2%(108/710);蟹阳性率为13.4%(95/710);2种以上食物不耐受阳性率在所研究群体中的占比达52.7%,总IgG与食物不耐受累计敏感度存在线性正相关关系。3种以上食物不耐受同时阳性时,总IgG与阴性组差异有统计学意义(P0.01),1种和2种食物不耐受阳性组与阴性组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在所调查儿童群体中食物不耐受以鸡蛋、牛奶为主,其次为水产海鲜。检测食物特异性IgG、血清总IgG,对了解食物不耐受现象,判断产生不耐受的食物品种,制定饮食计划,禁食或少食不耐受食物,改善病症提供了重要手段。     

酶联免疫吸附试验测定子宫内膜IgG抗体诊断子宫内膜异位症价值的评价

目的评价酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定子宫内膜IgG抗体诊断子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)的临床价值。方法采集空腹血清91份,分三组,EMs组39例,正常对照组15例,良性疾病对照组37例,用酶联免吸附法对三组血清中子宫内膜IgG抗体进行测定。结果EMs组阳性率76.92％,正常对照组阳性率(33.33％)与EMs组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.005),疾病对照组阳性率(62.16％)与EMs组比较差异不明显(P＞0.05)。ELISA法测定血清子宫内膜IgG抗体诊断EMs敏感性76.92％,特异性46.15％。结论ELISA法虽敏感、有效、简单,但不能作为一种最有价值的诊断EMs的辅助方法。     

孕期强化免疫对母血和脐血特异性抗体水平的影响

目的 :探讨孕期强化免疫对母血和脐血特异性抗体IgG水平的影响 ;评价强化免疫的必要性。方法 :将门诊 6 0例孕 2 8～ 32周的孕妇随机分为研究组和对照组各 30例 ;研究组含服脊髓灰质炎活疫苗 ;临产前分别抽取两组孕妇肘静脉血和产时取脐血 ,用ELISA法检测其抗脊髓灰质炎IgG抗体水平。结果 :研究组母血和脐血抗脊髓灰质炎抗体IgG水平明显高于对照组 ;两组孕妇比较 ,脊髓灰质炎病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型抗原在母血中产生的IgG抗体效价 1∶2 0 0 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;在脐血中产生的IgG抗体效价 1∶4 0 0 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :孕期强化免疫能增加母血和脐血中特异性抗体水平 ,对胎、婴儿有一定的免疫保护作用     

Reference values of serum IgG and IgM levels in preterm and term newborns

Aim: Although, variations of normal immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in different gestational age and birth weight groups have been studied so far, data are still limited in newborns, especially in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to determine serum IgG and IgM levels in newborns in order to generate a reference standard for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and address the variations in preterm babies.

Methods: This study was conducted from June 2012 to June 2013 in a level III NICU. A total of 300 newborn infants hospitalized within first 72?h were included in the study. The quantification of serum IgG and IgM was performed by nephelometric method.

Results: Both serum IgG and IgM levels were increased in correlation with increased gestational age and birth weight.

Conclusion: The reference values of serum IgG and IgM levels should be further evaluated in larger series with the presented data in this article. In addition, preterm babies appear to have lower Ig levels thus carry the risk of relevant morbidity.     

乙肝病毒表面抗原阳性孕妇分娩新生儿乙肝病毒标志的临床意义

目的探讨乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性孕妇分娩新生儿乙肝病毒标志的临床意义。 方法对1999-07—2002-06北京地坛医院儿科996例新生儿生后第3天检测静脉血乙肝病毒标志，追踪观察199例成长到3个月至4岁，将乙肝病毒标志HBsAg和HBeAg进行分析。 结果新生儿生后第3天HBsAg和HBeAg阳性率分别为27.2%(271/996)、48.1%(479/996)，有495例检测抗-HBc，阳性率高达99.2%(491/495)。在生后3个月至4岁间复测乙肝病毒标志199例，有17例感染乙肝病毒，占8.5%(17/199)。分别比较生后第3天血清HBsAg、HBeAg滴度，感染乙肝病毒新生儿的HBsAg滴度高于未感染新生儿(P<0.01)，而HBeAg滴度水平差异不明显(P>0.05)。将感染、未感染乙肝病毒儿童复查结果与生后第3天血清HBsAg、HBeAg滴度分别进行比较，17例感染乙肝病毒儿童血清HBsAg和HBeAg滴度明显升高(P<0.001，P<0.05)，而182例未感染儿童明显减低(P<0.001)。 结论HBsAg阳性孕妇分娩新生儿血清HBsAg、HBeAg和抗-HBc阳性不能作为诊断感染乙肝病毒的依据，新生儿血清HBsAg滴度较高并在生后3个月逐渐升高，可以作为儿童感染乙肝病毒的诊断依据。     

Echocardiographic measurements in infants of diabetic mothers and macrosomic infants of nondiabetic mothers

AIM: To compare echocardiographic findings of infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs), macrosomic infants of nondiabetic mothers and healthy full term appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants. METHODS: Included in this study were 83 infants, admitted to our Neonatology Unit. Thirty-three IDMs, including both macrosomic and nonmacrosomic, comprised Group A, 25 macrosomic infants of nondiabetic mothers comprised group B, and 25 healthy full term AGA infants comprised group C. Echocardiographic measurements were performed in the first three days after birth and compared by using one-way ANOVA, Post Hoc Tukey HSD and Student's t tests. RESULTS: The left ventricular end-systolic/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ratio of group A was significantly smaller than that of group C (P<0.05). The interventricular septum/posterior wall thickness ratios of groups A and B were greater than those of group C (P<0.05). The left ventricular mass index of group A was greater than those of groups B and C (P<0.05). The shortening fraction and ejection fraction of group A were increased in comparison to group C (P<0.05). When comparing the values of echocardiographic measurements of macrosomic IDMs (n=9) with nonmacrosomic ones (n=24), and infants of pregestational diabetic mothers (n=11) with those of gestational diabetes mothers (n=22), no statistical difference was found. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that underlying mechanisms common to both macrosomic infants of nondiabetic mothers and IDMs lead to less cardiac alterations in the macrosomic infants of nondiabetic mothers than in IDMs.     

Major congenital anomalies in infants and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in insulin-requiring diabetic mothers

Glycosylated hemoglobin levels were obtained in 133 diabetic pregnancies. Nongestational diabetic mothers delivered of infants with major congenital anomalies had significantly higher glycosylated hemoglobin levels than the remaining nongestational diabetic mothers (P less than .001). The higher a mother's glycosylated hemoglobin level, the higher her risk of having a severely affected infant was. The positive predictive value for a nongestational diabetic mother having an infant with severe congenital anomalies was 26% if the glycosylated hemoglobin level was greater than or equal to 11%, 40% if the level was greater than or equal to 12%, and 56% if the level greater than or equal to 13%. However, high glycosylated hemoglobin levels in insulin-requiring gestational diabetic mothers were not predictive of major congenital anomalies.     

Prothrombotic risk factors in infants of diabetic mothers.

BACKGROUND: Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) are at an increased risk for thromboembolic disease. The mechanism(s) to explain this association is unclear. We hypothesized that the pathophysiology of thrombosis in IDMs is multifactorial and likely involves interactions among genetic and acquired factors affecting the procoagulant, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic pathways. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of common prothrombotic risk factors in a cohort of IDMs to a matched control group. PATIENTS/METHODS: Full-term infants born to mothers with diet controlled (A1-IDM) (N=17), insulin requiring diabetes (ID-IDM) (N=20) and healthy term infants (controls) (N=20) matched for mode of delivery had cord blood collected at delivery. Samples were analyzed for the following: factor V Leiden (FVL), prothrombin 20210A (P20210A), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677 T (MTHFR), Factor VIII (FVIII), Protein C (PC), Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). RESULTS: None of the infants had a clinically apparent thrombotic event. IDM mothers and their infants were clinically similar to controls except for a higher prevalence of hypoglycemia (30 vs 0%; p=0.005). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of the common genetic risk factors (FVL, P20210A, MTHFR) FVIII, or PAI-1 levels. Elevated Lp(a) levels were seen more frequently in IDMs than Controls (40 vs 20%) but this difference was not statistically significant. The PC activity (%) was significantly decreased in the IDM group compared to controls, 35+/-12 vs 44+/-9 (p<0.005). A1-IDM had lower PC activity compared to ID-IDM (p=0.05) and controls (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PC deficiency is likely one mechanism to explain thrombosis in IDMs.     

Homocysteine levels and its association with intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants born to preeclamptic mothers

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the relation between serum homocysteine levels and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants born to preeclamptic mothers.

Method: This study included 84 preterm infants (42 born to preeclamptic mothers and 42 born to normotensive healthy mothers) who were admitted to Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital Neonatology Clinic on the postnatal first day. The measurement of homocysteine levels in all samples were performed with an Immulite 2000 analyzer, using the chemiluminescence method. Cranial ultrasounds were performed on the fourth day and in the 1 month of age.

Results: The mean plasma levels of homocysteine in infants born to preeclamptic mothers and in the control group were 8.2?±?5.9?μmol/L and 5.3?±?2.7?μmol/L, respectively. The plasma levels of homocysteine were significantly higher in the study group (p?=?0.006). There was no association between the plasma homocysteine levels and IVH or other neonatal complications including necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and mortality.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that plasma levels of homocysteine are higher among infants born to preeclamptic mothers, but these high levels are not associated with IVH and other neonatal complications in preterm infants.     

Elevated acetoacetate and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels in cord blood of infants of diabetic mothers

Background: Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) are at increased risk for metabolic complications. Type 1 and some type 2 diabetic patients have elevated levels of the ketone bodies acetoacetate (AA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how hyperketonemia in diabetic mothers affects markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in their offspring. Methods: Blood was obtained from 23 diabetic mothers and 13 healthy mothers and their infants' umbilical cords at delivery. Interleukin-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and protein carbonyl (protein oxidation) levels were determined by ELISA. U937 human monocyte cell culture was used to examine the effect of AA and BHB on secretion of MCP-1. Results: There was a significant increase in the levels of AA in cord blood of IDMs compared with cord blood of infants of healthy mothers. A significant increase in the levels of protein oxidation (p < 0.05) and MCP-1 levels (p < 0.05) was observed in the cord blood of IDMs. The level of MCP-1 correlated significantly (r = 0.51, p = 0.01) with the concentration of AA in the IDMs. In further experiments with cultured monocytes treated with exogenous AA (0-4 mM), a significant increase in MCP-1 secretion was observed in AA- but not BHB-treated monocytes. Conclusion: Blood levels of AA and MCP-1 are elevated in IDMs, which may contribute to the development of the metabolic complications seen in IDMs.