交叉镫骨肌声反射客观评价鼓室成形术后听力改变

应用交叉镫骨肌的交叉特性，客观评价了６７例单侧慢性中耳炎患者行鼓室成形术后听力改变情况。结果显示鼓膜修补术后，听力提高了１７．４ｄＢ左右。Ⅲ型鼓室成形术后听力提高超过了２５ｄＢ；交叉镫骨肌声反射测试与纯音听阈测试结果间差异无显著性意义，但交叉镫骨肌测试结果有客观性，可推广应用于儿童患儿和某些特殊情况；此外，交叉镫骨肌声反射较脑干听反应等客观听力检查有明显优越性，故具有重要的临床意义。     

脉冲声镫骨肌反射与非噪声性耳鸣

目的:探讨脉冲声镫骨肌反射在诊治非噪声性耳鸣中的作用。方法:对89例非噪声性耳鸣患者作了纯音测听,耳鸣音调匹配测试,倍频混淆试验,耳鸣响度匹配试验,脉冲声蹬骨肌反射阈测试。结果:非噪声性耳鸣主要影响低、中频听阈的听力及耳鸣响度。结论:声反射阈高于正常值15dB,鼓室导抗图或纯音听阈,小于65dB都应做脉冲声蹬骨肌反射实验及免疫反应实验,作为客观评价耳鸣的指标。     

儿童镫骨肌反射参数与鼓室功能曲线关系

随着科学的发展,声阻抗作为一种观客的测听检查在现代听力学领域中,已越来越受到重视,成为整套听力检查法的重要检查项目之一,而镫骨肌反射是声阻抗测听检查中最具有意义的检查,临床应用范围也在不断扩大。目前常用的测试项目有:声反射阈、声反射衰减、声反射潜伏期等。国内外有关镫骨肌反射参数方面的论著较多,但就鼓室功能曲线对镫骨肌反射参数的影响方面的论著尚少。现将一组听力正常儿童的镫骨肌反射参数与鼓室功能曲线关系报告如下。     

同侧声反射测试的反向曲线

同侧声刺激镫骨肌反射测试过程中,常产生一种与镫骨肌反射曲线方向相反的曲线,为了弄清产生这种曲线的因素和机理,作者采用Madsen ZO 73型声阻抗仪进行测试,检查前定时将探头在本机附设的2ml标准腔中进行校准调试。对不同程度的耳聋及眩晕患者,不分性别年龄,在纯音气、骨听阈测定后作声阻抗测听,小部分患者因病情需要作第二次复查,共498耳、测540耳次。常规进行鼓室压图描绘,同侧及对侧镫骨肌反射测试,以X-Y记录仪描绘曲线。结果当刺激声强度大于100dB SPL时,同侧镫骨肌反射常呈     

开放式鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎对患者术后听力的影响

目的 探讨开放式鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎(choronic suppurative otitis media,CSOM)时影响术后听力的因素。 方法 选取2015年10月—2017年10月浙江省台州医院收治的86例CSOM患者为研究对象,所有患者均行开放式鼓室成形术,比较术前1周和术后6个月的气导听阈(air conduction,AC)、骨导听阈(bone conduction,BC)和气骨导差(air-bone gap,ABG),分析术中可能影响听力的相关因素,并通过logistic回归分析,找出开放式鼓室成形术治疗CSOM时对听力造成影响的因素。 结果 术前1周和术后6个月的AC[(65.73±8.25)dB vs.(47.52±6.82)dB]、ABG[(30.60±3.20)dB vs.(11.50±2.11)dB]比较差异具有统计学意义(t=15.777、45.122;均P<0.001)。镫骨及镫骨底板未破坏者的AC优于镫骨或镫骨底板破坏者,后鼓室开放者的AC优于后鼓室未开放者(χ2=8.010、7.668;P=0.018、0.022)。镫骨或镫骨底板是否破坏、后鼓室是否开放是影响术后听力的独立因素(P=0.011、0.014)。 结论 开放式鼓室成形术对于改善CSOM患者术后听力具有一定作用,术中保留镫骨及镫骨底板的完好及开放后鼓室是影响术后听力较为重要的因素。      

镫骨肌声反射常用参数的测定

应用Ｇｒａｓｏｎ－Ｓｔａｄｌｅｒ３３型声导抗仪，对４０名听力正常成人的镫骨肌声反射常用参数进行测定。结果表明常用参数的测定，为镫骨肌声反射的临床测试，提供了较精确的判断标准，提高了测试结果的准确性。     

镫骨肌反射的反向曲线

作者对747例各种耳聋和面瘫患者在治疗前进行镫骨肌反射测试,查出镫骨肌反射消失者512例,其中出现镫骨肌反射反向曲线(同侧)者463例;经治疗后,面瘫恢复、听骨链重建术后听力提高者,镫骨肌反射均引出,而镫骨肌反射的反向曲线消失。对这种反向曲线的发生机制进行了讨论。     

30例Hunt综合征的听力分析

目的探讨Hunt综合征患者听力损害的类型及镫骨肌声反射与面瘫预后的关系。方法对确诊为Hunt综合征的30例患者在治疗先后分别进行纯音测听、声阻抗检查及溢泪试验、味觉试验。结果听力损害主要表现为高频听力下降为主的感音神经性耳聋,有部分为混合性听力下降,镫骨肌声反射能引出的面瘫痊愈,未引出的复查出现的面瘫痊愈。结论感音神经性聋有助于该病的诊断,但听力损害的类型与面瘫的恢复无相关性,镫骨肌声反射对面瘫预后的评估有积级意义。     

乳突根治联合开放式鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤中耳炎的疗效

目的探讨乳突根治联合开放式鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤中耳炎的效果。方法对120例胆脂瘤中耳炎患者进行乳突根治术,并同时辅助给予行开放式鼓室成形术。观察治疗效果。结果对接受乳突根治术+开放式治疗的患者进行3～5年的随访,术后患者的外耳道发育基本正常,鼓膜型带良好的患者占所有治疗人数的95.8%,术后进行听力测试结果显示,有35例患者的听力较术前听力提高≥30dB,有53例患者的听力较术前提高了20～29dB,有20例患者的听力提高了10～19dB,仅有12例患者的听力未见明显好转。结论乳突根治术+开放式鼓室成形术对于胆脂瘤中耳炎患者的治疗具有显著的效果,能够提高患者的听力。     

中耳测试技术及实施原理

本文阐述了中耳测试技术中三项主要指标"静态声顺值”、"鼓室功能”、"镫骨肌反射”的测试机理及完成上述功能的电路结构.     

Modification of closed tympanoplasty in middle ear cholesteatoma

Background Classic mastoidectomy and modified mastoidectomy are traditional surgical procedures for middle ear cholesteatoma with goals of eradicating diseases, creating dry ears and preventing severe complications. However, the drawback of these procedures is the lack of hearing improvement. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the effects and safety of a modification of closed tympanoplasty for middle ear cholesteatoma. Methods Eighty-three patients were recruited in this study based on the following two criteria： each patient had middle ear cholesteatoma in one ear; the affected ears had a functional eustachian tube and had neither intracranial nor extracranial complications. All the patients received a modification of closed tympanoplasty which included ossicular reconstruction with total ossicular replacement prosthesis （TORP） or partial ossicular replacement prosthesis （PORP） and membrane repair with conchal cartilage-perichondral complex. Results All the 83 cases had dry ears with membranes healed within 4-6 postoperative weeks. After 6 postoperative months, there were 3 cases with re-perforation at the tympanic membrane center and after 1.5 postoperative years, there were 5 cases with cholesteatoma recurrence （6.02%）. Function tests after one postoperative year exhibited an improvement of pure tone audiometry （PTA） in 27 cases that was more than 30 dB, in 33 cases between 20-29 dB, 14 cases with improvement between 10-19 dB, and in 9 cases there was no improvement. Conclusions The modified closed tympanoplasty procedure for middle ear cholesteatoma in the present study has all the advantages of both close-cavity and open-cavity procedures. It has low recurrence rate and good hearing improvement.     

Modified Siegel's criteria for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: Reporting recovery outcomes with matched pretreatment hearing grades

Background

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an emergency clinical otology condition defined as hearing loss greater than 30 dB over three consecutive frequencies within 72 h. We aimed to integrate pretreatment hearing grades with reports of treatment recovery outcomes of SSNHL using the modified Siegel's criteria.

不同鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎的临床比较

目的 :比较不同鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎(CSOM)的临床疗效.方法 :以本院2013年1月~2016年1月收治的87例CSOM患者为研究对象,均行一期乳突鼓室成形术,根据外耳道后壁切除与否将其分为切除组与保留组,比较两组手术前后语言频率听力、气骨导差、干耳时间、术后主观听力及生存质量改善情况,术后随访6个月,比较两组复发率.结果 :保留组语言频率听力及气骨导差改善值分别为(10.03±4.58)dB、(11.10±4.82)dB,均显著大于切除组的(6.94±3.73)dB、(7.01±3.52)dB,差异有统计学意义;保留组干耳时间明显早于切除组;两组术后患者主观听力、生存质量改善比较差异无统计学意义;保留组随访6个月CSOM复发率16.22%,较切除组的12.00%差异无统计学意义.结论 :乳突鼓室成形术中外耳道后壁切除或保留均能促CSOM患者听力恢复,但保留外耳道后壁对听力改善幅度更大,且能显著缩短干耳时间,不增加CSOM复发率,建议先行保留外耳道后壁乳突鼓室成形术.     

Stapedectomy in tympanosclerosis, hearing results

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the results of using stapedectomy to treat tympanosclerosis fixation of the footplate. A retrospective review of tympanosclerosis of the oval window with stapes fixation, after undergoing surgery. Eight patients underwent stapedectomy for tympanosclerotic stapes. Postoperative (post-op) air-bone gap (ABG) closure to within 10 dB was achieved in 25% of cases. An ABG of less than 20 dB was obtained in 87.5% of cases. The mean preoperative (pre-op) ABGs were 31.09 dB, and post-op ABGs were 13.28 dB. Significant post-op improvement of air conduction thresholds (more than, or equal to 20 dB) was found in 62.5% of cases. No significant sensorineural hearing loss was seen in this series with a mean pre-op bone-conduction threshold (BC) of 23.43 dB and a mean post-op BC threshold of 16.25 dB. The mean follow-up period was 6.5 months.     

Outcome of tympanoplasty with and without cortical mastoidectomy for tubotympanic chronic otitis media

This cross sectional study was done to find out the level of hearing improvement in Type-I tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy in tubotympanic chronic otitis media. Data were analyzed from 60 patients with audiometric studies with a minimum of 6 months follow up. Patients who under went tympanoplasty alone were kept in Group I, and who under went tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy were kept in Group II. All patients prior to tympanoplasty were examined thoroughly after taking detailed history. On otoscopy, site and size of the tympanic membrane perforation, condition of the rest of the tympanic membrane, condition of the middle ear mucosa and the ossicles were noted. Tuning fork test, test for facial nerve integrity and fistulae test were performed. Hearing level was assessed by pure tone audiometry with masking. X-ray mastoid and X-ray paranasal sinuses were done to exclude local pathology. Surgical approaches were mostly post-auricular and in few cases it was per-meatal in Group I patient. Audiometric evaluation performed according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard. Hearing threshold measured at 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. Hearing improvement was assessed by closure of the air bone gap. Mean closure of air bone gap in Group I was 9.38 dB and in Group II it was 20.61 dB which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Improvement of hearing level was more in patient who underwent tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy than those patients on whom only tympanoplasty was performed. Hearing gain is more in Type-1 tympanoplasty combining with Cortical Mastoidectomy than in Type-1 tympanoplasty alone in the patient's of tubotympanic otitis media.     

电针对噪声所致豚鼠听皮层中潜伏期诱发电位阈移的影响

目的：观察电针对噪声暴露所致豚鼠听皮层中潜伏期诱发电位（MLR）阈移影响。方法：实验动物分为对照组、电针耳区穴组和电针前肢穴组,对照组只给噪声,后两组旋与噪声的同时分别电针耳区们和前肢穴,噪声暴露前及停止后不同时间记录MLR的阈值,结果：105dBSPL噪声暴露10min可致豚鼠MLR的暂时性阈移,电针耳区穴组和电针前肢穴组噪声暴露后不同时间的MLR阈移明显小于对照组（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）,MLR阈移恢复时间比对照缩短,结论：电针耳区穴和前肢穴均能关轻噪声暴露所致的听力损伤,并促进听力的恢复。     

耳内镜下鼓膜修补手术治疗湿耳期中耳炎的临床疗效分析

  目的  探讨湿耳期慢性化脓性中耳炎单纯型患者行鼓膜修补术的临床疗效。  方法  对2018年9月—2019年12月在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科就诊的湿耳期中耳炎患者31例(31耳)进行回顾性研究,对比术前鼓膜穿孔情况及听力丧失程度,对术后3个月患者听力恢复情况、鼓膜愈合情况及患者满意度进行分析,探讨在临床工作中,湿耳期的慢性化脓性中耳炎患者是否可行耳内镜下鼓膜修补手术,以及手术是否能获得满意的疗效。  结果  除1例患者术后3个月复查见鼓膜再穿孔外,其余患者(30/31,96.77%)术后3个月鼓膜均愈合良好;所有患者的术后听力与术前对比均得到明显提高,平均气导听阈由术前的(38.45±1.65)dB HL在术后3个月恢复至(25.94±2.62)dB HL;平均气骨导听阈差由术前的(23.68±1.17)dB HL在术后3个月恢复至(7.77±1.78)dB HL,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。患者总体满意人数达到30例(96.77%)。  结论  在术前及术中对外耳道及鼓室内脓性分泌物妥善清理,同时术前和术后根据药敏结果合理使用抗生素的情况下,湿耳期的慢性化脓性中耳炎患者可施行耳内镜下鼓膜修补手术,并可得到满意的临床疗效。      

完壁式乳突根治术并鼓室成形术治疗中耳炎效果观察

目的探讨完壁式乳突根治并鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎的手术方法、注意事项及疗效。方法选取2011年5月—2012年2月该院住院的84例（92耳）病人作为治疗组,实施完壁式乳突根治并鼓室成形术。术后观察病人情况,随访6个月-1年。结果术后1年,测患者听力,听力提高30 dB的为14例,占16.7%。提高20 dB的40例占47.6%。提高15 dB的24例占28.6%,术后听力改善率为93.2%（78/84）,听力无改善率7.14%（6/84）。92耳切口均I期愈合,干耳时间为1-3个月。干耳时间平均8周。继发性感染2例,复发1例,并发症及复发率为3.6%。结论完璧式乳突根治术并鼓室成形术符合清除病灶并保存听力的耳外科原则。对于慢性中耳乳突炎具有良好的治疗效果,可以有效保留原中耳乳突解剖结构和改善听力,提高患者生活质量,应予优先选择。     

耳内镜下手术治疗单纯先天性中耳畸形疗效分析

目的：探讨单用耳内镜手术治疗单纯先天性中耳畸形的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年6月在温州医科大学附属第一医院收治的27例单纯先天性中耳畸形患者的临床资料,对术前高分辨率计算机断层扫描结果、术中所见、手术方式及术前后听力学资料进行分析。结果：27例患者均为单耳发病,24例患者为传导性聋,3例混合性聋且以传导性为主。Teunissen-Cremers分型I型5例,II型6例,III型15例,IV型1例。术中分别使用PORP 8例、TORP 7例和Piston 11例行听骨链重建术。1例IV型患者系前庭窗闭锁,听骨及面神经严重畸形,行加长的7.0 mm Piston锤骨前庭桥接术。27例患者术前平均气导为（62.1±8.3）dB HL,术后6个月平均气导为（30.6±7.4）dB HL（t=19.47,P＜0.001）。15例（55.6%）气导听力提高超过30 dB HL。术前平均气骨导差为（43.1±9.3）dB HL,术后6个月为（13.4±5.2）dB HL（t=16.75,P＜0.001）。结论：单纯先天性中耳畸形主要表现为听骨链畸形,单用耳内镜诊治先天性中耳畸形具有视野清晰、操作准确、无需外耳道或耳后切口、创伤小、并发症少、术后听力恢复好的优点。     

Hearing results of the total middle ear reconstruction

Objective:To evaluate the success of hearing results in total middle ear reconstruction with cartilage ossiculoplasty for the patients with old open -mastoidectomy cavities. Method: A retrospective review of 69 patients who underwent total middle ear reconstruction with cartilage ossiculoplasty was performed. Results: In this series, the successful hearing results were obtained in 61% of the patients after operation, but 93 % of the ears were dry. For patients with stapes, the successful rate was 65%; for patients without stapes,it was 58%. The mean hearing gain was 10.7dB. Conclusion: Total middle ear reconstruction offers an effective treatment algorithia of hearing reconstruction for patients with old mastoidectomy cavities. I. Stapes is important for hearing improvement; 2.Staged operation is good for hearing restoration; 3. For a large number of patients with a problematic cavitites, hearing restoration is possible by total middle ear reconstruction.