PTEN蛋白在舌鳞癌中的表达及意义

目的:研究10号染色体同源丢失性磷酸酶张力蛋白基因(PTEN)表达与舌鳞癌(TSCC)临床病理特点的关系。方法:应用免疫组化SABC法检测PTEN蛋白在74例TSCC组织和15例癌旁正常黏膜中的表达。采用SPSS11.5统计软件包,分别应用Mann-WhitneyU法、χ2检验及Fisher精确概率检验,以P<0.05作为差异有显著意义。结果:PTEN阳性表达率在癌旁正常组织及TSCC组织中分别为100%、66.2%,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。PTEN的表达水平与肿瘤T分期、病理学分级无关(P>0.05),与淋巴结转移显著相关(P<0.05)。结论:PTEN蛋白表达与TSCC的淋巴结转移有关。     

口腔癌及癌前病变中PTEN与CXCR4的蛋白表达及相关性研究

目的通过检测抑癌基因PTEN与趋化因子CXCR4在口腔癌及癌前病变中的蛋白表达情况,并分析其相关性。方法收集口腔癌及癌前病变标本共111例,其中正常口腔黏膜15例、单纯上皮增生22例、上皮异常增生16例、口腔鳞癌58例,应用免疫组化SP法检测这些标本中PTEN与CXCR4蛋白表达水平,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果 PTEN在口腔鳞癌中阴性和弱阳性表达占74%(43/58),显著低于正常黏膜、单纯上皮增生、上皮异常增生组(P<0.05);CXCR4在单纯增生、异常增生和口腔鳞癌中阳性或强阳性表达分别占40.91%、43.75%和66.13%,显著高于正常组的表达(P<0.05)。经直线相关分析和Spearman等级相关分析,PTEN与CXCR4之间存在负相关关系(r=-1.000,P<0.001)。结论口腔鳞癌的发生和发展过程中PTEN和CXCR4均起着一定的作用;口腔癌中PTEN与CXCR4的蛋白表达存在负相关的关系。     

PTEN、p53在口腔黏膜白斑和口腔鳞癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨抑癌基因PTEN、p53在口腔黏膜白斑(oralleukoplakia,OLK)和口腔鳞癌(oralsquamouscellcancer,OSCC)组织中的蛋白表达及意义。方法:应用免役组化S-P法检测10例正常口腔黏膜、25例口腔黏膜白斑(其中白斑伴上皮异常增生15例,白斑不伴上皮异常增生10例)及32例口腔鳞癌组织中抑癌基因PTEN和p53的蛋白表达情况,分析两者之间的相互作用关系及其在口腔鳞癌发生、发展过程中的作用。结果:正常口腔黏膜和白斑不伴上皮异常增生组织中PTEN蛋白全部阳性表达;白斑伴上皮异常增生组织中PTEN蛋白阳性表达率为93. 3%;OSCC组织中PTEN蛋白的阳性表达率为71. 9%,其中高、中、低分化OSCC组织中PTEN蛋白的阳性表达率分别为85. 7%、75%和33. 3%,统计学分析表明PTEN在OSCC组织中的蛋白表达与组织分化程度明显相关(P<0. 05)。正常口腔黏膜组织中p53蛋白阴性表达;白斑组织中p53蛋白的阳性表达率为48%;OSCC组织中p53蛋白的阳性表达率为56. 3%,其中高、中、低分化OSCC组织中p53蛋白的阳性表达率分别为57. 1%、58. 3%和50%,统计学分析表明p53在OSCC组织中的蛋白表达与组织分化程度无明显相关(P>0. 05)。p53阴性表达的14例OSCC组织中有5例PTEN也阴性表达。结论:OSCC组织中PTEN和p53蛋白异常表达,说明PTEN和p53基因突变或缺失     

STAT3、EGF和EGFR在口腔鳞癌中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨口腔鳞癌组织中STAT3、EGF及EGFR的表达情况及意义.方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测60例正常口腔黏膜组织、30例不典型增生组织及60例口腔鳞癌组织中STAT3、EGF及EGFR蛋白的表达.结果:口腔鳞癌癌变过程中STAT3蛋白表达在正常黏膜组织、不典型增生组织及癌组织中的表达率依次增高,分别为13.3%(8/60)、30.0%(9/30)、71.2%(43/60)组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而EGF蛋白在正常口腔黏膜组织、不典型增生组织及口腔鳞癌组织中的表达率分别为25.0%(15/60)、46.7%(14/30)、76.7%(46/60),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);EGFR在正常黏膜组织、不典型增生组织及癌组织中的表达率分别为15.0%(9/60)、36.7%(11/30)、70.0%(42/60),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),三者呈正相关关系.口腔鳞癌组织中STAT3蛋白表达与癌的组织学分级、浸润深度及淋巴结转移密切相关(P<0.05); 结论:STAT3、EGF及EGFR在口腔鳞癌的浸润、转移及粘膜上皮癌变过程中起着重要作用,提示联合检测STAT3、EGF及EGFR可望成为口腔鳞癌早期诊断和判断预后的客观指标之一.     

端粒酶催化亚基hTRTmRNA在口腔鳞癌中的表达

目的:探讨口腔鳞癌中端粒酶催化亚基hTRTmRNA的表达。方法:应用原位杂交方法,检测hTRTmRNA在65例口腔鳞癌、25例上皮异常增生及20例正常口腔黏膜中的表达。以地高辛标记,常规杂交后处理。阳性对照为口腔鳞癌,阴性对照为不加探针。采用SPSS10.0统计软件进行χ2检验、Kendall相关分析以及成组比较t检验。结果:hTRTmRNA在正常口腔黏膜上皮组织中呈弱表达(4/20、20.0%),在上皮异常增生组织中表达增强(11/25、44.0%),在口腔鳞癌组织中呈强阳性表达(54/65、83.1%)。hTRTmRNA在口腔鳞癌组织与其他各组阳性表达率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),并呈正相关关系(P<0.01),但正常口腔黏膜与上皮异常增生间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各病理类型间,染色强度构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但正常口腔黏膜与上皮异常增生间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:hTRTmRNA的表达与口腔黏膜细胞的恶性转化密切相关,端粒酶基因的重新激活,可能在口腔鳞癌的发生中起着关键作用。     

口腔鳞状细胞癌中p27与Skp2蛋白表达及其意义的初步观察

目的:探讨p27与Skp2蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及其与口腔鳞状细胞癌临床病理之间的相互关系。方法:免疫组化SP法检测p27、Skp2蛋白在69例口腔鳞状细胞癌和12例正常口腔黏膜组织中的表达情况,并分析其与患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤的部位、临床分期、病理分级、颈淋巴结转移之间的相关性。结果:口腔鳞状细胞癌中p27蛋白的阳性率63.73%明显低于正常黏膜组织92.72%(P<0.05),Skp2蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的阳性率19.02%明显高于正常黏膜组织4.24%(P<0.05)。p27蛋白阳性表达率与肿瘤的临床分期、病理分级、颈淋巴结转移呈负相关(P<0.05),Skp2蛋白阳性表达率则与以上临床病理特征呈正相关(P<0.05);二者的阳性表达率与口腔鳞状细胞癌患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤部位无关(P>0.05)。p27蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达与Skp2蛋白呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:Skp2蛋白表达与靶蛋白细胞周期抑制因子p27降解相关,可能参与了口腔鳞状细胞癌的发生、发展。联合检测p27和Skp2蛋白表达有助于判断口腔鳞状细胞癌的恶性程度和预后。     

survivin在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其与 bcl-2,P53,bax表达之间的关系

目的初步探讨口腔鳞状细胞癌中凋亡抑制蛋白survivin的表达和临床意义,以及survivin的表达与bcl-2,P53,bax表达之间的关系。方法采用免疫组化二步法,DAB染色。27例口腔鳞癌和1例乳腺癌阳性对照病例手术前均未进行放疗、化疗或生物治疗。结果27例口腔鳞癌组织中survivin阳性表达率为88.89%(24/27),11例正常组织中survivin没有表达。在口腔鳞癌不同的临床病理分级survivin的表达有差异(P<0.05),其表达随着临床病理分级的增加而增加。Survivin在有淋巴结转移者阳性表达率(100%)高于无淋巴结转移者(82.35%),但统计学比较无差异(P>0.05)。口腔鳞癌中survivin的表达在不同的年龄组和性别间无差异(P>0.05),而在不同部位的鳞癌中表达有差异(P<0.05)。口腔鳞癌中survivin的表达和bcl-2,突变型P53的表达成正相关,(P<0.05),而与bax的表达成负相关,(P<0.05)。结论①Survivin可作为口腔鳞癌诊断的一项重要指标;②Survivin可作为口腔鳞癌基因治疗和免疫治疗的靶分子;③在口腔鳞癌基因治疗方面可以考虑协同抑制突变型P53和bcl-2的表达,或者提高bax的表达来提高疗效。     

Skp2蛋白在口腔鳞癌中的表达及其与c-myc、p27蛋白表达的关系

目的:研究Skp2、c-myc及p27蛋白在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达.方法:免疫组化检测Skp2、c-myc及p27蛋白在54例口腔鳞癌和15例正常口腔黏膜组织中的表达.结果:口腔鳞癌组织中Skp2、c-myc阳性表达率分别为35.19%(19/54)和38.89%(21/54),显著高于正常口腔黏膜组织6.67%(1/15)、6.67%(1/15)(P＜0.05);p27阳性表达率为55.56%(30/54)显著低于正常口腔黏膜组织86.67%(13/15)(P＜0.05);Skp2的表达与口腔鳞癌的临床分期、病理分级、淋巴结转移显著相关(P＜0.05),与年龄、性别、肿瘤部位等因素无关(P＞0.05);口腔鳞癌中Skp2与c-myc表达呈正相关(r=0.562,P＜0.01);与p27蛋白的表达呈负相关(r=-0.532,P＜0.01).结论:Skp2蛋白过表达在口腔鳞癌的发生及发展中起重要作用;并可能与c-myc蛋白有协同作用,Skp2蛋白过表达与靶蛋白p27蛋白降解有关,联合检测Skp2、c-myc及p27蛋白的表达有助于综合评估口腔鳞癌的生物学行为.     

新辅助化疗前后PCNA和p53在口腔鳞癌中的表达及其对化疗敏感性的预测研究

目的:探讨新辅助化疗前后增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和抑癌基因p53在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达水平及其与化疗疗效的关系.方法:采用SP免疫组化法,对106例口腔鳞癌患者新辅助化疗前后的PCNA和p53表达水平进行检测,分析其表达水平与化疗疗效的关系.结果:①化疗前口腔鳞癌组织中PCNA高表达率为50.94%,显著高于化疗后23.58%(P<0.05);化疗前PCNA高表达患者化疗有效率为62.96%,显著高于PCNA低表达患者的有效率30.77%(P<0.05);②化疗前p53在口腔鳞癌中的阳性表达率为44.34%,显著高于化疗后21.60%(P<0.05);化疗前口腔鳞癌p53表达阴性患者的有效率为55.93%,显著高于p53表达阳性患者的有效率36.17%(P<0.05).结论:新辅助化疗可明显降低PCNA和p53在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达水平,PCNA和p53的表达水平与新辅助化疗疗效具有显著的相关性,认为PCNA和p53的表达水平有可能成为口腔鳞癌化疗疗效的预测指标.     

HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达及意义

目的：探讨口腔鳞癌中HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA的表达及其相关性。方法：应用免疫组织化学SP法检测63例口腔癌、20例正常口腔黏膜的HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA蛋白表达。结果：①HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA阳性表达率：口腔鳞癌中分别为98.41%、100%、92.06%、88.89%,均显著高于正常口腔黏膜中表达率（5.00%、10.00%、20.00%、15.00%）,P〈0.05;有淋巴结转移的口腔癌组强阳性表达率分别为72.73%、77.27%、72.73%、68.82%,高于无转移组（53.66%、46.34%、46.34%、43.90%）。T3、T4期HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA的强阳性表达（93.10%、82.76%、72.41%、79.31%）高于T1、T2期（32.35%、35.29%、41.18%、29.41%）,P〈0.05。②口腔鳞癌中HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA表达呈正相关。结论：HGF/c-Met、VEGF和uPA表达与口腔癌的发生、发展相关,对口腔鳞癌的浸润、转移起促进作用且相互协同,是口腔鳞癌侵袭的重要标志物。     

Variation in periodontal referral in 2 regions in theUK

This study investigated the periodontal referral patterns of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Northern Ireland (NI) and North West England (NWE). A questionnaire dealing with periodontal referral was sent to all 520 GDPs registered in NI and to 274 GDPs in NWE. A usable return was made by 355 (68%) in NI and 189 (70%) in NWE. The NI dentists made significantly more periodontal referrals (median 5, range 0-80) in the year preceding the survey than those in NWE (median 2, range 0-50), p<0.001. Distance was the only factor significantly related to the referral rate in both regions with those who practised more than 25 miles from a specialist referring significantly fewer patients in both regions. In NI, there was a trend towards increased periodontal referral by GDPs who had attended more postgraduate courses; however, in NWE, this was not the case. The GDPs in NWE were significantly less likely than those in NI to refer patients with medical conditions. It is concluded that there is considerable variation in periodontal referral both within and between the 2 regions studied. It is further concluded that in many cases, non-disease factors, such as the accessibility of the specialist service, have powerful effects on the decisions made by dentists and patients in these regions (NI and NWE) in relation to periodontal referral. Much of the variance in referral in North West England, as in Northern Ireland, remains unexplained.     

Trends in socioeconomic disparities in oral health in Brazil and Sweden

Celeste RK, Nadanovsky P, Fritzell J. Trends in socioeconomic disparities in oral health in Brazil and Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 204–212. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Objectives: To describe the dynamics of trends in socioeconomic disparities in oral health in Brazil and Sweden among adults, to assess whether trends follow expected patterns according to the inverse equity hypothesis. Methods: In Sweden, we obtained nationally representative data for the years 1968, 1974, 1981, 1991 and 2000, and in Brazil, for 16 state capitals in 1986 and in 2002. Trends in the prevalence of ‘edentulism’ and of ‘teeth in good conditions’ were described in two groups aged 35–44 with lower and higher economic standards, respectively. Results: There was an annual decline in disparities in ‘edentulism’ of 0.4 percentage points (pp) (95% CI = 0.2–0.7) in Brazil and 0.7pp (95% CI = 0.5–0.9) in Sweden, as a result of improvements in both income groups. Concerning ‘teeth in good conditions’, in Brazil, there was improvement only in the higher income group and absolute disparities have increased (0.5pp annually), while in Sweden, there was a nonsignificant decrease (0.3pp annually) with improvements in both groups. Since 1991 in Sweden and in 2002 in Brazil, our measures of socioeconomic disparities in ‘edentulism’ were not statistically significant. Trends did not differ by sex or dental visit. Conclusions: Despite improvements in both income groups and a decrease in disparities in ‘edentulism’, the poorer group in Brazil has seen no improvement in ‘teeth in good conditions’ and disparities have increased. It appears that Brazil and Sweden reflect different stages of trend for ‘teeth in good conditions’ and the same stages for ‘edentulism’, represented by the inverse equity hypothesis.     

Fluorosis in relation to fluoride levels in water in central Nigeria

Abstract– Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of dental fluorosis in relation to fluoride levels in water among children aged 12–15 years in the states of Plateau and Bauchi, Nigeria. Methods : Children ( N =203) were examined using WHO criteria. The children were from two schools and permanent residents of the communities in which the schools are located (Tilden Fulani and Kanadap). Intra-examiner reliability for determining fluorosis scores was 80%. Results : Fluoride levels in the water ranged from 0.0–0.4 mg/L. Prevalence of dental fluorosis in the sample was 51%. Forty-one percent had very mild fluorosis, 7% had mild fluorosis and 3% had moderate to severe fluorosis. The lowest DMFT was observed in the school where the fluoride level of the water ranged between 0.0 and 0.4 mg/L, and in the group with very mild fluorosis. Conclusion : Fluoride levels in water for central Nigeria were appropriate for oral health. In the areas where the children were permanent residents, factors other than the fluoride levels of the water contributed to the severity of dental fluorosis.     

Trends in endodontic claims in Italy

According to the scant data available in the literature, endodontic claims are common among dental professional liability cases and the second most common type of claim. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of endodontic claims in Italy and the most frequently disputed errors, and the discussion below includes consideration of ethical and medico‐legal aspects thereof. We retrospectively analysed 120 technical reports written on cases of professional malpractice in endodontics in the last 5 years. The complainant patients were males in 22.5% of the cases, while females made up the remaining 77.5%. In the dentist sample, male operators were more often involved in litigation cases (80%) than female operators. The most frequently claimed technical errors were: lack of a complete filling of root canal/s (71.7%), the perforation of tooth structure (12.7%), extrusion of sealing materials beyond the apex of the tooth (9.6%) and the fracture of an endodontic instrument (5.9%). In 1.7% of cases it was found that the expert did not make any errors performing the endodontic therapy. In only very few cases (2.7%) no therapy was considered necessary, while the most common therapeutic solution involved in endodontic misconduct was tooth extraction (53.0%). In many cases the dentist preferred to extract the endodontically undertreated tooth and substitute it prosthetically rather than trying to re‐treat it. The discrepancy between the total number of cases examined and those that eventually go to court leads us to believe that the majority of endodontic malpractice cases are resolved in out‐of‐court settlements.     

Human Herpesviridae in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in children in Nigeria

Herpesviruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human periodontitis. The present study investigated whether herpeasviruses are present in the lesions of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Sixty-two Nigerian children, aged 3–14 years, were studied. Twenty-two children had acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and were also malnourished, 20 exhibited no acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis but were malnourished, and 20 were free of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and in a good nutritional state. Polymerase chain reaction methods were used to determine the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus type 1 and type 2 (EBV-1, EBV-2), herpes simplex virus (HSV), human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in crevicular fluid specimens collected by paper points. Of the 22 acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis patients, 15 (68%) revealed viral infection and 8 (36%) viral coinfection. Thirteen (59%) acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis patients demonstrated HCMV, 6 (27%) EBV-1, 5 (23%) HSV and 1 (5%) HHV-6. Only 2 (10%) subjects from each group not affected by acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis showed viral presence, and no control subject revealed viral coinfection. These findings suggest that HCMV and possibly other herpesviruses contribute to the onset and/or progression of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in malnourished Nigerian children.     

Changes in caries prevalence in Japan

In Japan, the mean DMFT at 12 years of age increased from 2.8 in 1957 to 5.9 in 1975. From the 1981 survey (DMFT=5.43), conversely, the mean DMFT decreased and reached 3.64 in 1993. The increase in caries prevalence can, without doubt, be explained by an increment of sugar consumption, since the intake of sugar increased after World War II and exceeded 18.25 kg/year (50 g/day) in 1965 and reached a maximum value (29.3 kg/year) in 1973 in Japan. On the other hand, the reason why the DMFT has decreased since 1981 is not clear. In many industrialized countries, a caries reduction has been achieved with acceptable fluoride exposure, although sugar consumption was still at a high level. However, fluoride usage was still limited during the last 2 decades in Japan. There is no community where fluoridated drinking water has been supplied since 1972. Fluoride tablet use was also discontinued for children in the 1970s. Fluoride mouthrinsing programs were available for only 19r of school children in 1992. Moreover, the market share of fluoridated dentifrices stayed at 10% until 1986 and became 30% only in 1988. An excellent correlation (r=0.91; P 0.01) is observed between the DMFT in 12-year-olds and per capita sugar consumption per year between 1957 and 1987 in Japan.     

Advances in local anesthesia in dentistry

Local pain management is the most critical aspect of patient care in dentistry. The improvements in agents and techniques for local anesthesia are probably the most significant advances that have occurred in dental science. This article provides an update on the most recently introduced local anesthetic agents along with new technologies used to deliver local anesthetics. Safety devices are also discussed, along with an innovative method for reducing the annoying numbness of the lip and tongue following local anesthesia.     

Localization of SOST/sclerostin in cementocytes in vivo and in mineralizing periodontal ligament cells in vitro

Jäger A, Götz W, Lossdörfer S, Rath‐Deschner B. Localization of SOST/sclerostin in cementocytes in vivo and in mineralizing periodontal ligament cells in vitro. J Periodont Res 2009; doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0765.2009.01227.x. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Cementum and bone are rather similar hard tissues, and osteocytes and cementocytes, together with their canalicular network, share many morphological and cell biological characteristics. However, there is no clear evidence that cementocytes have a function in tissue homeostasis of cementum comparable to that of osteocytes in bone. Recent studies have established an important role for the secreted glycoprotein sclerostin, the product of the SOST gene, as an osteocyte‐derived signal to control bone remodelling. In this study, we investigated the expression of sclerostin in cementocytes in vivo as well as the expression of SOST and sclerostin in periodontal ligament cell cultures following induction of mineralization. Material and Method: Immunolocalization of sclerostin was performed in decalcified histological sections of mouse and human teeth and alveolar bone. Additionally, periodontal ligament cells from human donors were cultured in osteogenic conditions, namely in the presence of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid and β‐glycerophosphate, for up to 3 wk. The induction of calcified nodules was visualized by von Kossa stain. SOST mRNA was detected by real‐time PCR, and the presence of sclerostin was verified using immunohistochemistry and western blots. Results: Expression of sclerostin was demonstrated in osteocytes of mouse and human alveolar bone. Distinct immunolocalization in the cementocytes was shown. In periodontal ligament cultures, following mineralization treatment, increasing levels of SOST mRNA as well as of sclerostin protein could be verified. Conclusion: The identification of SOST/sclerostin in cementocytes and mineralizing periodontal ligament cells adds to our understanding of the biology of the periodontium, but the functional meaning of these findings can only be unravelled after additional in vitro and in vivo studies.