磁共振引导高强度聚焦超声完全消融子宫肌瘤:可行性、安全性和远期疗效

目的 评估MRI引导高强度聚焦超声(MRgHIFU)完全消融子宫肌瘤的可行性、安全性和远期疗效.方法 对43例(平均年龄41.4岁)共51个子宫肌瘤,平均大小为(7.1±1.4)em,均进行一次MRI引导高强度聚焦超声消融术.治疗后即刻MRI增强测量靶肌瘤的体积及其无灌注区的体积,子宫肌瘤无灌注区的完全覆盖靶肌瘤为完全消融.对完全消融的子宫肌瘤在治疗后3个月、6个月、1年、2年和3年通过MRI进行随访复查肌瘤的体积变化;在术前、3、6个月采用UFS-QOL症状评分方法对患者症状评分,并随访3年观察其症状的变化.同时对这些肌瘤的特征、治疗后不良事件、聚焦超声能量及治疗效率等进行了分析.结果 经MRgHIFU治疗后肌瘤平均消融率为84.3％±15.7％(范围33.8％～ 100％),肌瘤部分消融(消融率＜90％)、几乎完全消融(消融率为90％～99％)和完全消融的病例分别为23例、10例和10例,平均治疗时间为(2.2±0.8)h(范围1.0 ～ 4.3 h),治疗后均未发生并发症.10例13个完全消融的肌瘤术前MRI均为T2低信号表现而其血供类型不同;超声治疗的能效因子(EEF)为:(3.6±2.1)J/mm3(0.7 ～ 6.8 J/mm3).治疗后3、6个月症状严重程度评分(SSS)分别为从术前的33.9±7.1下降至16.6±9.0和8.1±3.4(P＜ 0.01),1年或2年后10例患者的症状完全消失.治疗后3、6个月和3年肌瘤体积分别缩小39.5％±10.2％、59.1％±9.0％和93.3％±3.1％(P＜0.01).治疗后3年随访肌瘤均未出现复发.结论 MRI引导高强度聚焦超声完全消融子宫肌瘤是可行的、安全的和有效的,MRI T2WI低信号肌瘤可在治疗后取得完全消融.     

Effect of microbubble contrast agent during high intensity focused ultrasound ablation on rabbit liver in vivo

Objective

To evaluate the effect of a microbubble contrast agent (SonoVue) during HIFU ablation of a rabbit liver.

Materials and methods

HIFU ablations (intensity of 400 W/cm² for 4 s, six times, with a 5 s interval between exposures) were performed upon 16 in vivo rabbit livers before and after intravenous injection of a microbubble contrast agent (0.8 ml). A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare mean ablation volume and time required to tissue ablation on real-time US. Shape of ablation and pattern of coagulative necrosis were analyzed by Fisher's exact test.

Results

The volume of coagulative necrosis was significantly larger in the combination microbubble and HIFU group than in the HIFU alone group (P < 0.05). Also, time to reach ablation was shorter in the combination microbubble and HIFU group than in the HIFU alone group (P < 0.05). When analyzing the shape of tissue ablation, a pyramidal shape was more prevalently in the HIFU alone group compared to the combination microbubble and HIFU group (P < 0.05). Following an analysis of the pattern of coagulative necrosis, non-cavitary necrosis was found in ten and cavitary necrosis in six of the samples in the combination microbubble and HIFU group. Conversely, non-cavitary necrosis occurred in all 16 samples in the HIFU alone group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

HIFU of in vivo rabbit livers with a microbubble contrast agent produced larger zones of ablation and more cavitary tissue necrosis than without the use of a microbubble contrast agent. Microbubble contrast agents may be useful in tissue ablation by enhancing the treatment effect of HIFU.     

Renal ablation using magnetic resonance-guided high intensity focused ultrasound: Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology assessment

AIM: To use magnetic resonance-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MRg-HIFU), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology for noninvasively ablating, quantifying and characterizing ablated renal tissue.METHODS: Six anesthetized/mechanically-ventilated pigs underwent single/double renal sonication (n = 24) using a 3T-MRg-HIFU (1.1 MHz frequency and 3000J-4400J energies). T2-weighted fast spin echo (T2-W), perfusion saturation recovery gradient echo and contrast enhanced (CE) T1-weighted (T1-W) sequences were used for treatment planning, temperature monitoring, lesion visualization, characterization and quantification, respectively. Histopathology was conducted in excised kidneys to quantify and characterize cellular and vascular changes. Paired Student’s t-test was used and a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Ablated renal parenchyma could not be differentiated from normal parenchyma on T2-W or non-CE T1-W sequences. Ablated renal lesions were visible as hypoenhanced regions on perfusion and CE T1-W MRI sequences, suggesting perfusion deficits and necrosis. Volumes of ablated parenchyma on CE T1-W images in vivo (0.12-0.36 cm³ for single sonication 3000J, 0.50-0.84 cm³, for double 3000J, 0.75-0.78 cm³ for single 4400J and 0.12-2.65 cm³ for double 4400J) and at postmortem (0.23-0.52 cm³, 0.25-0.82 cm³, 0.45-0.68 cm³ and 0.29-1.80 cm³, respectively) were comparable. The ablated volumes on 3000J and 4400J double sonication were significantly larger than single (P < 0.01), thus, the volume and depth of ablated tissue depends on the applied energy and number of sonication. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations confirmed the locations and presence of coagulation necrosis, vascular damage and interstitial hemorrhage, respectively.CONCLUSION: Contrast enhanced MRI provides assessment of MRg-HIFU renal ablation. Histopathology demonstrated coagulation necrosis, vascular damage and confirmed the volume of damage seen on MRI.     

超声造影参数预测高强度聚焦超声治疗局限型子宫腺肌病的临床价值

目的 探讨超声造影(CEUS)参数预测局限型子宫腺肌病高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗价值.方法 对38例局限型子宫腺肌病患者在HIFU治疗前、治疗后进行CEUS检查,分析到达时间(AT)、达峰时间(TTP)、增强时间(ET)、达峰强度(PI)、曲线下面积(AUC),增强均匀度,并计算△PI=病灶区PI-参考区PI.术后...     

Effects of oxytocin on high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of adenomysis: A prospective study

Objective

To investigate the effects of oxytocin on high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for the treatment of adenomyosis.

Materials and methods

Eighty-six patients with adenomyosis from three hospitals were randomly assigned to the oxytocin group or control group for HIFU treatment. During HIFU treatment, 80 units of oxytocin was added in 500 ml of 0.9% normal saline running at the rate of 2 ml/min (0.32 U/min) in the oxytocin group, while 0.9% normal saline was used in the control group. Both patients and HIFU operators were blinded to oxytocin or saline application. Treatment results, adverse effects were compared.

Results

When using oxytocin, the non-perfused volume (NPV) ratio was 80.7 ± 11.6%, the energy-efficiency factor (EEF) was 8.1 ± 9.9 J/mm³, and the sonication time required to ablate 1 cm³ was 30.0 ± 36.0 s/cm³. When not using oxytocin, the non-perfused volume ratio was 70.8 ± 16.7%, the EEF was 15.8 ± 19.6 J/mm³, and the sonication time required to ablate 1 cm³ was 58.2 ± 72.7 S/cm³. Significant difference in the NPV ratio, EEF, and the sonication time required to ablate 1 cm³ between the two groups was observed. No oxytocin related adverse effects occurred.

Conclusion

Oxytocin could significantly decrease the energy for ablating adenomyosis with HIFU, safely enhance the treatment efficiency.     

Evaluation of short-term response of high intensity focused ultrasound ablation for primary hepatic carcinoma: Utility of contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging

Objective

To explore the significance of contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in evaluating the short-term response of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC).

Methods

Thirty-nine lesions in the livers of 27 patients were performed HIFU ablation. Conventional MRI sequences, CE-MRI and DWI were performed 1 week before HIFU and 1 week, 3 months after the therapy, respectively. The short-term responses of HIFU for all lesions were evaluated with MRI.

Results

28 of the 39 lesions (28/39, 71.8%) showed complete necrosis with no enhancement 1 week and 3 months after HIFU. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values 1 week and 3 months after HIFU were significantly higher than those 1 week before treatment (p < 0.05). The tumor recurrence was detected in 7 of the 39 lesions (7/39, 17.9%) which had no significant enhancement 1 week after HIFU. On the 3 months follow-up, focal nodules were found on the inner aspects of the treated areas. The ADC values had no significant difference between 1 week before and after treatment (p > 0.05), however, they were significantly higher 3 months after HIFU (p < 0.05). The tumor residuals were detected in 4 of the 39 lesions (4/39, 10.3%) showing enhancement 1 week after treatment and increased size 3 months after HIFU. The ADC values had no significant difference among 1 week before HIFU, 1 week and 3 months after treatment (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

CE-MRI and DWI can be employed to evaluate the short-term response of HIFU ablation for PHC and to guide the patient management.     

高强度聚焦超声消融治疗子宫肌瘤疗效观察

 目的 观察高强度聚焦超声(high intensity focused ultrasound, HIFU)消融治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效。方法 应用HIFU消融技术治疗74例子宫肌瘤患者,术中应用造影剂显影随时观察治疗效果,治疗后连续1周电话询问患者有无不适反应,随访治疗后1、3、6、12个月临床症状的改善情况,以及3、6、12个月复查B超,与治疗前对比评价治疗效果。结果 临床表现为月经过多、尿频、便秘、贫血的患者治疗后症状明显好转,治疗前共76例次,治疗后1、3、6、12个月分别好转51、63、72、75例次,好转率依次为67.1%、82.9%、94.7%、98.7%;治疗后3、6、12个月子宫肌瘤体积逐渐缩小,中位数(四分位数间距)分别为38.43(49.64)cm³、23.07(35.70)cm³、11.67(12.63)cm³,与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为7.391、7.424、7.424,P＜0.01),治疗后6个月、12个月与治疗后3个月比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);而治疗后6个月与12个月比较,变化不明显,差异无统计学意义。结论 HIFU消融技术可使肿瘤体积明显缩小,临床症状得到显著改善,是一种可保留子宫且安全、有效治疗子宫肌瘤的理想方法。     

高强度聚焦超声与肝动脉化疗栓塞联合治疗原发性肝癌

目的:探讨中晚期肝癌和位于肝门区肝癌先行肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)、再行高强度聚焦超声(HIFU) 治疗的意义。方法:对近年符合条件的30例肝癌患者先行TACE,而后进行HIFU治疗。另30例肝癌患者直接 给予TACE治疗。治疗后定期复查甲胎蛋白(AFP),一个月后复查超声或CT、MRI确定肿瘤是否完全坏死,以后 每3个月复查。结果:TACE加HIFU组肿瘤完全坏死率86.6%(26/30),单纯TACE组23.3%(7/30),差异有显 著意义。前组AFP转阴率73.9%(17/23),后组18.6%(5/27);前组6个月无瘤生存率100%(30/30),后组 76.6%(23/30);前组1年生存率为100%,后组1年生存率为73.3%,差异有显著意义。结论:对中晚期肝癌、位于 肝门区肝癌、边界不清的或多个病灶的肝癌先行TACE,再适时给予HIFU,可以扩大肿瘤坏死范围,增加肿瘤完全 坏死率,减少复发,提高生存率。     

Clinical utility of a microbubble-enhancing contrast (“SonoVue”) in treatment of uterine fibroids with high intensity focused ultrasound: A retrospective study

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical value of the contrast agent SonoVue in the treatment of uterine fibroids with ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapeutic ablation.

Materials and Methods

A total of 291 patients with solitary uterine fibroid from three centers were treated with ultrasound-guided HIFU. Among them, 129 patients from Suining Central Hospital of Sichuan were treated without using SonoVue. 162 patients from the First Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Haifu Hospital were treated with using SonoVue before, during and after HIFU procedure to assess the extent of HIFU.

Results

The non-perfused volume (indicative of successful ablation) was observed in all treated uterine fibroids immediately after HIFU ablation; median fractional ablation, defined as non-perfused volume divided by the fibroid volume immediately after HIFU treatment, was 86.0% (range, 28.8–100.0%) in the group with using SonoVue, and 83.0% (8.7–100.0%) without SonoVue. The rate of massive gray scale changes was higher with SonoVue than without the agent. The sonication time to achieve massive gray scale changes was shorter with SonoVue than without. The sonication time for ablating 1 cm³ of fibroid volume was significantly shorter with using SonoVue than without. No major complications were observed in any patients.

Conclusions

Based on our results, SonoVue may enhance the outcome of HIFU ablation and can be used to assess the extent of treatment.     

高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效分析

 目的 探讨高强度聚焦超声(high intensity focused ultrasound, HIFU)治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效及安全性。方法 2014-03至2015-06采用HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤患者88例,观察并分析患者术中术后反应、临床症状缓解情况及影像学改变情况。结果 治疗中无神经损伤、膀胱损伤、肠穿孔、皮肤烧伤等严重并发症发生; 35例月经量增多患者治疗后1、3、6个月后月经量减少至原月经量的百分数分别为(71±11)%、(55±10)%、(49±11)%;21例继发性贫血患者治疗前Hb水平为(92±8)g/L、治疗后6个月血红蛋白水平为(121±13) g/L,差异有统计学意义(t=8.71,P<0.05)。24例痛经患者治疗前痛经NPIS评分为(7.8±1.1),治疗后6个月痛经NPIS评分为(2.3±0.8),差异有统计学意义(t=19.81,P<0.05)。治疗后1、3、6个月超声检查显示子宫肌瘤体积缩小率为(33.23±14.03) %、(48.42±14.56) %、(63.76±18.05)%。6个月后超声检查CDFI显示所有患者肌瘤内血流信号明显减少或消失,与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(Zc=9.63,P<0.05)。结论 HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤近期疗效显著,能有效减轻临床症状,是治疗子宫肌瘤的安全、有效、无创的新方法。     

MRI评价子宫肌瘤HIFU术的价值及观察周围组织变化的研究进展

子宫肌瘤是子宫最常见的良性肿瘤,可引起月经量过多、腹痛乃至进一步影响生育功能,且有潜在的恶变倾向。诊断方法主要依靠超声及MRI,MRI空间分辨力及软组织分辨力高且受干扰因素较少,临床上常用于高强度聚焦超声消融(HIFU)术前定位及术后常规疗效评估,且在明确显示肿瘤大小、数目及邻近组织细微解剖方面明显优于超声。综述MRI观察子宫肌瘤及周围组织HIFU术前后的变化。     

六氟化硫微泡在高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫肌瘤中的临床价值

目的 探讨六氟化硫微泡在高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗子宫肌瘤中的临床应用价值.方法 2011年8月至2013年8月入院诊断为子宫肌瘤患者随机分成造影组(n=30)与非造影组(n=30),造影组HIFU治疗术前、中、后用六氟化硫微泡造影,非造影组术后造影.记录手术时间、出现块状灰度变化时间、辐照时间、肿瘤消融率、治疗剂量(J),两组参数用两独立样本t检验.结果 造影组手术时间、出现块状灰度变化时间、辐照时间、治疗剂量分别为(71.71±53.22) min,(528.74±379.14)s,(827.97±696.43)s,(295 581.81±207 182.29)J,非造影组分别为(148.14±65.12) min,(1 171A2±877A2)s,(1 770.43±1 357.62)s,(597 705.71±464389.85)J,两组各参数相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).肌瘤消融率造影组为(78.42±5.77)％,非造影组为(76.10±10.11)％,两组各参数相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).造影组患者未发生治疗区皮肤烧伤、下肢麻木,1例出现全身酸麻,并发症的发生率为1/30(3.3％).非造影组治疗区皮肤Ⅱ度烧伤1例,下肢麻木1例,全身酸麻2例,并发症的发生率为4/30(13.3％),高于前者(P＜0.001),差异有统计学意义.结论 六氟化硫微泡在HIFU热消融子宫肌瘤中,可缩短手术时间,提高肿瘤消融率,减少并发症,具有明显的增效作用,在临床中发挥着重要的指导意义.     

Ultrasound- and MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery for prostate cancer

Prostate cancer(PC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men.There are a number of treatment options for PC with a different therapeutic approach between USA and Europe.Radical prostatectomy is one of the most used therapies but focal gland therapy is an emerging approach,especially for localized tumors.In this scenario,high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) has been incorporated in certain medical association guidelines.HIFU has been employed for about 10 years especially for localized PC.Results are promising with a 5-year biochemical survival rate ranging from 45% to 84%.Collateral events are rare and HIFU retreatment is not common.Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound surgery(MRgFUS) was recently presented as a method for ablation with focused ultrasound under magnetic resonance imaging guidance.It has the advantage of improved targeting and real time temperature monitoring but only a few studies have been conducted with human patients.The aim of this review is to describe the current status of HIFU and MRgFUS in the therapy of PC.     

Therapeutic response assessment of high intensity focused ultrasound therapy for uterine fibroid: utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To assess the utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (ceUS) in the assessment of the therapeutic response to high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation in patients with uterine fibroid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients with a total of 64 uterine fibroids (mean: 5.3+/-1.2 cm; range: 3.2-8.9 cm) treated with HIFU ablation under the ultrasound guidance were evaluated with ceUS after receiving an intravenous bolus injection of a microbubble contrast agent (SonoVue) within 1 week after intervention. We obtained serial ceUS images during the time period from beginning to 5 min after the initiation of the bolus contrast injection. All of the patients underwent a contrast enhanced MRI (ceMRI) and ultrasound guided needle puncture biopsy within 1 week after HIFU ablation. And as a follow-up, all of the patients underwent US at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after HIFU treatment. The volume change was observed and compared to pre- and post-HIFU ablation. The results of the ceUS were compared with those of the ceMRI in terms of the presence or absence of residual unablated tumor and pathologic change in the treated lesions. RESULTS: On ceUS, diagnostic accuracy was 100%, while residual unablated tumors were found in three uterine fibroids (4.7%) and failed treatment was found in eight uterine fibroids (12.5%). All the 11 fibroids were subjected to additional HIFU ablation. Of the 58 ablated fibroids without residual tumors on both the ceUS and ceMRI after the HIFU ablation, the volumes of all the fibroids decreased in different degrees during the 1 year follow-up USs. And histologic examinations confirmed findings of necrotic and viable tumor tissue, respectively. CONCLUSION: CEUS is potentially useful for evaluating the early therapeutic effect of percutaneous HIFU ablation for uterine fibroids.     

高强度聚焦超声消融术联合不同药物治疗子宫腺肌病的临床疗效

目的 探讨高强度聚焦超声消融手术(FUAS)联合左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)及地诺孕素(Dienogest, DNG)治疗子宫腺肌病(AM)的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018-01至2020-10石家庄市第六医院聚焦超声治疗科确诊为AM患者150例,根据术后应用药物不同分为：A组(单纯FUAS治疗)、B组(FUAS+LNG-IUS)和C组(FUAS+DNG),每组50例。记录3组患者治疗前(T₁)、治疗后3个月(T₂)、6个月(T₃)及12个月(T₄)时,子宫体积、病灶体积、痛经评分、血红蛋白(Hb)、血CA125及并发症的情况,并进行对比分析。结果 与T₁比较,3组患者T₂-T₄时子宫体积、病灶体积明显缩小(P<0.01),CA125水平、VAS评分明显降低,HB水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与A组比较,B、C两组T₄时子宫体积、病灶体积明显缩小,CA125水平、VA...     

兔VX2肝癌HIFU治疗前后肿瘤新生血管MSCT灌注成像研究

目的通过对兔肝VX2种植瘤高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗前后MSCT灌注参数与肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的相关性研究,探讨MSCT灌注成像活体评价肝肿瘤血管生成的价值。方法 30只VX2肝种植瘤模型兔,分为对照组和治疗组,治疗组进行HIFU治疗,分别对两组试验动物行MSCT灌注成像检查,并用免疫组织化学方法测定MVD、VEGF表达情况,分析MSCT灌注参数与MVD和VEGF的相关性。结果治疗组灌注参数、MVD及VEGF表达程度均明显低于对照组,VEGF和MVD的表达呈显著正相关,MSCT灌注参数中,肝总血流灌注量(HBF),毛细血管表面通透性(PS)和肝灌注指数(HAI)与VEGF、MVD的表达均呈高度正相关,而肝血容积(HBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)与VEGF、MVD的表达无相关性。结论 MSCT灌注参数与MVD、VEGF表达有明显相关性,可用于活体评价肿瘤血管生成。     

超声微泡对比剂增强高强度聚焦超声治疗作用研究进展

高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)是非侵袭性治疗肿瘤的一种重要手段,其安全性、有效性已得到医患的一致认可,但治疗时间长,消融效率低限制了其应用.近年来,关于HIFU增效剂的研究已有进展,超声微泡对比剂作为一种安全有效的HIFU增效剂,能有效缩短治疗时间,提高消融效率,是当前研究的热点.本文就超声对比剂增强HIFU治疗作用的现状及进展作一综述.     

DWI监测子宫肌瘤HIFU术后早期疗效的价值

目的:探讨DWI评价子宫肌瘤高强度聚焦超声(high-intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU)术后早期疗效的价值。方法:24例患者共26个肌瘤在HIFU术前1周及消融后1周行DWI、CE-MRI检查,分析残留肌瘤组织的DWI信号特征,并比较DWI与CE-MRI测得的残留肌瘤组织体积。结果:24例DWI、CE-MRI均能发现残留肌瘤组织;HIFU术后1周子宫肌瘤残留区DWI信号较前略升高;术后1周残留部分平均ADC值为(1.552±0.142)×10-3 mm2/s,较术前有升高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.005)。DWI与CE-MRI对术后1周残留组织平均体积的测量,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson法显示,DWI与CE-MRI测量肌瘤残留部分体积呈高度相关(r=0.95,P<0.005)。结论:DWI是监测早期子宫肌瘤HIFU术后不完全消融非常有效的方法。     

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy for local treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: role of partial rib resection

Objective

It has long been known that high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can kill tissue through coagulative necrosis. However, it is only in recent years that practical clinical applications are becoming possible. Since the ribs have strong reflections to ultrasonic beams, they may affect the deposition of ultrasound energy, decreasing the efficacy of HIFU treatment and increasing the chance of adverse events when the intra-abdominal tumours concealed by ribs are treated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of partial rib resection on the efficacy and safety of HIFU treatment.

Methods

This prospective study was approved by the ethics committee at Chongqing University of Medical Sciences. An informed consent form was obtained from each patient and family member. A total of 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), consisting of 13 males and 3 females, were studied. All patients had the successful HIFU treatment. To create a better acoustic pathway for HIFU treatment, all of the 16 patients had the ribs that shield the tumour mass to be removed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate the efficacy of HIFU treatment.

Results

Sixteen cases had 23 nodules, including 12 cases with a single nodule, 1 case with 2 nodules, 3 cases with 3 nodules. The mean diameter of tumours was 7.0 ± 2.1 cm (5-10 cm). According to TNM classification, 9 patients were diagnosed as stage II, 4 patients were stage III, and 3 patients were stage IV. Follow-up imaging showed an absence of tumour blood supply and shrinkage of all treated lesions. The survival rates at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years were 100%, 83.3%, 69.4%, 55.6%, and 55.6%, respectively. No serious complications were observed in the patients treated with HIFU.

Conclusion

Partial rib resection can create a better acoustic pathway of HIFU therapy. Even though it is an invasive treatment, this measure offers patients an improved prospect of complete tumour ablation when no other treatment is available.     

镇静止痛条件下聚焦超声治疗实体肿瘤的初步临床研究

目的初步评价镇静止痛条件下采用高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)对良性和晚期恶性肿瘤患者实施消融和姑息性消融治疗的安全性和有效性。方法静脉应用芬太尼(1μg/kg)及咪唑安定(0.03mg/kg)创建镇静止痛条件,应用JC型HIFU治疗系统对23例良性和58例晚期恶性肿瘤患者实施消融和姑息性消融治疗,观察镇静止痛药物及HIFU消融治疗的近期疗效、不良反应。结果在镇静止痛条件下,81例患者共进行112例次HIFU消融手术,其中23例良性肿瘤患者治疗26例次,58例恶性肿瘤患者姑息性治疗86例次,共治疗153个病灶。在可评价的疗效中,病灶体积消融率达到50%以上的病灶占81%(89/110),其中恶性肿瘤为72.2%(52/72),良性肿瘤为97.4%(37/38)。恶性肿瘤患者中81.3%(13/16)的患者肿瘤标志物下降>50%;肿瘤相关症状缓解率77%(30/39)。镇静止痛药物不良反应包括恶心、呼吸频率过缓、幻视等,HIFU治疗的主要副反应包括,治疗区疼痛及肿胀等。未出现三度以上镇静止痛药物或HIFU治疗的相关并发症。结论在镇静止痛条件下,HIFU消融治疗实体肿瘤具有较好的安全性、有效性和可操作性。