重视和加强颅脑火器伤的临床救治

颅脑火器伤在所有的部位伤中死亡率最高 ,也是火器伤救治的难点。在美国每年约有 330 0 0人死于火器伤 ,居美国十大意外死亡原因之首[1] 。颅脑火器伤常常累及脑、颌面部、颈部大血管、脊髓等众多组织器官 ,涉及神经外科、颌面外科、眼科、耳鼻喉科以及整形外科等多个相关学科 ,伤势严重 ,伤情复杂 ,牵涉环节多 ,给伤情的正确判断、救治等造成很大困难。因此 ,提高颅脑火器伤的临床救治水平是当前火器伤研究的一个重要课题 ,必须予以重视和加强。一、重视颅脑火器伤的急救36%的颅脑火器伤患者死于院前 ,只有 64%的患者有机会进入医院进行抢…     

火器伤伤道血管续发突发性大出血特点及原因

对9例火器伤伤道血管续发突发性大出血伤例的救治进行观察,探讨其伤情特点,总结其大出血原因及救治体会,以指导临床对火器伤伤道出血的防治。     

我国火器伤文献计量分析

火器伤是战伤的主要组成部分。据以往数次战争的战伤统计,火器伤占所有战伤的80%～100%。当前世界的主题是和平与发展,但也不能排除爆发局部战争的可能性。尤其随着新武器的不断出现,火器伤的伤情更趋向复杂和严重。因此,火器伤的救治已成为创伤外科专家们重视的课题。为了解和借鉴他人的救治经验,提高救治水平,掌握当前火器伤救治的有关情况,充分利用已有的文献信息显得十分必要。本文运用文献计量学方法,研究了国内1982～1996年发表的文献,希望能对医务人员和研究人员提供一些有帮助的信息。1　材料和方法　　利用中国医学科学院医学情报…     

四肢爆炸伤临床救治的研究进展

爆炸性武器在现代战争中的大量应用，不仅使当前火器伤的伤情结构发生了明显改变，同时也使伤情特点发生了明显的变化，从而使爆炸伤的救治变得更为困难和复杂。与一般火器伤相比，爆炸伤显然更为严重（局部组织严重毁损，全身反应剧烈）。为了对爆炸伤的救治有一个初步的认识，本文从四肢爆炸伤的临床救治出发，简要综述其主要的研究进展。     

急性危重型单纯颅脑火器伤13例死亡原因分析

通过临床救治和对本组13例的尸体解剖观察,探讨急性危重型颅脑火器伤伤情特点,认为早期彻底清创、严密观察伤情及预防并发症等措施可提高其生存率和救治率。     

100例创伤性动脉瘤的救治

创伤性动脉瘤也称假性动脉瘤，多见于战时火器伤，常出现在血管创伤的晚期。我们自１９７９～１９９４年收治血管火器伤５００例，其中发生假性动脉瘤１００例，发生率较高。重点报告火器伤假性动脉瘤的救治。一、临床资料本组５００例火器性周围血管伤病人中发生假性动脉...     

下肢火器伤的临床特点与救治

下肢火器伤是战时和平时最常见的严重损伤,若处理不当,可导致不良后果,甚至截肢。我院1978～1989年收治下肢火器伤53例,男性45例,女性8例;年龄17～41岁。炸伤33例,枪伤20例。现将下肢火器伤的临床特点与救治报告如下。     

骨盆火器伤死亡3例剖检资料分析

通过对3例骨盆火器伤尸体解剖观察,探讨骨盆火器伤早期伤情特点,总结死亡原因,以提高骨盆火器伤的救治水平。     

波黑战争中肢体火器伤救治的某些特点

历时四年多的波黑战争是第二次世界大战以来欧洲爆发的持续时间较长、伤亡较大的内战。这场战争大约使数万人丧生，数十万人受伤，200多万人流离失所。在火器伤救治方面，由于这场战争战线相对稳定，救治医院距离前线较近，伤员常能在伤后数分钟或数小时内送至具有专科救治能力的医院。同时，由于救治能力缺乏，不少伤员又难以得到及时治疗，因而波黑战争火器伤救治具有某些特点，我们将其中肢体软组织、骨及血管火器伤救治的一些特点综述如下。1肢体火器伤概况Rooyen等[1]报告，在波黑战争中收治的170例伤员中，上肢火器伤21．7％，下肢伤…     

腹部火器伤迟发性死亡6例尸解资料分析

本文对战区二线医院腹部火器伤死亡伤列进行尸解观察,发现了腹部火器伤迟发性死亡原因。火器伤是一种特殊的伤型,致伤腹腔时可造成多部位、多脏器损伤。救治中易漏诊,而发生腹腔感染和 并发症死亡。早期救治强调快速诊治、手术彻底、伤处引流通畅和早期合理使用抗生素等。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.