320排动态容积CT尿路造影在尿路梗阻性疾病中的临床应用价值

目的探讨320排动态容积CT对尿路梗阻性疾病的临床应用价值。方法使用320排动态容积CT对64例患者进行扫描及CT尿路造影重建,所有病变均通过手术或病理证实,其中泌尿系结石51例、泌尿系统肿瘤9例、泌尿系结核4例。结果所有病例经CT尿路造影均可清晰显示尿路梗阻性病变的位置、形态及与周围组织的关系等,从而做出定性诊断。结论 320排动态容积CT诊断尿路梗阻性病变定位、定性准确,具有重要的临床价值。     

320排CT造影剂跟踪技术在肾血管造影中的应用

目的探讨320排CT(Aquilion One)造影剂自动跟踪技术在肾血管造影(CTA)中的应用价值。方法应用Aquilion One 320排CT对100例有临床症状患者进行宽探测器平台下容积(VOLUM)扫描或螺旋(HELICAL)扫描,A组病例采用Aquilion One造影剂自动跟踪技术50例,B组病例未采用自动跟踪技术50例,所有数据在附台随机强大的后处理软件进行血管三维重建,然后对CTA图像显示效果进行对照分析。结果采用自动跟踪技术的A组肾CTA的造影成功率及图像质量优于未采用自动跟踪技术的B组,A组明显优于B组(P0.05)。结论肾CTA常规采用自动跟踪技术可提高肾供血血管CT成像的成功率并提高其图像质量。利于肾脏病变的诊断并为临床制定治疗方案提供可靠的依据。     

多排螺旋CT三维重建在鼻骨外伤骨折诊断中的准确性及临床应用价值

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT三维重建在鼻骨外伤骨折诊断中的准确性及临床应用价值.方法:对28例面部外伤患者进行多排螺旋CT薄层扫描和三维后重建成像,得出影像诊断鼻骨骨折的直观性及准确性.结果:多排螺旋CT三维重建成像能够立体地显示骨折的位置、形态、范围和类型.结论:多排螺旋CT三维重建成像对于显示鼻骨骨折的空间关系具有重要的诊断价值.     

64排螺旋CT胸部三合一扫描在急性胸痛检查中的应用

目的探讨64排螺旋CT胸部“三合一”扫描在急性胸痛检查中的应用。方法利用飞利浦64排螺旋CT进行胸部“三合一”增强扫描，57例获得原始横断面图像后，采用容积再现（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、多平面重建（MPR）技术处理图像，29例与DSA结果进行比较。结果所有病例CT三合一扫描一次检查均获成功，显示冠状动脉狭窄25例，闭塞1例；急性肺动脉栓塞3例；主动脉夹层6例；房间隔缺损2例。结论64排螺旋CT胸部一次扫描获得冠状动脉、主动脉及肺动脉重建图像，对于诊断冠心病、主动脉夹层、肺动脉栓塞等导致急性胸痛的常见疾病是一种方便可靠的无创检查方法，具有重要临床应用价值。     

16排螺旋CT胃癌诊断和CT-TNM分期的价值

目的评价16排螺旋CT平扫及双期增强扫描在胃癌诊断和TNM分期的价值,探讨胃癌的影像学征象及其与手术病理检查结果的关系。方法以53例经手术病理检查证实为胃癌的患者为研究对象,分析其平扫、动脉期及静脉期扫描和多平面重建(MPR)图像。结果16排螺旋CT对胃癌T分期、N分期和M分期的准确性分别为83.02%、80.00%和92.45%,对胃癌TNM分期总准确性为84.91%。结论利用16排螺旋CT平扫及双期增强扫描尤其是局部薄层重建、MPR和恰当的窗技术,能较全面、准确地进行胃癌病灶的诊断和TNM分期,有助于临床选择恰当的手术切除范围、手术方式和制定综合治疗方案。     

多层螺旋CT三维重建成像技术在输尿管梗阻诊断的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT三维重建成像技术对输尿管梗阻诊断的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析临床输尿管梗阻病变30例临床资料,所有病例均行螺旋CT增强扫描。扫描图像减薄,层厚2.5mm,层间距2.5mm。所有数据传入工作站进行三维重建,并对重建后输尿管图像与CT轴位平扫图像及X线平片对比分析。结果:三维重建泌尿系图像清晰显示输尿管空间结构。结论:多层螺旋CT三维重建技术获得的图像能以最优形式清晰、立体地显示输尿管解剖结构及空间位置关系,对诊断输尿管梗阻原因具有重要价值。     

64排螺旋CT胆道成像对梗阻性黄疸诊断的临床价值

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT增强扫描胆道成像对梗阻性黄疸的临床诊断价值.方法 选择2008年5月至2010年5月期间住院的295例梗阻性黄疸患者,应用64排螺旋CT进行中上腹部的常规及增强扫描,同时行三维胆系重建成像,对胆道梗阻的原因进行定位和定性诊断,并与手术所见及术后病理结果进行对比.结果 181例胆总管结石患者,除3例阴性结石未显示外,其余178例术前64排螺旋CT增强扫描胆道图像重建均清晰显示结石所在,定位定性诊断准确率达98.34%.14例肝胆管结石症及3例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者均得到正确定位及定性诊断,诊断准确率达100%.87例胆管肿瘤或壶腹部肿瘤,86例64排螺旋CT增强扫描术前准确定位,定位诊断准确率达98.85%,81例患者得到正确定位及定性诊断,定性诊断准确率达91.95%.结论 64排螺旋CT增强扫描胆道成像对梗阻性黄疸诊断成像清晰,定位定性诊断准确,值得临床进一步研究应用.     

“光子杯”CT新技术征文通知

在过去的四十年中,随着x射线球管、探测器技术、CT系统设计、图像重建算法以及计算机技术的不断发展,CT图像质量得到了明显的提高。尤其是在最近十年里,随着从扫描环节到图像重建环节整个影像链的构建发生革命性的变化,CT得到了迅猛的发展,CT的扫描速度和诊断能力都发生了根本性的改进,大大拓展了CT在临床上的应用范围。现代高端CT在继承传统CT成像技术的同时,还不断创新推出CT先进的成像技术,如Stellar光子探测器、锐影成像技术、大螺距炫速扫描、原始数据迭代算法成像等均已应用于临床。     

CT三维图像重建在关节内骨折诊断中的应用

目的 探讨螺旋CT三维图像重建显示关节内骨折的价值。方法 在20例关节内骨折患者中应用Hispeed螺旋CT机进行扫描,再将资料通过Windows工作站应用成像软件进行表面遮盖法三维成像,或再以关节解体技术充分显示损伤的关节面,细致观察关节损伤情况。结果 CT三维图像重建能清晰显示所有病例的关节内骨折及损伤细节情况,结合关节解体技术,能逼真地显示关节损伤的立体形态。所示结构清晰,与临床实际相符,无失真现象。结论 螺旋CT三维重建技术,结合关节解体技术和图像旋转技术,能显示关节内骨折的细节,术前应用有利于选择手术入路及内固定方法,减少手术创伤和失误。     

“光子杯”CT新技术征文通知

<正>在过去的四十年中,随着X射线球管、探测器技术、CT系统设计、图像重建算法以及计算机技术的不断发展,CT图像质量得到了明显的提高。尤其是在最近十年里,随着从扫描环节到图像重建环节整个影像链的构建发生革命性的变化,CT得到了迅猛的发展,CT的扫描速度和诊断能力都发生了根本性的改进,大大拓展了CT在临床上的应用范围。现代高端CT在继承传统CT成像技术的同时,还不断创新推出CT先进的成像技术,如Stellar光子探测器、锐影成像技术、大螺距炫速扫描、原始数据迭代算法成像等均已应用于临床。     

Role of computed tomography urography in the clinical evaluation of upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Intravenous urography has been widely used for the evaluation of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. However, computed tomography urography presently has a higher diagnostic accuracy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (94.2–99.6%) than intravenous urography (80.8–84.9%), and has replaced intravenous urography as the first‐line imaging test for investigating patients with a high risk of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Although the detection rate for bladder tumors using standard computed tomography urography is not yet high enough to replace cystoscopy, the addition of a 60‐ to 80‐s delayed scan after the administration of contrast material for the whole pelvis improves the detection rate. A drawback to computed tomography urography is the higher radiation dose of 15–35 mSv, compared with a mean effective dose of 5–10 mSv for intravenous urography. Among several approaches to reducing the radiation dose, the use of an iterative reconstruction algorithm is most likely to become an effective solution because of its simplicity. One advantage of computed tomography urography over intravenous urography is its ability to reliably differentiate between upper tract urothelial carcinoma and calculi or blood clots. Computed tomography urography also shows characteristic findings of other benign conditions. These findings, in combination with negative cytology, are very important diagnostic clues for avoiding an unnecessary nephroureterectomy. For the clinical staging, a recent study has reported the high diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography urography with respect to ≥pT3 tumors. The present review shows the current status of computed tomography urography for the evaluation of upper tract urothelial carcinoma.     

320排CT三维重建联合血管造影对经皮肾镜碎石术手术转归的影响

目的评价320排CT三维重建联合血管造影(CTA)在经皮肾镜碎石术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2010年3月至2012年5月90例复杂肾结石,其中50例患者术前仅行静脉尿路造影(IVU)检查(对照组);另外40例患者术前行IVU外再加做肾脏320排三维重建及CTA(320CTA组)。术后比较2组患者的结石清除率及术后并发症等指标。结果所有患者全部穿刺成功,建立通道满意,一期清石率对照组为76%(38/50),320CTA组为82.5%(33/40)。术后对照组血色素下降为(11.9±9.7)g/L,320CTA组血色素下降(6.4±6.6)g/L,两者有统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者均无胸膜及内脏器官损伤。结论对于复杂肾结石,320排三维重建及CTA可以明确结石、肾盂肾盏、肾分支血管三者关系,以利于设计最佳通道,避开较大血管,从而提高清石率及降低大出血风险,在经皮肾镜碎石术前评估中有其独特的价值。     

胃造影动态容积CT三维重建技术的建立及应用

目的 探讨胃造影动态容积CT三维重建技术在胃部疾病诊断和病情评估的临床应用价值.方法 结合320排容积CT具有“薄”（层厚0.5 mm）、“大”（人体纵轴16 cm）、“快”（单圈扫描0.35s）等特点,胃造影动态容积CT扫描后应用三维重建技术,具体分析胃及十二指肠球部的大小、形态、位置、壁厚薄、蠕动性、黏膜病变、动态增强表现及上腹部（包括肝、胆、胰、脾等脏器与周围血管等）的影像信息,并与纤维胃镜进行对比分析.共收集62例胃部疾病患者,包括胃肿瘤性病变29例、溃疡性病变6例、胃炎20例、胃憩室2例（均由手术病理或胃镜组织活检证实）,胃周血管病变5例（由血管造影证实）.结果 溃疡性病变及肿瘤性病变的诊断结果接近纤维胃镜的诊断结果,胃炎的诊断结果略差;肿瘤性病变能准确定位、定性、明确病灶转移及血供情况.结论 胃造影动态容积CT三维重建技术对胃及十二指肠疾病的准确定位及定性均有重要价值,尤其对肿瘤性病变术前的具体病情评估及手术方案拟定具有明显优势,为胃及十二指肠疾病的诊断提供了一个崭新的研究方法,值得临床推广应用.     

320排螺旋CT血管造影和三维重建在阴股沟穿支皮瓣临床设计中的应用

目的：以320排螺旋CT血管造影和三维重建为基础,尝试在临床为阴股沟穿支皮瓣血管蒂的术前设计提供体表定位方法.方法：对18名需运用阴股沟穿支皮瓣行会阴部再造的实验组患者,术前进行320排螺旋CT血管造影和三维重建,并通过影像学资料为阴股沟穿支皮瓣血管蒂提供体表定位,从而进一步指导手术.同时设置对照组,包括20名运用阴股沟穿支皮瓣行会阴部再造患者,未使用CT血管造影技术.结果：两组共38名患者皮瓣完全存活,实验组手术时间较对照组明显缩短（P＜0.0001）,术后并发症实验组明显减少（P＜0.05）.皮瓣外观形态满意,生理功能接近正常.结论：320排螺旋CT血管造影及三维重建为阴股沟穿支皮瓣血管蒂的术前体表定位提供了一种可靠、有效的方法.     

多层面螺旋CT泌尿系成像的临床应用价值

目的：探讨多层面螺旋CT泌尿系成像(MSCTU)对泌尿系疾病的诊断价值。方法：对以肾绞痛、IVU不显影或血尿为主诉的64例行CT平扫、肾脏增强双期扫描及尿路造影，将资料传至工作站，采用最大强度投影、多平面重建及容积重建等后处理技术，重建泌尿系图像。结果：64例肾盂和膀胱全部显示(100％)，输尿管全程显示者64例(110侧)。其中泌尿系结石16例(25％)；非结石病变48例(75％)，对上尿路梗阻原因诊断正确率100％，并可充分而直观地显示病变立体形态及其与周围组织的关系。结论：MSCTU重建图像清晰，对泌尿系肿瘤、结石或其他上尿路梗阻性疾病有着独特的临床应用价值。     

Computed tomography urography technique, indications and limitations

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review discusses the different techniques of computed tomography urography reported in the literature and presents the author's preferred approach. RECENT FINDINGS: Multiphase computed tomography urography offers a comprehensive evaluation of the urinary tract but at the cost of a large dose of contrast medium (100-150 ml), high radiation dose and massive number of images for interpretation. Diuresis induced by frusemide (10 mg) is reported to improve the depiction of ureters in the excretory phase of the examination. The author's preferred approach is a limited computed tomography urography which includes precontrast scanning of the kidneys, followed by an excretory phase 5 min after intravenous injection of 50 ml of contrast medium and 10 mg of frusemide. This limited examination in the author's experience provides a satisfactory evaluation of the urinary tract in the majority of patients, without inflicting a high radiation dose on the patient. SUMMARY: A limited computed tomography urography examination is adequate for the majority of patients requiring excretory urography and a superior replacement of conventional intravenous urography. Information provided by a multiphase computed tomography urography examination is beneficial only in a small number of patients.     

Clinical staging of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma for T staging: Review and pictorial essay

Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is staged using the TNM classification of malignant tumors. Preoperative TNM is important for treatment planning. Computed tomography urography is now widely used for clinical survey of upper urinary tract carcinoma because of its diagnostic accuracy. Computed tomography urography is recommended as the first‐line imaging procedure in several guidelines. Several reports stated that computed tomography urography is also useful for staging. However, no educational and practical reviews detailing the T staging of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas using imaging are available. We discuss the scanning protocol, T staging using computed tomography urography, limitations, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography comparison and pitfalls in imaging of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. A recent study reported the high diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography urography with respect to T3 or higher stage tumors. To date, images that show a Tis–T2 stage have not been reported, but various studies are ongoing. Although magnetic resonance imaging has lower spatial resolution than computed tomography urography, magnetic resonance imaging can be carried out without radiation exposure or contrast agents. Magnetic resonance imaging also offers the unique ability of diffusion‐weighted imaging without contrast agent use. Some researchers reported that diffusion‐weighted imaging is useful not only for detecting lesions, but for predicting the T stage and tumor grade. We recommend the appropriate use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance while considering the limitations of each modality and the pitfalls in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma imaging.     

16层CT尿路造影在136例泌尿系疾病患者中的应用

目的探讨16排螺旋CT尿路造影（CTU）对泌尿系疾病的诊断价值。方法136例泌尿系疾病患者行16排CT实质期、排泄期检查。数据经工作站重建后获得CTU图像。结果136例就检患者中,结石70例,先天畸形17例,肿瘤24例,其他25例。17例先天畸形和7例膀胱癌全膀胱切除肠代膀胱根据临床资料做出诊断,23例结石经体外震波冲击碎石证实,余80余例均由手术及病理证实。结论CTU对泌尿系疾病的诊断具有良好的效果,可以替代腹部平片加静脉肾盂造影（KUB＋IVP）。     

Computed tomography urography, three-dimensional computed tomography and virtual endoscopy

Spiral computed tomography technology allows an entire body region to be imaged as a continuous volume of computed tomography data. The acquisition of genitourinary images can be performed at different intervals after intravenous contrast injection in order to characterize the renal vasculature, the renal parenchyma or the collecting system. Computed tomography scanning as contrast is excreted into the collecting system is termed a 'computed tomography urogram'. Volumetric data from spiral computed tomography can be rendered into conventional two-dimensional images or even reformatted into three-dimensional views of organ systems or hollow structures, as in 'fly-through' virtual endoscopy. Although virtual endoscopy of the urinary tract remains in its infancy, three-dimensional imaging is currently a useful adjunct in the evaluation of renal transplant and donor patients and partial nephrectomy candidates. The role of computed tomography urography compared with intravenous urography in the evaluation of hematuria is discussed.     

Simultaneous antegrade urography of the upper urinary tract and retrograde cystography combined with computed tomography imaging in the management of ureteral complications after renal transplantation

BackgroundTo investigate the significance of simultaneous urography of the upper and lower urinary tract of transplanted kidneys combined with computed tomography urography (CTU), computed tomography arteriography (CTA), and computed tomography venography imaging in the planning of open surgery performed to treat any ureteral complications of a transplanted kidney.MethodsIn all, 24 patients with ureteral complications after renal transplantation were admitted, 12 of whom had renal graft ostomy during open surgery. Simultaneous antegrade urography of the upper urinary tract and retrograde cystography of the transplanted kidneys were performed on the patients. With the use of computed tomography imaging results, surgical planning was carried out.ResultsAll surgeries were successfully completed according to preoperative planning. Three patients underwent end-to-end anastomosis of the ureter and bladder muscle flap, 8 patients underwent ureterocystostomy, and 1 patient underwent an end-to-end ureteral anastomosis. After the follow-up up to now, all the patients had stable renal function, and no complications such as ureteral stenosis or urine leakage have thus far reoccurred in the transplanted kidneys.ConclusionsWhen open surgery is required to treat any ureteral complications following renal transplantation, preoperative multiangle imaging can be used to better understand the condition of the transplanted urinary tract and thus aid considerably in surgical planning.