肿瘤高扩增区域上的lncRNA-PVT1研究进展

随着科技的快速发展,全基因组测序技术已经证实了许多非编码RNA可以参与肿瘤的发生发展.然而,相较于短链非编码RNA的大量研究,长链非编码RNA的功能仍存在更大的未知性.PVT1,一个长链非编码RNA,由人类PVT1基因编码,位于染色体8q24这个与肿瘤相关的“基因沙漠区”.该lncRNA在肿瘤中已被证实存在3种作用机制,即参与DNA的重排,编码microRNA以及与MYC互作调控其稳定性.双微体是基因的主要扩增形式之一,可承载多种致癌基因以及耐药基因,PVT1位于多种细胞系的双微体上.针对PVT1与肿瘤的研究表明,PVT1在多种肿瘤中都是潜在的致癌基因.然而,其在肿瘤中的分子机制尚未明确.     

长链非编码RNA调控巨噬细胞功能的作用机制研究进展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类本身不编码蛋白、转录本长度超过200 bp的RNA.lncRNA最初被认为是RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录的副产物,是一种"噪音",不具有生物学功能.但近年研究证实,lncRNA参与X染色体沉默、染色体修饰和基因组修饰、转录激活、转录干扰、核内运输等过程,其调控作用被越来越多研究者关注.多个研...     

非编码RNA在肿瘤中对自噬的调控

非编码RNA（ncRNA）是不参与蛋白质编码的RNA的总称,包括微小RNA（miRNA）、siRNA、piRNA、长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）、转运RNA（tRNA）、核糖体RNA（rRNA）等。其在蛋白质转录与后转录过程中有重要的调节作用。自噬是细胞在异常环境中维持生存的一种方式。大量研究表明自噬与肿瘤也存在着密切的关系,而自噬对于肿瘤的影响具有“两面性”。许多研究探讨了非编码RNA在肿瘤细胞中对于自噬过程的调控．文章综述了miRNA与lncRNA这两种研究深入的非编码RNA。     

长链非编码RNA通过ceRNA在乳腺癌中的调控机制

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一种长度大于200 nt的不具有编码蛋白质功能的RNA。lncRNA在多种肿瘤中存在差异性表达,通过转录调控、转录后调控等方式影响肿瘤的增殖、侵袭、转移、耐药等。多项研究表明,lncRNA可通过竞争性内源性RNA(competing endogenous RNA,ceRNA)机制与miRNA相互作用,并影响其它RNA、蛋白的表达,影响疾病进程;提示lncRNA可能是一种肿瘤标志物和潜在的治疗靶点。该文现就lncRNA通过ceRNA调控乳腺癌的研究进展进行综述。     

长链非编码RNA在 疫应答中的研究进展

随着高通量测序的出现,人类基因组中证实存在一类没有蛋白编码功能、长度大于200个核苷酸的长链非编码RNA (lncRNA),经进一步的深入研究,发现其与肿瘤、心脑血管等疾病的发病密切相关.然而,lncRNA在免疫系统中的作用研究尚属一个新兴领域,近些年来的研究表明lncRNA亦参与了免疫调节的过程,在固有免疫和适应性免疫中发挥着不容忽视的作用.因此,对免疫系统中lncRNA功能的阐述将有助于理解各种免疫性疾病的发病机制.     

长链非编码RNA调控肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类长度>200个核苷酸、通常不编码蛋白质的RNA。近年研究表明,lncRNA在肿瘤的的发展过程中发挥抑癌或促癌作用,参与细胞增殖、凋亡等过程。本综述简要介绍lncRNA的生物学功能及其调控细胞凋亡的研究进展。     

恶性肿瘤中MNX1反义RNA 1的作用及机制研究进展

正长链非编码RNA (long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类广泛存在于细胞核和细胞质内、长度在200 nt以上、缺少开放阅读框、不参与或很少参与蛋白质编码、主要从蛋白编码基因的反义链及间隔区转录出来的RNA~([1-6])。已有大量研究证实,lnc RNA涉及调控多种生物学功能,比如细胞增殖、凋亡及血管生成~([7-9])。表达异常的lnc RNA与诸多肿瘤的发生发展密切相关~([10-11])。     

位于高扩增区域chr20q13.31的lncRNA NKILA在疾病中的研究进展

肿瘤细胞基因组发生的异常扩增通常与患者预后紧密联系, 扩增事件的发生常常伴随转录组RNA的表达水平改变, 长非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)作为转录组中占比较大的一类RNA, 其基因组扩增导致的lncRNA过表达已被证实可通过多种生物学过程促进肿瘤的恶性进展。一个定位于肿瘤中常见的扩增区域chr20q13.31的lncRNA, 核转录因子κB(nuclear factor-kappa B, NF-κB)互作的长非编码RNA(NF-κB interacting lncRNA, NKILA)在不同疾病中发挥不同作用, 既能作为保护因子也能促进疾病恶化。本文着重阐述了位于常见高扩增区域的lncRNA NKILA在疾病中的研究进展。     

长链非编码RNA作为自身免疫病生物标志物的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)指不编码蛋白质的基因转录产物,参与多种生物学过程,其异常表达与许多疾病有关.lncRNA在免疫调节中发挥重要作用,参与固有免疫与适应性免疫过程,与自身免疫性疾病有关.近年来研究发现,lncRNA可在mRNA转录、蛋白质翻译和修饰等过程中发挥调控作用...     

Carboplatin-docetaxel-induced activity against ovarian cancer is dependent on up-regulated lncRNA PVT1

Ovarian cancer is the fourth most ordinary cause of cancer-related deaths in women. In recent, combination chemotherapy with carboplatin and docetaxel was developed as first-line drug to treat ovarian carcinoma. However, the detailed molecular mechanism, which accounts for the cells to apoptosis induced by administration of carboplatin and docetaxel, was unrecognized. In present study, we provide the mechanistic link between mixture of carboplatin plus docetaxel and its anticancer activity. Primarily, a majority of 30 cancer-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) showed differential alteration in carboplatin-docetaxel-treated 3AO cells. Among six up-regulating lncRNAs, we screened out carboplatin-docetaxel-induced lncRNA PVT1 which may be a central downstream target of carboplatin plus docetaxel because expression of PVT1 positively correlates with anticancer action of carboplatin plus docetaxel. Besides, p53 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP1) were mediated by lncRNA PVT1, which may explain partially the anticancer activity of lncRNA PVT1. Collectively, we have identified a potential mechanism by which PVT1 regulated by carboplatin plus docetaxel contributes to the carboplatin-docetaxel-induced anticancer action in ovarian cancer. These discoveries also give proof of the potential of PVT1 as significant downstream targets for therapeutic intervention in ovarian cancer.     

卵巢癌与非编码RNA研究进展

卵巢癌是全球女性因癌症死亡的第5大病因,尽早明确诊断并积极治疗是改善预后的有效方法。随着测序技术的不断发展,人们发现了大量的种类丰富的非编码RNA。ncRNAs在细菌、真菌和哺乳动物等多种生物体的活动中可作为致癌驱动因子和肿瘤抑制因子,对肿瘤的发生、发展起到调控作用,ncRNA有望成为肿瘤诊治的新型生物标志物和治疗靶点。探索ncRNA可为卵巢癌的研究提供一些系统性新思路。现将卵巢癌相关ncRNA最新研究进展进行综述,并着重讨论微小RNA（miRNA）、长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）及环状RNA（circRNA）在卵巢癌中的作用。     

长链非编码RNA调控乳腺癌发生发展的研究进展

乳腺癌是女性最常见的疾病之一,由于本身的复杂性和异质性,使其仍然是公共卫生领域的一大难题。近几年来随着技术的发展,长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）受到了广泛的关注。大量研究表明,长链非编码RNA由于其关键的生物调控功能,在肿瘤的发生、发展中发挥着重要作用。尽管长链非编码RNA的具体分子机制尚未完全明确,但最近的研究表明,许多长链非编码RNA在多种肿瘤中表达异常,其中包括乳腺癌。本文主要对长链非编码RNA与乳腺癌的最新研究进行了综述,并进一步探索长链非编码RNA在影响乳腺癌增殖、凋亡、侵袭、转移中的分子机制。     

Overexpression of long non-coding RNA UCA1 predicts a poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Introduction: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have important regulatory roles in cancer biology, and the lncRNA UCA1 is upregulated in several cancers such as bladder cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer, however, the contributions of UCA1 to esophageal cancer remain largely unknown. Methods: Expression levels of lncRNA UCA1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients and esophageal cancer cell lines were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and its association with overall survival of patients was analyzed by statistical analysis. Small interfering RNA was used to suppress UCA1 expression in esophageal cancer cell line. In vitro assays were conducted to further explore its underlying roles in tumor progression. Results: The relative level of UCA1 was significantly higher in ESCC tissues compared to the adjacent non-tumor tissues, and remarkably higher expression of UCA1 was found in esophageal cancer cell lines compared with the immortalized esophageal epithelial cell line NE1. The ESCC patients with higher UCA1 expression had an advanced clinical stage and a poorer prognosis than those with lower expression. In vitro assays, our data indicated that downregulation of UCA1 decrease cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability. Conclusions: lncRNA UCA1 might be considered as a novel molecule involved in ESCC progression, which provides a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.     

长链非编码RNA与口腔癌研究进展

口腔癌(oral cancer)是口腔外科常见的恶性肿瘤,易发生转移且预后不容乐观,长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类内源性的长度大于200个核苷酸、缺少特异完整的开放阅读框,不具有蛋白质编码功能的转录本,最初认为并没有生物学功能,但随着生物学技术的发展,发现其能够在表观遗传水平、转录水平和转录后水平等多个层面上调控基因的表达,从而影响机体生长、发育、衰老和死亡等重要的生命活动以及疾病的发生和发展。近年来的研究显示口腔癌的发生、发展、侵袭、转移和预后与lncRNA的表达水平密切相关。因此本文对lncRNA在口腔癌中的研究进展进行论述,并探讨lncRNA与口腔癌发生、发展之间的关系,旨在进一步阐述lncRNA与OSCC的关系并为寻找口腔癌肿瘤标志物提供新的方向,为口腔癌患者提供新的治疗策略。     

High expression of long non-coding RNA ANRIL is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Introduction: long non-coding RNA ANRIL (lncRNA ANRIL) has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in cancer progression. However, its effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of lncRNA NRIL in human HCC. Methods: In this study, we determined for the first time the expression of lncRNA ANRIL in human HCC by quantitative Real-time-PCR analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional models were used to study the impact on clinical outcome. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence lncRNA ANRIL and to explore the effects of reduced lncRNA ANRIL expression on cell growth and metastasis. Results: lncRNA ANRIL expression in HCC tissues was significantly higher than in the adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.05). The expression of lncRNA ANRIL was remarkably associated with the histologic grade and TNM stage of HCC patients (P < 0.05). In addition, HCC patients with higher lncRNA ANRIL expression had significantly poorer overall survival (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis suggested that high lncRNA ANRIL expression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis (P < 0.05). Moreover, in vitro assays revealed that the decreased expression of lncRNA ANRIL could suppress the cell proliferation, migration and invasion HCC cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that lncRNA ANRIL may serve as an efficient clinical biomarker and a therapeutic target for HCC patients.     

LncRNA-DANCR: A valuable cancer related long non-coding RNA for human cancers

Objectives

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are a type of noncoding RNA that comprise of longer than 200 nucleotides sequences. They can regulate chromosome structure, gene expression and play an essential role in the pathophysiology of human diseases, especially in tumorigenesis and progression. Nowadays, they are being targeted as potential biomarkers for various cancer types. And many research studies have proven that lncRNAs might bring a new era to cancer diagnosis and support treatment management. The purpose of this review was to inspect the molecular mechanism and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA- differentiation antagonizing nonprotein coding RNA(DANCR) in various types of human cancers.

Long non-coding RNA H19 regulates proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells via STAT3 in polycystic ovarian syndrome

IntroductionStudies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are aberrantly expressed in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) ovaries and may have a role in PCOS development. In this study, the role and therapeutic implications of lncRNA H19 were investigated in PCOS ovaries and granulosa cells.Material and methodsqRT-PCR was used for expression analysis. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was used for cell viability and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining was used to detect apoptosis. All transfections were carried out with Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. Western blot analysis was used for protein expression analysis.ResultsThe expression of lncRNA H19 was remarkably upregulated in the PCOS ovarian tissues as well as the granulosa cells. Suppression of lncRNA H19 expression caused the inhibition of KGN granulosa cell proliferation due to the triggering of apoptosis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of the GAS binding site for STAT3 in the promoter of lncRNA H19. Silencing of STAT3 suppressed the expression of lncRNA H19 in KGN cells and also halted their growth by triggering apoptosis. Co-transfect experiments revealed that STAT3 and lncRNA H19 silencing cause inhibition of KGN growth synergistically.ConclusionslncRNA H19 regulates the growth of ovarian granulosa cells and might prove to be a therapeutic target for management of PCOS.