普通促凝管与EDTA-K2抗凝管在血糖测定中差异的探讨

目的 探寻一种快速、准确的血糖检测方法,并且适用于乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-K2)抗凝血浆.方法 将同一份标本分别抽取于不含抗凝剂的促凝管中和含EDTA-K2的抗凝管中,分别对血清、血浆用HITACHI7600全自动生化分析仪检测血糖,观察抗凝剂EDTA-K2的使用对检测结果的影响.结果 EDTA-K2抗凝组血糖检测结果与血清对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.269 7).结论 EDTA-K2抗凝剂抗凝血浆较适用于葡萄糖含量的测定,不仅在急诊检验中可大大缩短报告时间,而且在糖尿病的普查、监控和疗效观察中,特别是在婴幼儿手足口病筛查中均有重要意义.     

不同血液样本在生化项目检测中的结果比较

目的比较血清样本、不同抗凝血浆在常规生化项目检测中的结果差异。方法对50例体检者的5种不同血液样本(血清、肝素锂血浆、枸橼酸钠血浆、乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-K2)血浆、HMF血浆)在相同测量条件下测定15项生化指标。结果与血清组比较:肝素锂血浆组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、清蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的检测结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的检测结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);EDTA-K2血浆组除高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、肌酐(Cr),5-羟甲基糖酫(HMF)血浆组除LDH-C的检测结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各抗凝血浆组生化项目的检测结果均与血清组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同的血液标本对常规生化项目的检测几乎都具有显著性的差异,应根据WHO建议选用适宜的标本类型进行分别检测。     

抗凝剂血浆和血清对血无机磷测定的相关性探讨

目的了解4种抗凝剂血浆和对应血清测定血无机磷的相关性。方法以血浆为候选法及对应血清为标准方法 ,采用全自动生化分析仪直接测定。结果 4种抗凝剂抗凝血浆及对应血清平行测定结果为:肝素、草酸钾、EDTA-K2抗凝血浆及对应血清均有较好的相关性(r=0.890、0.818、0.848);回归系数假设检验,肝素、草酸钾、EDTA-K2抗凝血浆和对应血清回归方程比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),呈直线回归关系。枸橼酸钠抗凝血浆及对应血清呈中度相关(r=0.762);回归系数假设检验,血浆和血清回归方程比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),呈直线回归关系。结论肝素、草酸钾、EDTA-K2抗凝血浆能快速、准确地提供检测结果 ,与参考方法结果有可比性,而枸橼酸钠抗凝血浆检测结果与参考方法结果的可比性不如前者。     

儿童血清与血浆中降钙素原水平差异比较研究

目的分析儿童血浆及血清中降钙素原(PCT)水平的差异,探讨是否可用乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-K2)抗凝血浆代替血清检测PCT水平。方法应用mini-VIDS全自动酶联荧光分析仪及配套试剂进行血清及血浆PCT全自动定量检测,分别检测90例儿童血清及EDTA-K2抗凝血浆中的PCT水平,分析两组数据的相关性,并将检测数据分为3个水平组进行检验,比较血清及血浆中PCT水平的差异。同时探讨儿童年龄及性别对PCT水平的影响。结果血清与EDTA-K2抗凝血浆中PCT水平具有很好的相关性(r=0.812,P0.05),在低水平组血清及血浆PCT测定值差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而在中高水平组时差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。且儿童的性别和年龄对PCT水平同样存在明显影响作用。结论儿童血清与血浆PCT检测值有统计学差异,对进一步系统地研究血清与EDTA-K2抗凝血浆中PCT水平的差异及临床意义有重要的指导作用。     

EDTA-K2抗凝血浆与血清中心脏标志物检测结果的一致性验证

目的 确定肌红蛋白(Myo)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)在乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-K2)抗凝血浆与血清标本中的检测结果是否存在明显差异.方法 采用亚辉龙iFlash 3000-H化学发光测定仪检测133例患者EDTA-K2抗凝血浆与血清中Myo、cTnI和CK-MB水平.结果 血清和血浆M...     

纠正EDTA-K2抗凝剂致假性血小板减少方法的探讨

目的探讨纠正EDTA-K2抗凝剂致假性血小板减少的方法。方法用Sysmex XE-2100型全自动血液分析仪检测20例健康体检者不同时间3种抗凝血血小板数值及11例EDTA依赖性假性血小板减少症（EDTA-PTCP）患者不同抗凝血在15min血小板数值,同时作手工血小板计数。结果 15~30min内健康体检者EDTA-K2抗凝血血小板数值与手工血小板计数值相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,不同时间的枸橼酸钠和肝素锂抗凝血血小板数值与手工血小板计数值相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。EDTA-PTCP患者枸橼酸钠和肝素锂抗凝血在15min内测定的血小板数值与手工血小板计数值相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论枸橼酸钠和肝素锂抗凝剂不可替代EDTA-K2抗凝剂用于全自动血液分析仪血小板的检测,手工血小板计数是目前最为理想的纠正EDTA-K2抗凝剂致假性血小板减少的方法。     

EDTA-K2依赖性血小板假性减少现象分析及纠正方法探讨

目的 探讨抗凝剂乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-K2)所致血小板聚集对血小板及白细胞计数结果的影响及纠正.方法 对17例EDTA-K2依赖性血小板假性减少症(PTCP)患者的EDTA-K2抗凝血分别于0,5,15,30 min测定血小板(PLT)和白细胞(WBC),另外对同时抽取的新鲜血(不加抗凝剂)即时上机测定和手工法测定PLT和WBC;均取上述标本进行涂片染色显微镜镜检.结果 EDTA-K2抗凝血PLT计数检测结果随待测时间延长越来越低,5,15 min和30 min时测定的PLT数量与0 min时测定的血小板数量比较差异有统计学意义;5 min和15 min时测定的WBC数与0 min时测定的WBC数量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),30 min时测定的WBC数少于0 min时测定的WBC数量(P＜0.01);EDTA-K2抗凝血混匀后0 min时测定的WBC和PLT结果与新鲜血(不加抗凝剂)仪器法、手工法测定的结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 EDTA-K2引起PTCP患者的血小板聚集导致血小板假性减低和白细胞假性增高;在临床检验工作中应加强镜检复核,对于首次检测血小板数值减低的标本均应涂片镜检,以确认是否存在抗凝剂所致血小板聚集的现象.对PTCP患者应采用新鲜血(不加抗凝剂)仪器即测法、手工法或EDTA-K2抗凝血混匀后即测等方法检测.     

分析前处理因素对化学发光法cTnI检测结果的影响分析

目的探讨分析前不同的标本处理因素,对心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnl)免疫化学发光法检测结果的影响,寻找一种检测周转时间短,假阳性率低的有效方法。方法采集门诊、急诊胸痛患者静脉全血74例,分别注入有分离胶的生化管、肝素抗凝管和乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-K2)抗凝管,用免疫化学发光法同时检测血清和血浆cTnI浓度。结果全血孵育10min离心后,检测的cTnI结果为(2.100±4.268)ng/μL;全血孵育20min离心后,检测的血清cTnI结果为(0.753±2.305)ng/μL;肝素处理的抗凝血血浆cTnI结果为(0.750±2.306)ng/μL;EDTA-K2处理的抗凝血血浆cTnI结果为(0.749±2.307)ng/μL。两种血浆cTnI的测定值与孵育20min的血清cTnI测定结果差异无统计学意义,全血孵育10min离心后,检测的血清cTnI结果与其他3种方法比较明显偏高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论肝素或EDTA-K2抗凝标本cTnI检测结果与20min后离心分离的血清标本检测结果相关性较好,其检测周期短,是一种可靠的标本采集方法。考虑到EDTA-K2抗凝标本cTnI浓度检测结果存在一定的假阴性,存在一定的局限性,建议临床使用肝素标本用于cTnI的检测。     

不同真空采血管对生化项目检测结果的影响

目的 分析不同真空采血管对生化项目检测结果的影响.方法 采用6种不同真空采血管采集受检者静脉血,比较血浆或血清标本在同等条件下生化项目检测结果.结果 与干燥管相比,分离胶管测定结果差异无统计意义(P>0.05),肝素钠管、肝素锂管多数检测结果差异无统计意义(P>0.05),EDTA-K2管和枸橼酸钠管多数或全部结果存在统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 分离胶管和干燥管适用于生化项目检测,肝素管适合多数项目,EDTA-K2管和枸橼酸钠管不适用于生化项目检测;不同抗凝剂对检验结果的影响是不同的,不能简单地用抗凝血浆代替血清进行生化项目检测.     

FPIA法检测全血肝素钠和EDTA—K2抗凝标本结果的差异比较

目的 通过荧光偏振免疫法(FPIA)对肝素钠和EDTA-K2抗凝血标本环孢素A(CSA)谷浓度测定结果 的比较,了解两种抗凝标本检测结果 的差异,以便更加合理的选择CSA浓度检测血液标本抗凝剂.方法 分别同时采集60例肾移植术后患者肝素钠抗凝血和EDTA-K:抗凝血各一份,采用荧光偏振免疫法(FPIA)对各样本进行检测,井对其结果 作对比分析.结果 肝素钠抗凝血与EDTA-K:抗凝血各60份标本CSA检测结果 比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.407,P＜0.01),将检测结果 分为三个不同的浓度段作对比分析,结果 显示,当CSA浓度在45～150 ng/ml和151～250 ng/ml时差异有统计擘意义(t=7.179,t=4.812,P＜0.01);而当浓度在251～435 ng/ml时差异无统计学意义(t=0.225,P＞0.05).结论 肝素钠抗凝血与EDTA-K:抗凝血检测结果 总体比较差异有统计学意义,当CSA浓度＜250 ng/ml时,EDTA-K2抗凝血检测结果 明显低于肝素钠抗凝血,但当CSA浓度在251～435 ng/ml时,二者检测结果 基本一致.     

不同类型标本血电解质及葡萄糖测定结果的比较分析

目的探讨动脉血浆、静脉血浆、动脉血清、静脉血清之间电解质、葡萄糖结果的差异及其原因。方法采集54例患者动静脉抗凝血、动静脉凝集血各1管,分离出相应的血浆和血清,用强生VITROS 5600自动干式生化分析仪对K~+、Na~+、Cl~-、血糖的浓度进行测定,并应用统计学方法对检测结果进行比较分析。结果当标本类型为血清时,动脉血与静脉血之间Na~+、Cl~-、血糖和血清K~+浓度的测定值差异有统计学意义(P0.05);当标本类型为血浆时,动脉血与静脉血之间Na~+、Cl~-、血糖浓度的测定值差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但K~+浓度差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。另外,动脉的血浆和血清之间血糖和血K~+的测定值差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而Na~+、Cl~-测定值的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);同样的,静脉的血浆和血清之间血糖和血K~+的测定值差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而Na~+、Cl~-测定值的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论同一检测系统检测电解质、葡萄糖,动脉血浆、静脉血浆、动脉血清、静脉血清之间测定值存在一定差异,临床上应注意区别对待不同类型标本的测定值,建立、选择合适的参考范围。     

Effect of collection tube type and preanalytical handling on myeloperoxidase concentrations

BACKGROUND: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has shown potential as a marker for cardiovascular disease. Limited studies have been published with a variety of sample types, resulting in a wide range of MPO values. Little is known or understood about the impact of collection tube type and preanalytical handling of specimens for MPO determination. METHOD: MPO concentration was determined by use of the ARCHITECT(R) MPO research use assay, which is currently under development. Samples were collected into multiple anticoagulant collection tubes from donors and patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms of acute coronary syndromes. Whole blood was stored on ice or at room temperature for predetermined time periods. We also evaluated serum and plasma after centrifugation followed by storage at room temperature, 2-8 degrees C, and below -10 degrees C. RESULTS: Baseline sample concentrations were dependent on collection tube type as well as handling conditions. MPO concentrations were consistently higher in samples collected in serum and heparin plasma tubes than in samples in EDTA or citrate tubes. Spike recovery was acceptable in all sera and plasma tested, indicating that the increased MPO concentrations were not due directly to an anticoagulant interference. CONCLUSIONS: The collection tube type and preanalytical handling are critical for accurate and consistent MPO measurement. The preferred anticoagulant and tubes are the EDTA or EDTA plasma preparation tube. MPO concentrations in samples collected in these tubes are stable before centrifugation as whole blood as well as plasma after processing.     

Serum cystatin C in renal transplant patients

BACKGROUND: Waiting temperature before centrifugation and anticoagulants used, markedly effect total homocysteine concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different anticoagulants and temperature on plasma homocysteine levels. METHODS: We studied total homocysteine concentrations in 23 healthy subjects. Blood was drawn in K(3)EDTA, sodium citrate- or sodium fluoride-containing tubes, and kept at 0 degrees C or 22 degrees C for 3 h. Total homocysteine measurements were performed with fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) method. We compared all results with baseline EDTA values (samples put on crushed ice and centrifuged immediately) recommended in literature for reference handling. RESULTS: At 22 degrees C, the tubes containing sodium citrate and sodium fluoride showed significantly higher total homocysteine concentrations than their respective baseline values (p=0.000). However, sodium fluoride tubes were not significantly different than baseline EDTA levels. Waiting 3 h at 0 degrees C did not effect sodium citrate and EDTA plasma total homocysteine concentrations when compared to baseline EDTA, but sodium fluoride-containing plasma levels were significantly decreased (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, the most available and practical temperature and anticoagulant for total homocysteine determination is sodium fluoride at room temperature up to 3 h.     

The role of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as in vitro anticoagulant for diagnostic purposes.

Anticoagulants are used to prevent clot formation both in vitro and in vivo. In the specific field of in vitro diagnostics, anticoagulants are commonly added to collection tubes either to maintain blood in the fluid state for hematological testing or to obtain suitable plasma for coagulation and clinical chemistry analyses. Unfortunately, no universal anticoagulant that could be used for evaluation of several laboratory parameters in a sample from a single test tube is available so far. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a polyprotic acid containing four carboxylic acid groups and two amine groups with lone-pair electrons that chelate calcium and several other metal ions. Calcium is necessary for a wide range of enzyme reactions of the coagulation cascade and its removal irreversibly prevents blood clotting within the collection tube. Historically, EDTA has been recommended as the anticoagulant of choice for hematological testing because it allows the best preservation of cellular components and morphology of blood cells. The remarkable expansion in laboratory test volume and complexity over recent decades has amplified the potential spectrum of applications for this anticoagulant, which can be used to stabilize blood for a variety of traditional and innovative tests. Specific data on the behavior of EDTA as an anticoagulant in hematology, including possible pitfalls, are presented. The use of EDTA for measuring cytokines, protein and peptides, and cardiac markers is described, with an outline of the protection of labile molecules provided by this anticoagulant. The use of EDTA in proteomics and in general clinical chemistry is also described in comparison with other anticoagulants and with serum samples. Finally, the possible uses of alternative anticoagulants instead of EDTA and the potential use of a universal anticoagulant are illustrated.     

Effect of anticoagulants and storage temperatures on stability of plasma and serum hormones

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of different anticoagulants and storage conditions on the stability of hormones in plasma and serum. DESIGN AND METHODS: Human blood samples were collected from volunteers into EDTA, lithium heparin, sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate, or tubes without anticoagulant, plasma and serum left at -20 degrees C, 4 degrees C or 30 degrees C for 24 and 120 hours then assayed for ACTH, aldosterone, alpha-subunit, AVP, CRH, C-peptide, estradiol, FSH, glucagon, GH, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, insulin, leptin, LH, PPP, PTH, prolactin and VIP, or at room temperature for 0 to 72 hours (BNP, NT-BNP)(n = 6 per condition). RESULTS: The anticoagulant altered the measured concentrations for 9 hormones when compared to EDTA. All hormones except ACTH were stable for > 120 hours in EDTA or fluoride at 4 degrees C, but only 13 hormones were stable in all anticoagulants. At 30 degrees C, 8 hormones were stable for > 120 hours in EDTA, and 3 hormones in all anticoagulants. BNP and NT-BNP were stable for < 24 hours when stored in EDTA or heparin at room temperature. DISCUSSION: Storage of samples in EDTA plasma at 4 degrees C is suitable for most hormones (except ACTH) for up to 120 hours.     

27例乙二胺四乙酸依赖性假性血小板减少特点及临床分析

目的分析乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)导致血小板聚集的特点,探讨与此现象有关的危险因素。方法用Sysmex XN-3000对2014年1月至2015年8月间的30 700例EDTA-K3抗凝标本测定,其中27例发生EDTA依赖性假性血小板减少(EDTA-PTCP)。再次采集27例患者的EDTA-K3和枸橼酸钠抗凝血标本进行测定并制作血涂片,显微镜检观察血小板分布,同时采集指血手工计数血小板。分析27例患者的生化指标,并与50例非EDTA-PTCP体检健康者结果对比。结果 EDTA抗凝血血小板数明显低于枸橼酸钠抗凝血,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而枸橼酸钠抗凝血与手工法结果相近(P0.05)。EDTA-PTCP患者丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血糖(Glu)、三酰甘油(TG)比健康者高,而高密度脂蛋白(HDL)要比健康者低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 EDTA引起假性血小板减少的程度取决于患者对EDTA的敏感度,该现象的存在可能与高血脂、高血糖有关。当发生EDTA-PTCP时,应更换抗凝剂或者手工计数血小板,从而避免漏诊。     

Influence of anticoagulants on the measurement of S100B protein in blood

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate anticoagulants influence on plasma S100B levels. DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood were collected from 18 healthy adult subjects using: no anticoagulants, EDTA, heparin, and citrate. S100B levels were determined using LIA-mat assay. RESULTS: Heparin plasma and citrate increased plasma S100B levels (p < 0.001), whereas EDTA had no effect (p = 0.24). Heparin plasma samples were highly (r2 = 0.97, p < 0.001), citrate samples were moderately (r2 = 0.49, p < 0.001), and EDTA samples were not (r2 = 0.22, p = 0.059) correlated with serum samples. CONCLUSIONS: When anticoagulant is required, heparin plasma should be the primary choice for measurement of S100 B levels.     

Assay values for thiamine or thiamine phosphate esters in whole blood do not depend on the anticoagulant used

We compared the whole blood, plasma, and erythrocyte (red blood cell (RBC)) concentrations of thiamine and thiamine phosphate esters in the presence of heparin or EDTA as anticoagulants. Three blood specimens were collected from each of 24 healthy volunteers into evacuated collection tubes containing the following anticoagulants: heparin, Na2EDTA, or K2EDTA. The concentrations of nonphosphorylated free thiamine (T), thiamine monophosphate (TMP), thiamine diphosphate (TDP), and thiamine triphosphate (TTP) were determined by the NH2-column HPLC method. The anticoagulant used had no effect on the concentrations obtained in whole blood and plasma of thiamine or any of the above thiamine compounds (P>0.05). RBCs were isolated by centrifugation and washed with isotonic saline, and the cell counts of the washed cells were adjusted to their whole blood values. In the washed RBCs with any anticoagulant, the concentrations of T, TMP, and TDP expressed either as nmol/L of whole blood or a ratio to hemoglobin were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in whole blood.     

Effects of anticoagulants on the activity of gelatinases

OBJECTIVES: To identify the best procedure for preanalytical blood collection in the determination of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 by testing the effects of anticoagulants on their activity. DESIGN AND METHODS: Active forms of both gelatinases were measured by specific activity assay systems in serum, plasma EDTA, plasma-heparin and plasma-citrate obtained from 20 healthy volunteers, as well as in a pooled serum sample before and after anticoagulant treatment. RESULTS:: Active MMP-2 and MMP-9 mean concentrations were similar in serum and in plasma-citrate, higher in plasma EDTA than in serum, in plasma-heparin and in plasma-citrate, and lower in plasma-heparin than in serum and plasma-citrate. A similar trend was observed in untreated and treated pooled serum samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that MMP-2 and MMP-9 in their active forms are not released by platelets during blood clotting, whereas the use of calcium chelating anticoagulants can profoundly alter the activity of endogenous gelatinases. This suggests that the determination of active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in serum samples represents a suitable procedure.     

2%二甲亚砜在血细胞抗凝血保存中的实验探讨

目的探讨用2%二甲亚砜(DMSO)和乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-K2)组成复合型抗凝剂用于血细胞分析仪标本保存。方法制备含有2%DMSO复合抗凝剂的抗凝管,随机抽取患者血液及已知血小板小于50×109/L患者血液各45份,每份标本分别装于1号管(含EDTA-K2国产抗凝管)、2号管(制备含2%DMSO的复合抗凝管)、3号管(无抗凝剂采集管)。将3号管立即在美国雅培CD1800血细胞分析仪上测定,将1号管和2号管标本分别于室温下1、4、8、12 h测定,数据用x±s表示并采用配对t检验。结果 1号管标本,其平均血小板体积于8h,其值增大,与2、3号管比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),已知血小板小于50×109/L患者的标本在4~8 h与之比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2号管在12 h内,随机抽取患者血液及已知血小板小于50×109/L患者的标本各项参数与3号管比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论初步试验探讨表明,制备2%DMSO和EDTA-K2组成的复合抗凝剂更适用于血细胞分析的血液标本保存,在常规医学检验中为医疗纠纷提供了有利的凭据。