严重左心室功能不全冠心病患者的外科治疗

目的总结有严重左心室功能不全[左心射血分数(LVEF)≤0.35]冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的临床经验。方法18例有严重左心室功能不全的冠心病患者冠状动脉造影均显示为3支血管病变,在体外循环下行CABG,采用左乳内动脉18支与前降支吻合,采用桡动脉11支及大隐静脉26支与其它血管吻合。所有患者术前、术后均行正电子发射断层18F-脱氧葡萄糖显像(18F-FDGPET)检查,以判定心肌的存活状况。结果手术死亡1例,死于心室颤动。12例使用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP),术后二次气管内插管3例。随访17例,随访时间14～26个月,所有患者心功能较术前均有不同程度的改善,LVEF(0.51±0.13)较术前(≤0.35)增大。2例出院后出现心绞痛复发。结论CABG是治疗严重左心室功能不全冠心病患者的有效治疗方法,其效果取决于存活心肌的多少及可再血管化的目标血管的数量。术中良好的心肌保护,积极应用IABP及护心通是手术成功的关键。     

Survival in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Immediate Breast Reconstruction

Abstract: Immediate and early‐delayed breast reconstruction are the preferred methods of reconstruction in breast cancer patients treated with mastectomy. These options for reconstruction allow for superior outcomes through peri‐operative planning between the oncologic surgeon and reconstructive team. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to study the overall survival of patients treated with immediate or early‐delayed breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Population level de‐identified data was abstracted from the National Cancer Institute’s SEER cancer database. We obtained data for all female patients with breast cancer treated with mastectomy from 2000 to 2002. Patients with missing or incomplete data were excluded. Univariate and multivariate statistics were performed using Intercooled Stata 7.0 (College Station, TX). A total of 51,702 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 60.8 (range 20–104) years old. Reconstruction was performed in 16.7% of patients. Multivariate analysis showed that patients treated with mastectomy and reconstruction had a significantly lower hazard ratio of death (HR = 0.62, p < 0.001) compared with patients treated with mastectomy only, when controlling for demographic and oncologic covariates. Black patients comprised 7.5% of the total population, and multivariate analysis showed that black patients had a significantly increased hazard ratio of death (HR = 1.43, p < 0.001) when compared with white patients, when controlling for all other covariates including reconstruction status. We show that women with breast cancer who undergo breast reconstruction after mastectomy do not have a worse overall survival than those not undergoing breast reconstruction. This is true when patient age, race, income, and marital status; and tumor stage, histology, grade, use of radiotherapy, and mastectomy site (bilateral or unilateral) are controlled for.     

Beating Heart Valve Surgery in Patients with Low Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Abstract Background: Patients with very low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are at high risk for valve surgery. We herein present our experience with beating heart valve surgery in such patients. Methods: From May 2000 to October 2006, 346 consecutive patients underwent beating heart valve surgery. Of these, 50 patients had LVEF <30%: 7 had LVEF 21 to 29%, 34 had LVEF <20%, and 9 had LVEF <10%. Mean age was 57.44 ± 12.45 years (range 28 to 85 years). There were 40 males (80%) and 10 females (20%). Results: Isolated mitral valve (MV) and aortic valve replacements were performed in 11 (22%) and 10 (20%) of patients, respectively. Fourteen (28%) patients underwent combined coronary artery bypass grafting and valve replacements. MV repairs were performed; 13 (26%) patients and 2 (4%) patients had combined MV replacements and tricuspid repairs. Mean hospital stay was 15.37 ± 13.12 days (range 3 to 55 days). Overall early mortality (<30 days) was 6% (three patients) and one patient (2%) died late (>30 days). Conclusions: Beating heart valve surgery in patients with poor LVEF yields results similar to conventional surgery using cardioplegia. Additional studies are needed to fully evaluate the potential benefits of this method of myocardial perfusion for this high‐risk group of patients. (J Card Surg 2010;25:267‐271)     

Comparison of Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Renal Transplantation With Impaired vs Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

BackgroundRenal transplantation improves long-term outcomes in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD); however, patients with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are less likely to be selected for renal transplantation. We sought to evaluate the effect of renal transplantation in this population.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 181 patients who underwent renal transplantation between 2011 and 2016. For patients with pretransplant LVEF <50% (cohort 1) and ≥50% (cohort 2), we evaluated the effect of renal transplantation on LVEF, graft failure, and mortality.ResultsCohort 1 comprised 24 patients (mean age, 47 years; pretransplant LVEF 38%). Cohort 2 comprised 157 patients (mean age, 53 years; pretransplant LVEF 64%). Forty-six percent of cohort 1 experienced significant improvement in LVEF posttransplant, with mean LVEF improvement from 38% to 66%. There was no significant association between pretransplant LVEF and graft failure (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-11.4; P = .1) or mortality (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.3-3.6; P = .9). Coronary artery disease predicted mortality (HR = 3.12; 95% CI, 1.2-8.4; P = .02). Older age trended toward higher mortality (HR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.0-1.1; P = .05). Younger age predicted graft failure (HR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.8-0.9; P = .02).ConclusionsIn patients with ESRD undergoing renal transplantation, there was no significant association between pretransplant LVEF and mortality or graft failure, suggesting that patients with ESRD with impaired LVEF can experience positive posttransplant outcomes.     

低射血分数患者接受非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的长期预后分析

目的总结低左心室射血分数(≤40%)冠心病患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的手术疗效及预后相关因素。方法回顾性分析2001～2004年在北京大学人民医院行OPCAB的低射血分数患者顺利出院63例的随访临床资料,男48例,女15例;平均年龄(65.1±9.2)岁,左心室射血分数为33.8%±5.0%,对其长期随访,使用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,采用单因素对数秩检验(log-rank test)和Cox回归模型分析影响患者长期预后的危险因素。结果随访时间3～107(71.3±24.4)个月,失访6例(9.5%)。随访期内死亡19例(30.2%),其中与心脏相关死亡10例(15.9%)。术后1年、3年、5年、8年的生存率分别为96.7%(61)、94.9%(60)、85.9%(55)、77.2%(53)。单因素分析表明,左心室射血分数≤30%、急性心肌梗死<30 d(急性心肌梗死发生30 d内即接受手术)是影响患者远期生存率的潜在危险因素(P<0.05)。Cox回归分析表明,左心室射血分数≤30%(RR=4.662,P<0.05)及心肌梗死<30 d(RR=5.544,P<0.05)是择期OPCAB患者术后发生心脏相关死亡的独立危险因素。结论低左心室射血分数冠心病患者行OPCAB治疗效果良好。左心室射血分数≤30%及急性心肌梗死<30 d是择期OPCAB患者术后发生心脏相关死亡的独立危险因素。     

Response to Preoperative Chemotherapy Predicts Survival in Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy for Liver Metastases from Gastric and Esophageal Cancer

Background

The role of hepatectomy for patients with liver metastases from gastric and esophageal cancer (GELM) is not well defined. The present study examined the morbidity, mortality, and long-term survivals after liver resection for GELM.

Methods

Clinicopathological data of patients who underwent hepatectomy for GELM between 1995 and 2012 at two European high-volume hepatobiliary centers were assessed, and predictors of overall survival (OS) were identified. In addition, the impact of preoperative chemotherapy for GELM on OS was evaluated.

Results

Forty-seven patients underwent hepatectomy for GELM. The primary tumor was located in the stomach, cardia, and distal esophagus in 27, 16, and 4 cases, respectively. Twenty patients received preoperative chemotherapy before hepatectomy. After a median follow-up time of 76 months, 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 70, 37, and 24 %, respectively. Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 32 and 4 %, respectively. Outcomes were comparable between the two centers. Preoperative chemotherapy for GELM (5-year OS: 45 vs 9 %, P?=?.005) and the lack of posthepatectomy complications (5-year OS: 34 vs 0 %, P?P?=?.045).

Conclusion

For selected patients with GELM, liver resection is safe and should be regarded as a potentially curative approach. A multimodal treatment strategy including systemic therapy may provide better patient selection resulting in prolonged survival in patients with GELM undergoing hepatectomy.     

Immediate Microsurgical Reconstruction After Tumor Ablation Predicts Survival Among Patients with Head and Neck Carcinoma

Background  

The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not immediate microvascular free flap reconstruction influences survival among treated patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), controlling for demographic, clinical, and tumor characteristics.     

C-Reactive Protein Level Predicts Survival Outcomes in Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Total Mesorectal Excision After Preoperative Chemoradiation Therapy

Background

Systemic inflammatory response, as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP), is associated with prognosis in various types of human malignancies. However, to the best of our knowledge, the clinical significance of CRP in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer that undergo preoperative chemoradiation has not been investigated in detail. This retrospective study validates CRP as a potential predictive marker for survival outcomes in rectal cancer patients.

Methods

In this study, we enrolled 125 patients that received total mesorectal excision after preoperative chemoradiation for rectal cancer between January 2003 and December 2010. We investigated the association between preoperative CRP and clinicopathological characteristics and assessed the prognostic value of CRP.

Results

The median follow-up was 41 months. Elevated CRP showed significant correlation with high histological grade (P?=?0.009) and cancer recurrence (P?=?0.027). The 5-year disease-free survival and cancer-specific survival were significantly lower in the elevated CRP group (P?=?0.001). Moreover, CRP was the strongest predictive factor for cancer-specific survival in multivariate analysis (P?=?0.001). In the subgroup analysis, elevated CRP was a significant prognostic factor in patients with node-positive disease (P?=?0.025) and was associated with poorer tumor regression (TRG4–5; P?=?0.011).

Conclusions

The results of our study suggest that preoperative CRP level shows prognostic significance in rectal cancer patients that have undergone chemoradiation. Therefore, preoperative CRP may help clinicians to identify patients that need additional therapy to reduce systemic failure.

     

大动脉调转术患儿术后监护

回顾分析34例行大动脉调转术惠儿死亡原因及并发症.结果术中死亡6例,术后死亡8例,死亡率41. 2%.术后死亡原因为低心排综合征(5例)、心律失常(3例).20例存活患儿术后并发症:出血(9例)、肺部感染/肺不张(8例)、心律失常(3例)、低心排综合征(2例)、肾功能不全(1例)、膈神经麻痹(1例).经对症治疗、护理,除1例膈神经麻痹外,均好转.提示大动脉调转术死亡率高,并发症种类多而且严重,护理人员在监护中除保持高度的警惕性外,应不断总结监护经验,以提高施护水平.