牵正散加味治疗面神经炎60例

目的调查研究加味牵正散治疗面神经炎的临床疗效。方法选择急性期患者60例,随机分为治疗组和对照组两组,对照组采用常规西医治疗方法。治疗组应用加味牵正散,经治疗14d和21d后,对两组患者治疗前后的病情予以评分及分级。结果治疗14 d后治疗组总有效率为80%,对照组总有效率为60%,21 d后治疗组总有效率为96.67%,痊愈率为50%,对照组总有效率为83.33%,痊愈率为30%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组疗效优于对照组。结论加味牵正散治疗面神经炎的临床治愈率高。     

加味血府逐瘀汤治疗高血压64例临床观察

目的观察加味血府逐瘀汤治疗轻中度高血压病的临床疗效。方法 122例患者采用随机分组对照法,治疗组（58例）以加味血府逐瘀汤＋口服常规降压药物治疗;对照组（64例）给予口服常规降压药物治疗。结果降压效果治疗组显效率25.8%,总有效率95.2%;对照组显效率12.1%,总有效率75.8%;治疗组显效率与总有效率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论加味血府逐瘀汤治疗轻中度高血压病疗效满意。     

骨康灵胶囊与骨愈合刺激仪对骨折愈合的临床比较

目的:观察和比较骨康灵胶囊和骨愈合刺激仪对骨折愈合的临床疗效.方法:通过收治长骨骨折病人60例,先达到解剖或功能复位后,将所有病人分为4组,A组:骨康灵胶囊1.2 g口服,tid;B组:GHY-Ⅲ型骨愈合刺激仪10 h·d-1治疗;C组同时予以上述两种治疗;D组为对照组,不予以上述治疗.时间均为4周.然后比较其各组的疗效.结果:通过计算A组总有效率为87%,B组87%,C组93%,D组47%.结论:合用骨康灵胶囊和骨愈合刺激仪患者的总显效率远远高于单用一种治疗方法,而总有效率亦高于单用一种治疗方法.而无论是单用骨康灵胶囊还是骨愈合刺激仪的总显效率和总有效率都要高于对照组(不采取任何治疗的.)     

加味牵正散联合平衡针灸佐治面神经炎疗效观察

目的 观察加味牵正散联合平衡针灸佐治面神经炎的临床疗效.方法 将96例面神经炎患者随机分为2组,对照组48例给予西药常规治疗,治疗组48例在对照组治疗的基础上加用加味牵正散口服联合平衡针灸治疗.2组均治疗1个疗程.比较2组的临床疗效.结果 治疗组治愈率为60.4%高于对照组的37.5%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);治疗组总有效率为95.8%高于对照组的83.3%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 加味牵正散联合平衡针灸佐治面神经炎疗效显著,安全性好,值得临床推广应用.     

加味牵正散治疗贝尔面瘫的临床研究

目的：评价以加昧牵正散为主的中西医结合方法治疗贝尔面瘫的临床疗效。方法：选择急性期患者50例,随机分为两组,对照组采用西医常规治疗方法,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用加味牵正散加减应用,两组患者均在病程1周后配合针灸治疗,对两组患者治疗前后的病情予以评分及分级。结果：治疗14d后治疗组总有效率为80％,对照组总有效率为60％,21d后治疗组总有效率为96．67％,痊愈率为50％,对照组总有效率为85％,痊愈率为30％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,治疗组疗效优于对照组。结论：以加味牵正散加减为主的中西结合治疗是贝尔面瘫的优先治疗手段。     

加味平胃散治疗小儿厌食症的临床研究

目的探讨加味平胃散治疗小儿厌食症的临床疗效。方法将58例患者随机分为两组：治疗组30例患儿,予加味平胃散每天1剂,水煎,分3次口服;对照组28例患儿予儿康宁10ml/次,3次/d,口服,两组均2周为1个疗程。结果治疗组：痊愈63.66%,显效16.67%,总有效率96.67%;对照组：痊愈35.71%,显效14.29%,总有效率60.71%。两组总有效率比较差异有显著性（P〈0.01）,提示治疗组明显优于对照组。结论加味平胃散治疗小儿厌食症有显著临床疗效。     

前列通瘀胶囊联合抗生素治疗非淋菌性尿道炎疗效分析

目的观察前列通瘀胶囊联合抗生素治疗非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)的疗效。方法163例确诊为NGU患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组包括前列通瘀联合加替沙星组(A组)38例、前列通瘀联合阿奇霉素组(B组)42例,对照组包括加替沙星组(C组)43例、阿奇霉素组(D组)40例。给药方案为:餐后口服前列通瘀胶囊5粒/次,3次/天;餐前口服加替沙星400mg/次,1次/天;餐前口服阿奇霉素分散片500mg/次,1次/天,首剂加倍;7天为一疗程。结果治疗组中前列通瘀联合加替沙星组痊愈率89.47%,总有效率97.37%,前列通瘀联合阿奇霉素组痊愈率92.86%,总有效率97.61%,对照组中加替沙星组痊愈率76.74%,总有效率93.02%,阿奇霉素组痊愈率80.00%,总有效率92.50%。治疗组的痊愈率与对照组的痊愈率比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05),总有效率比较有提高,但差异无显著性。治疗组和对照组不良反应发生率分别为11.25%和8.43%,差异无显著性。结论前列通瘀胶囊能够提高加替沙星和阿奇霉素治疗NGU的痊愈率和总有效率,可以改善NGU患者临床症状,提高依从性。     

牵正散加味联合针灸治疗周围性面神经麻痹疗效观察

目的观察牵正散加味联合针灸治疗周围性面瘫的疗效。方法把76例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组38例采用牵正散加味联合针灸治疗,对照组38例单纯用针灸治疗,两组均治疗21 d后观察疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为94.8.%,对照组总有效率为81.6%,两组比较差异有显着性(P<0.05)。结论牵正散加味联合针灸治疗周围性面神经麻痹的临床疗效明显优于单纯针灸治疗,疗效好,见效快,值得临床推广。     

加味牵正散联合平衡针灸佐治面神经炎疗效观察

目的观察加味牵正散联合平衡针灸佐治面神经炎的临床疗效。方法将96例面神经炎患者随机分为2组,对照组48例给予西药常规治疗,治疗组48例在对照组治疗的基础上加用加味牵正散口服联合平衡针灸治疗。2组均治疗1个疗程。比较2组的临床疗效。结果治疗组治愈率为60.4%高于对照组的37.5%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;治疗组总有效率为95.8%高于对照组的83.3%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论加味牵正散联合平衡针灸佐治面神经炎疗效显著,安全性好,值得临床推广应用。     

加味平味汤治疗小儿再发性腹痛30例疗效观察

目的:观察加味平味汤治疗小儿再发性腹痛的临床疗效.方法:56例患儿随机分为2组,治疗组给予加味平味汤口服,对照组给予颠茄片口服.3 d为1个疗程,2个疗程后统计疗效.结果:治疗组总有效率96.67%,对照组总有效率65.38%,2组总有效率比较差异有高度统计意义(P＜0.01).结论:加味平味汤治疗小儿再发性腹痛疗效显著.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.