基层医院高频超声及X线诊断婴儿发育性髋关节发育不良的应用价值

＿目的：探讨基层医院高频超声及X线诊断婴儿发育性髋关节发育不良（DD H ）的应用价值。方法：选择本院确诊为DDH 的患儿共35例（58髋）。对比分析患儿的超声与X线检查的一致性,统计分析独立使用α角、β角以及综合Graf法结果诊断 DDH 的敏感度、特异度、符合率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果：X 线检查诊断为 DDH 的符合率为72．2％,比超声检查的86．1％低,但差异无统计学意义（χ2＝2．105,P＝0．147）;但两者联合诊断DDH 的符合率达100％,较X线或超声单独诊断均高。X线和超声检查结果的kappa值为0．794,可见两种检查结果基本一致。超声Graf法诊断DDH 的敏感度、特异度、符合率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为86．1％、100％、91．7％、100％、82．8％,而用超声 Graf法测量的α角和β角独立诊断DDH 的敏感度、特异度、符合率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为83．3％、100％、90．0％、100％、80．0％和77．8％、100％、86．7％、100％、75．0％。结论：对于婴儿DDH 的诊断符合率,超声检查较X线高,而两者联合应用可达100％。两项检查各有特点,需要临床医师结合婴儿及设备等情况合理选择。     

超声评价异常体征合并发育性髋关节发育不良高危因素婴儿的髋关节发育状况

目的 :应用Graf髋关节超声诊断技术评价有异常体征合并发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)高危因素婴儿髋关节的发育状况。方法:对我院488例临床体检提示有臀纹或大腿纹不对称、下肢长度差异、髋外展受限等异常体征同时合并其他DDH高危因素(女性、胎位为臀位、家族史或伴有其他骨骼肌肉畸形等)的婴儿行髋关节超声检查。采用Graf法和Graf髋关节病理分型对筛查结果进行统计和分析。结果:976个受检髋关节中,Ⅰ型髋关节914个,占93.6%;Ⅱ型49个,占5.0%,其中ⅡA型25个,ⅡB型13个,ⅡC型11个;D型4个,占0.4%;Ⅲ型7个,占0.7%;Ⅳ型2个,占0.2%。其中不成熟髋和DDH髋62个,检出率6.4%。结论 :超声能对有异常体征合并DDH高危因素婴儿髋关节的发育状况进行准确的定性评价,并能比较不同高危因素婴儿之间DDH发病率的差异性。     

婴儿发育性髋关节发育不良早期筛查的情况分析

目的分析临床结合超声检查对婴儿发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)进行早期筛查的结果,为DDH早期干预提供科学依据,降低DDH的致残率。方法对我院筛选DDH体征阳性4896例患儿行超声进一步检查。结果体格检查可疑阳性婴儿4896例,经过超声检查,正常髋关节3591例,占73.3%(3591/4896),可疑异常髋关节1196例,占24.5%(1196/4896),异常髋关节109例,占2.2%(109/4896),其中脱位型髋关节7例,占0.14%(7/4896)。对确诊患儿进行临床治疗,106例异常髋关节转为Graf I型髋关节,治愈率达97.2%(106/109)。结论对婴儿髋关节进行早期筛查对提高婴儿DDH检出率有重要意义,对确诊患儿给予早期干预可促使发育异常的髋关节结构向正常的髋关节转化,改善婴儿髋关节功能,具有重要的经济意义与社会意义。     

包头地区婴幼儿发育性髋关节发育不良的超声动静态法筛查结果分析

目的 分析包头地区婴幼儿发育性髋关节发育不良的超声动静态法筛查结果。方法 在2017年1月-2021年12月包头地区新生儿中抽取2000例作为研究对象,分别给予超声静态法、动态法以及超声动静态法联合检查,对比检查结果。结果 以X线与临床指标作为金标准,2 000例新生儿中6例阳性,1 994例阴性,Graf法诊断中206例阳性、1 794例阴性,误诊200例。以X线与临床指标作为金标准,2 000例新生儿中6例阳性,1 994例阴性,Harcke法诊断中126例阳性、1 874例阴性,误诊120例。以X线与临床指标作为金标准,2 000例新生儿中6例阳性,1 994例阴性,Graf法联合Harcke法诊断中16例阳性、1 984例阴性,误诊10例。Graf法联合Harcke法诊断准确度(99.50%)、特异度(99.20%)高于Harcke法准确度(94.00%)、特异度(93.98%),Harcke法上述各指标则高于Graf法准确度(90.00%)、特异度(89.07%),P<0.05。结论 婴幼儿发育性髋关节发育不良使用超声静态法筛查和动态法筛查均具有较高的准确率,而联合诊断...     

超声对先天性肌性斜颈伴发育性髋关节异常的诊断价值

目的 :探讨超声对先天性肌性斜颈(CMT)伴发育性髋关节异常(DDH)的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析176例CMT患儿超声检查时双侧胸锁乳突肌(SCM)厚度、髋关节Graf分型及临床相关资料,将其分为CMT+DDH组和CMT组进行对照分析。结果:CMT+DDH占11.4%(20/176);2组性别比、两者发病方向差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);CMT+DDH组双侧SCM厚度差值和双侧SCM厚度比率均明显高于CMT组(均P0.05);分别以双侧SCM厚度差值≥0.74 cm和双侧SCM厚度比率≥0.24为临界值,预测DDH的敏感度分别为50.0%和45.0%,特异度分别为77.6%和83.3%。结论:CMT和DDH有一定共存比例,超声显示双侧SCM厚度差值和厚度比率对CMT伴DDH具有预测价值,是早期诊断CMT与DDH的重要依据。     

超声评估Pavlik吊带术治疗发育性髋关节发育不良患儿疗效影响因素分析

目的 探讨超声评估Pavlik吊带术治疗发育性髋关节发育不良患儿疗效的影响因素.方法 选取广西医科大学第四附属医院及北京积水潭医院自2018年11月至2020年11月收治的接受Pavlik吊带术治疗的202例(238髋)发育性髋关节发育不良患儿为研究对象.采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归模型评价患儿超声评估疗效的...     

Graf法联合Harcke法筛查发育性髋关节发育不良的临床应用分析

目的:Graf法、Harcke法联合筛查发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)的临床应用价值,探讨髋臼窝发育和关节稳定性的关系.方法:选择6004例(12008髋)为研究对象,均接受Graf法、Harcke法检查.应用Harcke技术评价髋关节外展程度和稳定性,应用Graf技术对髋关节分型,并与临床诊断比较,计算Graf法、H...     

发育性髋关节发育不良：影像检查新观点

目前,发育性髋关节发育不良（DDH）的诊断主要依靠超声及X线平片。超声的敏感性虽高,但观察者依赖性强,容易造成过度诊断;X线平片仅能观察骨性髋关节的形态,不能显示软骨部分,然而髋臼软骨对髋关节的稳定具有重要作用。由于MRI软组织分辨力高,可清晰显示髋臼软骨并进行定量测量,还可显示影响髋关节复位的软组织成分,因此MRI在DDH的诊断和治疗的应用越来越广泛。综述影像检查在DDH诊断中的新观点和思路,特别是MRI在评估髋关节发育中的应用价值。     

发育性髋关节脱位的影像学研究

发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dislocationof the hip,DDH)是小儿骨科最常见的先天性畸形之一,发病率为0·91%~8·2%[1]。多数患儿为女性,左侧较右侧多见。DDH患儿出生时无明显体征,因而容易漏诊以致延误诊治,最终将导致不可逆的痛性骨关节炎和不同程度的残疾。只有早期诊断     

髋关节MR造影检查对发育性髋关节发育不良病人髋臼盂唇损伤程度的评价

目的评价髋关节MR造影检查对发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)病人髋臼盂唇损伤的诊断价值。方法选取2015年12月—2016年10月进行髋关节MR造影检查的DDH病人16例,其中男3例,女13例,年龄10~20岁,平均(14.88±2.60)岁。对每例病人的患侧髋臼行超声引导下髋关节MR造影检查,分别对前、外上及后盂唇进行观察,由2名影像诊断医师评价盂唇损伤的部位及程度,并以术中诊断结果作为金标准进行对比。采用Kappa检验计算髋关节MR造影检查与术中诊断的一致性。结果 16例病人共48处盂唇,无撕裂37处(0期32处,Ⅰ期损伤5处),髋臼实质部撕裂3处,髋臼盂唇-软骨连接区撕裂8处。术中所见无撕裂38处,髋臼实质部撕裂3处,髋臼盂唇-软骨连接区撕裂7处。髋关节MR造影诊断髋臼盂唇撕裂的敏感度为100%,特异度为97.37%,阳性预测值为90.91%,阴性预测值为100%。MR髋关节造影检查与术中诊断的一致性较好(Kappa=0.939,P0.001)。髋关节MR造影显示盂唇肥大、内翻2例,均为前盂唇,与术中所见相吻合。结论髋关节MR造影检查对DDH病人髋臼盂唇损伤诊断的敏感性和特异性均较高,可作为术前常规检查手段。     

发育性髋关节发育不良的外科治疗分析

目的：探讨发育性髋关节发育不良的治疗方法及疗效。方法：对26例发育性髋关节发育不良的治疗效果进行回顾性分析,治疗方法包括Pavlik吊带、蛙式石膏、Salter截骨、Pemberton截骨、Steel截骨、Chairi截骨及复合股骨近端截骨治疗。结果：Pavlik吊带2例为优。蛙式石膏4例,优1例,良1例,差2例。Salter截骨14髋,优5例,良4例,可4例,差1例。Pemberton截骨8髋,优5例,良3例。Steel截骨1例可。Chairi截骨2例优。结论：根据病情采用不同的治疗方法是提高发育性髋关节发育不良治疗效果的重要手段。     

A meta-analysis of common risk factors associated with the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns

Background

Although there is no clear consensus about the process of screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), there are six common risk factors associated with DDH in patients less than 6 months of age (breech presentation, sex, family history, first-born, side of hip, and mode of delivery).

Methods

A meta-analysis of published studies was conducted to identify the relative risk ratio of the six commonly known risk factors. A total of 31 primary studies consisting of 20,196 DDH patients met the following inclusion criteria: (1) contained empirical data on at least one common risk factor, (2) were peer-reviewed from an English language scientific journal, (3) included patients less or equal to 6 months of age, and (4) identified method of diagnosis (e.g., ultrasound, radiographs or clinical examination).

Results

Fixed effect and random effects models with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each of the six risk factors. Reported relative risk ratio (RR) for each factor in newborns was: breech presentation 3.75 (95% CI: 2.25–6.24), females 2.54 (95% CI: 2.11–3.05), left hip side 1.54 (95% CI: 1.25–1.90), first born 1.44 (95% CI: 1.12–1.86), and family history 1.39 (95% CI: 1.23–1.57). A non-significant RR value of 1.22 (95% CI: 0.46–3.23) was found for mode of delivery.

Conclusion

Results suggest that ultrasound and radiology screening methods be used to confirm DDH in newborns that present with one or a combination of the following common risk factors: breech presentation, female, left hip affected, first born and family history of DDH.     

发育性髋关节脱位髋臼前倾角的CT研究

目的:研究发育性髋关节脱位髋臼前倾角的变化,为手术选择和判断预后提供依据。方法:选择手术前发育性髋关节脱位DunnⅠ型28髋,DunnⅡ型19髋,DunnⅢ型22髋。选取手术后为优的17髋。正常髋关节12髋。采用多层螺旋CT扫描,然后行髋臼三维重建,测量通过两侧Y形软骨中心O点的横断面测量髋臼前倾角。结果:髋臼前倾角度数正常组<术后相似文献   

Ultrasound in the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns. The European approach. A review of methods, accuracy and clinical validity

Based on soft evidence that ultrasound screening tends to reduce the rate of late developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and the need for surgical interventions, different screening strategies including universal or selective ultrasound screening have been established in several European countries and centres during the last decade. We performed an extensive search for articles on ultrasound diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip over the last 26 years. A few studies reported an adequate repeatability for the static [Graf, Morin, modified Morin (Terjesen)] and for the combined static/dynamic methods [modified Graf (Rosendahl)], while no such reports were found for the dynamic (Harcke) ultrasound techniques. The effect of newborn ultrasound screening on late DDH have been addressed in two randomised trials (RCTs), both concluding that both selective and universal ultrasound screening tend to reduce the prevalence of subluxed or dislocated DDH, thus without reaching statistical significance. Finally, several observational studies have shown that morphologically normal hips tend to remain normal with or without a co-existing instability, and 97% of sonographically immature hips tend to normalise spontaneously within 3 months. Two studies report on a similar pattern for mildly dysplastic, but stable hips. From the data available we suggest that selective ultrasound screening is worthwhile in areas with a high prevalence of late cases, given a well-organised, high-quality service can be provided.     

Femoral anteversion in infants: a method using ultrasound

Objective To design a reproducible method to measure femoral anteversion in children under 1 year old.Design and patients We conducted a prospective, observational study to determine intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of the sonographic measurement of femoral anteversion in infants. The method involves imaging of the proximal femur using a vertical transducer with the infant in the lateral position. Anterior femoral anteversion is measured using a vertical baseline and a line tangential to the anterior femoral head and the trochanter (anterior anteversion). We similarly measured true femoral anteversion using a line passing through the centre of the femoral head and the femoral neck (true anteversion). Anteversion measurements were taken at the time of routine ultrasound screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip when infants were an average of 10.4 weeks old. Anteversion measurements were made in 74 hips (37 infants).Results Our results showed that for the anterior anteversion measurements intra-observer repeatability was ±6.2° and inter-observer repeatability was ±7.8°. For true anteversion measurements intra-observer repeatability was ±9.5°, but inter-observer repeatability was ±23.5°.Conclusions Our results have shown that our method for measuring "anterior femoral anteversion" has an acceptable level of inter- and intra-observer agreement. The method used to determine "true anteversion", however, proved to have an unacceptable level of inter-observer variability.     

2岁以下小儿发育性髋关节发育不良髋关节软骨T2 mapping分析

目的探讨2岁及2岁以下发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)患儿股骨头软骨及髋臼软骨T2值的变化规律。方法回顾性收集2岁及2岁以下行髋关节MR T2 mapping检查的幼儿59名,其中临床和MR检查异常并确诊DDH的患儿34例(年龄5~24个月),同期MRI检查正常且临床明确除外DDH的正常幼儿25名(年龄5~24个月)。全部幼儿按年龄分为3组:组1,年龄≤6个月(DDH 7例,对照7名);组2,6个月<年龄≤12个月(DDH 4例,对照6名);组3,12个月<年龄≤24个月(DDH 23例,对照12名)。在T2 mapping横断面影像上将股骨头软骨分为8个亚区(F1~F8),髋臼软骨分为6个亚区(A1~A6),在每个亚区选取兴趣区(ROI)并测量其T2值。DDH患儿和对照者间的T2值比较采用独立样本t检验。3组DDH患儿各软骨亚区间T2值比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用SNK法。采用Spearman相关分析DDH患儿软骨T2值与年龄的相关性。结果与正常对照者软骨T2值比较,组1中DDH患儿A1、A3亚区的T2值较高(均P<0.05);组2中DDH患儿F3~F5亚区及A1、A3、A4亚区T2值较高(均P<0.05);组3中DDH患儿F1~F8亚区及A1~A4亚区T2值较高(均P<0.05);其他各软骨亚区T2值在正常幼儿与DDH患儿间的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。3组DDH患儿各软骨亚区间T2值比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),股骨头软骨中F3~F6亚区的T2值在组2最高,其余4个亚区的T2值均为组1最高(均P<0.05);髋臼软骨各亚区T2值均为组1最高(均P<0.05)。DDH患儿股骨头软骨和髋臼软骨各亚区T2值与年龄呈中度或高度负相关。结论应用T2 mapping成像可定量评价DDH患儿的股骨头软骨及髋臼软骨的生长发育情况,为髋关节软骨的评估提供重要指导。     

Camptomelic dysplasia: prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound

We report a case of camptomelic dysplasia, an extremely rare lethal congenital bony dysplasia with an incidence of about 2 per million live births. Diagnosis was made antenatally at a gestational age of about 25 weeks by sonographic demonstration of anterior bowing of long bones, hypoplastic scapulae, bilateral talipes equinovarus, and normally ossified unfractured ribs. The mother elected to terminate the pregnancy, and the diagnosis was confirmed on clinical and radiographic examination of the fetus. Radiological features and differential diagnoses of this entity are discussed.     

Anterior axial ultrasound in monitoring infants with Pavlik harness

Real-time ultrasonography has been used for diagnosis and screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip for several years. If diagnostic criteria are well established, the use of sonography in follow-up of treated infants remains extremely variable. The aims of this study were (a) to describe the normal sonographic anatomy of the infant abducted hip on an anterior axial view, and (b) to define the role of this approach in the follow-up of developmental dysplasia treated by Pavlik harness. Thirty-eight patients with Pavlik harness had anterior axial sonograms in addition to their usual clinical and sonographic follow-up. Normal anatomy was inferred from the examination of 25 clinically proven normal hips in the same population. The best criterion of a normal positioning of the femoral head appears to be the alignment of the pubic bone and the femoral metaphysis. Pavlik harness was the only treatment in 32 patients. It was directly efficient in 22, after readjustment in 10 patients. Reduction was shown by anterior sonography in all of them. In 6 children, sonography showed no reduction and subsequent treatment by closed or open reduction was carried out. Anterior axial sonogram can show reduction of a dislocated hip in children with Pavlik harness, but it does not evaluate its stability. It helps optimize the settings of the harness, and may predict a poor outcome, but it does not identify the cause of non-reducibility.