1989-2015年中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)18～35岁成年人膳食维生素摄入现状及其变化趋势

目的 分析1989-2015年中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)18～35岁成年人膳食维生素摄入的现状及长期变化.方法 利用"中国健康与营养调查"1989-2015年和"中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究"2015年涵盖中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)的随访调查数据.以18～35岁成年人作为研究对象,利用非参数统计方法分析膳食维...     

产妇产褥期膳食模式及与3月龄内婴儿生长发育的关系

目的探讨产妇产褥期膳食模式及与3月龄内婴儿生长发育的关系,为妇幼保健提供新思路及相关建议。方法采用方便抽样的方法,于北京等7地依托妇幼保健院调查分娩后3个月内的妇女及婴儿各550例,产妇均为乳母,自拟调查问卷获得产妇及婴儿一般情况,采用食物频率法调查产妇产褥期膳食摄入情况,当地儿保医生测量获得婴儿体格发育资料。结果产妇产褥期果蔬、奶豆类、鱼虾类摄入不足比例较高,畜禽肉类、蛋类摄入过量比例较高,计算膳食平衡指数各指标,发现47.4%的产妇存在中度及以上膳食摄入过量,38.4%的产妇存在低度摄入不足,50.8%的产妇则有中度及以上的膳食摄入不足,80.0%的产妇存在中度及以上的膳食不均衡状况;调查的3月龄内婴儿中,4.8%存在生长迟缓,11.8%存在轻度及以上的体质量不足,6.4%存在消瘦;多因素分析发现负端分和年龄别身长Z(LAZ)值存在负相关(P0.05),偏回归系数为-0.018,偏相关系数为-0.115。结论产妇产褥期膳食摄入不均衡,肉蛋类摄入过量与果蔬、奶豆、鱼虾类摄入不足并存,其中膳食摄入不足可能引起婴儿生长迟缓。     

乌鲁木齐县南山哈萨克族膳食营养素摄入与高血压关系

目的 探讨牧区定居哈萨克族膳食营养素摄入与高血鹾的关系.方法 采用24h回顾法,对乌鲁木县南山两个哈萨克族聚居的牧业村122名>23岁居民进行了膳食营养素摄入情况调查.结果 被调查人群膳食钙、VB2、VC摄入不足,而其它营养素达到或超过供给量标准,其中高血压组膳食钙、VC低于正常组,而热能和脂肪摄入高于正常血压组(P<...     

中国9省/自治区成年居民膳食胆固醇摄入与高胆固醇血症关系的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨成年居民膳食胆固醇摄入与高胆固醇血症的关系. 方法 利用“中国健康与营养调查”数据,本研究中纳入的研究对象为同时参加2004年和2009年2轮调查、且在2009年调查时年龄为25～65岁、血样检测和膳食调查数据完整的成年居民,共4 244人.以《中国成人血脂异常防治指南2007》为标准,血清TC≥6.22 mmol/L时,判定为高胆固醇血症.采用非条件logistic回归方法,研究膳食胆固醇摄入与高胆固醇血症的关系.结果 2009年成年居民平均血清TC水平为4.9 mmol/L,高胆固醇血症患病率为9.6%.2004－2009年膳食胆固醇摄入量总体呈大幅增长,尤其是低摄入量组的增幅最大.男性成年居民中2004年膳食胆固醇摄入中低水平者和2009年膳食胆固醇摄入高水平者,高胆固醇血症患病风险增加.女性膳食胆固醇摄入与高胆固醇血症之间未见统计学关联.结论 膳食胆固醇摄入与高胆固醇血症的关系具有性别差异.膳食胆固醇摄入水平升高,可增加男性居民发生高胆固醇血症的危险性.     

中国八城市老年人能量及蛋白质摄入与肌肉衰减症的关系

目的 探究中国八城市老年人能量、蛋白质摄入水平与肌肉衰减症的关系.方法 数据来源于2016年的"中国城市成年人群膳食与健康关系研究".采用立意抽样和多阶段整群抽样相结合的方法,抽取65岁及以上研究对象427人,采用问卷调查的方法获得社会人口学特征和生活习惯,采用24小时膳食回顾调查法获得调查对象膳食摄入情况并根据《中国...     

1991-2015年中国九省(自治区)老年人食物摄入现状及变化趋势

目的 分析中国九省(自治区)60岁及以上老年人食物摄入的长期变化趋势.方法 利用"中国健康与营养调查"1991-2015年的9轮随访数据,以60岁及以上的老年人作为研究对象.采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法和家庭称重记账法(食用油和调味品)收集膳食资料,分析老年人平均每日食物摄入状况及变化趋势.应用2016版中国居民平衡...     

用中国膳食平衡指数研究涉铅工人食物摄入水平

目的了解铅接触作业工人膳食结构及营养状况,评价个体膳食模式,为营养干预提供依据。方法对涉铅工人进行半定量食物频率调查,用中国膳食平衡指数（DBI）和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》评价。结果 427名涉铅工人膳食结构中,果蔬、鱼虾和乳蛋类摄入不足,酒类、油脂和盐类摄入过量;用DBI模式评价,总人群膳食平均摄入量趋向不足。个体评价发现食物摄入量较理想,模式A和模式B占60.9%。结论营养摄入不足是涉铅作业工人膳食主要问题,应针对涉铅作业特点和不同性别,开展有针对性的平衡膳食指导。     

苏州市高血压患者膳食纤维摄入现状及与血压的关系

目的 本研究旨在了解高血压患者膳食纤维摄入与其血压控制的关系,为高血压患者开展针对性的营养干预提供依据。方法 于2019年3—10月选取符合纳入标准的240例高血压患者进行调查,运用一般资料调查表收集高血压患者的人口学资料及临床资料;运用3 d饮食日记收集患者日常饮食情况,并通过营养软件计算患者膳食纤维摄入量;收集患者的3 d血压,取其平均值。结果 高血压患者膳食纤维摄入水平较低,膳食纤维摄入量为（10.17±4.38）g/d,远低于膳食纤维最低推荐量（25 g/d）。调整混杂因素后,膳食纤维摄入量是高血压患者收缩压（B = - 0.362, P＜0.001, OR = 0.696, 95%CI: 0.606～0.799）和舒张压（B = - 0.132, P = 0.016, OR = 0.876, 95%CI: 0.787～0.976）控制的保护因素。结论 高血压患者膳食纤维摄入严重不足,是高血压患者血压控制不佳的重要影响因素。应加强膳食纤维与血压关系的宣教,增加膳食纤维的摄入,从而帮助控制该人群的血压。     

1989-2009年中国九省区膳食营养素摄入状况及变化趋势(七)18～49岁成年居民膳食锌的摄入状况及变化趋势

目的描述1989-2009年中国九省区18～49成年岁居民膳食锌的摄入状况、食物来源以及二十年间的变化趋势。方法利用"中国健康与营养调查"的资料,选取1989、1991、1993、1997、2000、2004、2006和2009年调查中18～49岁成年人作为研究对象,采用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾询问法收集膳食资料。结果中国九省区居民平均每日锌摄入量从1989年的12.3mg下降到2009年的11.2mg。1989年和2009年中国九省区成年居民膳食锌摄入量不足的概率分别为32.7%和45.8%。膳食锌主要来源于谷类食物、动物性食物、坚果和蔬菜水果。结论我国成年居民中普遍存在着锌摄入不足的问题,应该从调整膳食结构入手,引导居民增加富含锌的食物摄入,以维持锌营养需求与健康状况。     

重庆市居民食物摄入频率现况及影响因素评价

[目的]了解重庆市居民食物摄入频率现状和膳食结构模式,为今后开展营养教育和营养改善工作提供科学依据.[方法]选用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查重庆地区的资料,运用食物摄入频率法调查了1 520名15岁及以上居民,对每个调查对象过去1年的各类食物摄入频率和摄入量进行询问.采用评分方法评价重庆市居民的膳食质量.采用多因素Logistic回归分析方法筛选食物摄入频率的相关影响因素.[结果]重庆市居民的膳食结构不太合理,城乡间人群的膳食结构存在着一定的差异.城市居民畜禽肉类和油脂类摄入过量,鱼虾类摄入不足;农村居民油脂类摄入过量,水果、鱼虾类、蛋类、奶及奶制品和豆类及豆制品摄入不足.[结论]目前重庆市居民的膳食状况以水果、豆类及豆制品和奶及奶制品摄入不足为主要问题,应加强宣传教育提高营养知识水平,合理调整膳食结构,纠正不良的膳食习惯.     

Fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of proximal colon, distal colon, and rectal cancers in a case-control study in Western Australia

Background

Fruits and vegetables (F/V) have been examined extensively in nutrition research in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, their protective effect is subject to debate, possibly because of different effects on different subsites of the large bowel.

Objective

To determine whether any association between F/V consumption and risk of CRC differed by subsite of the bowel (proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum).

Design

The Western Australian Bowel Health Study is a population-based, case-control study conducted between June 2005 and August 2007. Complete food frequency questionnaire data were analysed from 834 CRC cases and 939 controls. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of quartiles of F/V intake on risk of CRC at different subsites. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for CRC overall and for the three separate subsites.

Results

Risk of proximal colon cancer and rectal cancer was not associated with intakes of total F/V, total vegetable, or total fruit. Brassica vegetable intake was inversely related with proximal colon cancer (Q4 vs Q1 OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.93). For distal colon cancer, significant negative trends were seen for total F/V, and total vegetable intake. Distal colon cancer risk was significantly decreased for intake of dark yellow vegetables (Q4 vs Q1 OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.92) and apples (Q4 vs Q1 OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.77). An increased risk for CRC was found to be associated with intake of fruit juice (Q4 vs Q1 OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.24 to 2.45).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that different F/V may confer different risks for cancer of the proximal colon, distal colon, or rectum. Future studies might consider taking into account the location of the tumor when examining the relation between F/V consumption and risk of CRC.     

A short dutch questionnaire to measure fruit and vegetable intake: relative validity among adults and adolescents

A short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake was validated. Forty-nine adults and fifty-one adolescents (12-18 years old) completed the FFQ at home, and subsequently kept diet records for seven successive days. Mean daily intake of F&V was overestimated by the FFQ as compared to the 7-day diet records. For adults, spearman correlations of at least 0.5 were observed between the two methods for intake of total fruit and intake of citrus fruit. For adolescents, acceptable spearman correlations (0.53-0.64) were observed between the two methods for total F&V intake, total fruit intake and consumption of fruit juice. Low correlations (0.22-0.35) between the FFQ and the diet records were found for vegetable intake. Relatively large percentages (22-37%) of respondents were incorrectly classified by the short FFQ as eating according to the Dutch recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake. Based on the results of the present study as well as an overview of the results of 34 earlier validation studies of F&V FFQ's, it is concluded that the available FFQ's have only limited capability to make valid assessment of F&V intake levels. In spite of the practical advantages of the short FFQ tested in the present study and the similar validity scores as compared with other often used F&V FFQ's, it needs further revision, especially to be used for valid measurement of vegetable intake as well as total F&V intake among adults.     

The effects of a fruit and vegetable promotion intervention on unhealthy snacks during mid‐morning school breaks: results of the Dutch Schoolgruiten Project

Background: Ample fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake has been associated with a decreased risk of chronic disease. The health‐enhancing effects of increased F&V consumption, however, would be even more apparent if the increased F&V consumption additionally led to a lower intake of unhealthy, high calorie snacks. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether a primary school‐based intervention (the Dutch Schoolgruiten Project) that promoted F&V intake could additionally reduce the intake of unhealthy, high calorie snacks during school breaks. Methods: The study applied a longitudinal design with baseline and two follow‐up measurements. Children were aged 9–10 years old at baseline; 705 children were included. The main strategy was a F&V scheme that improved the availability, accessibility and exposure to F&V at school by providing one serving of fruit or vegetables twice a week at no cost. The amounts of F&V and unhealthy snacks for consumption at school were measured using a single‐item question included in a questionnaire. Multilevel autoregressive logistic regression models with a three‐level structure (school, child and time) were used to assess the effect of the intervention on both F&V and unhealthy snack consumption. Results: The children of the intervention group brought F&V from home to school at follow‐up significantly more often than the children of the control schools [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04; 1.90] and brought fewer unhealthy snacks (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.34; 0.92). Conclusion: The present study provides some evidence that the Schoolgruiten intervention effect on F&V intake also reduced unhealthy snacking during school breaks.     

Fruit and vegetable consumption is inversely associated with blood pressure in a Mediterranean population with a high vegetable-fat intake: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Study

There is evidence that a diet rich in fruit and vegetables reduces blood pressure (BP). Characteristically, the Mediterranean diet is rich in plant-derived foods and also in fat, but studies conducted in Mediterranean countries to relate diet to BP are scarce. We studied the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and BP in a cross-sectional analysis of 4393 participants in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Study, an ongoing dynamic cohort study in Spain. Diet was measured using a food-frequency questionnaire previously validated in Spain. Fat represented more than 37 % total energy intake. Subjects were considered to have undiagnosed hypertension if they reported systolic BP > or = 140 mmHg or diastolic BP > or = 90 mmHg, and not a medical diagnosis of hypertension. The adjusted prevalence odds ratio of undiagnosed hypertension (upper v. lowest quintile) was 0.58 (95 % CI 0.36, 0.91; P for trend 0.01) for vegetable consumption and 0.68 (95 % CI 0.43, 1.09; P for trend 0.10) for fruit consumption. Comparing those in the highest quintile of both fruit and vegetable consumption with those in the lowest quintile of both food groups, the prevalence odds ratio was 0.23 (95 % CI 0.10, 0.55; P = 0.001), after adjusting for risk factors for hypertension and other dietary exposures. In a Mediterranean population with an elevated fat consumption, a high fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with BP levels.     

Dietary Fiber and Its Source Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korean Adults

We examined the associations of dietary fiber and its source with cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults. This cross-sectional study involved 16,792 adults from the 2013–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Dietary data were obtained using a 24 h recall method and used to evaluate intakes of total dietary fiber and its source and fruit consumption. Cardiovascular risk factors included obesity, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the associations of dietary fiber and its source with cardiovascular risk factors by sex. Total fiber and fruit fiber intake in men were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (Q5 vs. Q1: odds ratios (OR) = 0.69, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.53–0.92 for total fiber; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61–0.93 for fruit fiber). Among women, a higher intake of fruit fiber was related to a reduced prevalence of obesity (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.85, p trend = 0.029) and abdominal obesity (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.82, p trend = 0.026). Total fruit and whole fruit consumption was inversely associated with obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome in men and hypertension in women. The amount and sources of fiber are associated with metabolic diseases in Korean adults and should be considered in the context of overall dietary quality.     

蔬菜水果食用频率与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的相关性

目的 探讨中国城乡居民蔬菜和水果食用频率与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的关系.方法 2007年在全国疾病监测系统的161个监测点中,采用多阶段按比例分层随机抽样的方法,抽取了48 974名15～69岁居民作为调查对象,采用标准化问卷调查收集相关信息,比较不同蔬菜食用频率(<4、4～5、6～7 d/周)和水果食用频率(<2、2～4、5～7 d/周)的自报COPD患病风险.结果 蔬菜食用频率为6～7和<4 d/周者分别占89.9%(44 019/48 974)和4.6%(2262/48 974),水果食用频率为5～7和<2 d/周者分别占30.8%(15 072/48 974)和31.5%(15 432/48 974).自报COPD患病率为2.9%(1412/48 974).调整了年龄、性别、城乡、被动吸烟和COPD家族史后,与水果食用频率较低(<2 d/周)的人群相比,水果食用频率较高的人群(5～7 d/周)患COPD的风险降低(在不吸烟者中,OR=0.80,95%CI:0.66～0.98;在吸烟者中,OR=0.80,95%CI:0.64～0.99).在不吸烟者中,高蔬菜食用频率(6～7 d/周)者患COPD风险较低(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.48～0.89).结论 食用蔬菜和水果可能对COPD有保护性作用.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the association between frequency of fruit and vegetable intake and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods In 2007,48 974 Chinese residents aged 15-69 years were selected as study participants by multistage stratified proportionate to size random sampling from the 161 sites of Disease Surveillance Points System.Standardized questionnaires were used to collect relevant information to compare the risk for self-reported physician diagnosed COPD between different frequency groups for fruit(<2,2-4,5-7 d/week) and vegetable(<4,4-5,6-7 d/week) intake.Results The proportion of vegetable intake was 89.9%(44 019/48 974) and 4.6%(2262/48 974) for individuals with frequency of 6-7 and <4 d/week respectively.The proportion of fruit intake was 30.8%(15 072/48 974) and 31.5%(15 432/48 974) for individuals with frequency of 5-7 and <2 d/week respectively.The prevalence of self-reported COPD was 2.9%(1412/48 974).After adjusting for age,sex,urban/rural areas,passive smoking exposure and family history,the risk of COPD decreased among those with high frequency(5-7 d/week) of fruit intake( OR=0.80,95%CI:0.66-0.98 for never smokers; OR=0.80,95%CI:0.64-0.99 for ever smokers),compared to subjects with low frequency of fruit intake(<2 d/week).Among never smokers, those with high frequency of vegetable intake(6-7 d/w) had a low risk of developing COPD (OR=0.65,95%CI:0.48-0.89).Conclusion There were beneficial effects of fruit and vegetable intake on COPD.     

Interaction between dietary intake and GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in head and neck cancer risk: a case-control study in São Paulo, Brazil

A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to investigate the potential interaction between dietary factors and polymorphisms in phase II metabolic enzymes GSTM1 and GSTT1, associated with head and neck cancer risk. The study included 103 histologically confirmed incident cases and 101 controls. Food intake was estimated with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The gene polymorphisms were evaluated by PCR. Increased risk was observed in the highest tertile of beef consumption in the presence of the GSTM1 (OR = 10.79; 95%CI: 2.17-53.64) and GSTT1 null alleles (OR = 3.41; 95%CI: 0.43-27.21). Assessment of dietary intake considering the ratio between animal product and vegetable consumption showed OR = 2.35 (95%CI: 0.27-19.85) in the intermediate tertile and OR = 3.36 (95%CI: 0.41-27.03) in the highest tertile. The results suggest a possible interaction between meat intake and GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphisms in modulating the risk of head and neck cancer, influenced by vegetable consumption.     

Patterns of fruit and vegetable consumption among Iranian adults: a SuRFNCD-2007 study

The aim of the present study was to describe the patterns of fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake in a nationally representative sample of the Iranian population. The data collected in the Third National Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases (SuRFNCD-2007) were used. In a sample of 3702 Iranian adult participants, patterns of F&V consumption were assessed using the WHO STEPwise method. Low F&V consumption was defined as intake of less than five servings of fruit and/or vegetable daily according to the WHO guidelines. F&V consumption was compared among different age groups, sex and urban/rural areas using complex sample analysis. On average, 1·26 servings of fruit and 1·32 servings of vegetables were consumed daily. Taken together, Iranian adults consumed 2·58 F&V servings per d, with females eating more than males (P ≤ 0·001). Moreover, there was a trend towards lower consumption rates in older-age categories (P = 0·003). Prevalence of low F&V intake (less than five servings daily) was 87·5 % and also tended to be higher in older-age categories (P = 0·004). Prevalence of low intake did not differ significantly among men and women or urban and rural areas. A high prevalence of low F&V consumption in the Iranian adult population was documented. These findings may guide health policy makers in developing specific plans to encourage adequate F&V intake.     

The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and peripheral arterial disease

BACKGROUND: High fruit and vegetable consumption has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, but few studies have focused on peripheral arterial disease. In this study, we evaluated the association of consumption of fruits and vegetables with peripheral arterial disease. METHODS: In a cohort of 44,059 men initially free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, we documented 295 cases of peripheral arterial disease during a 12-year follow-up. Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: In the age-adjusted model, men in the highest quintile had a relative risk of 0.55 (95% confidence interval = 0.38-0.80) for overall fruit and vegetable intake, 0.52 (0.36-0.77) for fruit intake, and 0.54 (0.36-0.81) for vegetable intake, compared with those in the lowest quintile of intake. However, the associations were greatly weakened after adjustment for smoking and other traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Comparing men in the highest quintile versus the lowest quintile, relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were 0.95 (0.62-1.44) for overall fruit and vegetable intake, 0.97 (0.64-1.48) for fruit intake, and 0.76 (0.50-1.17) for vegetable intake. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find evidence that fruit and vegetable consumption protects against peripheral arterial disease, although a modest benefit cannot be excluded.     

Antioxidant vitamins and risk of gastric cancer: a case-control study in Portugal

We quantified the effect of antioxidant vitamins in gastric cancer risk, taking into account Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and overall fruit and vegetable intake. Incident cases were identified in two large hospitals in Porto, Portugal, and controls were randomly sampled among city dwellers. Food intake was assessed with a previously validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. A commercially available chromatographic immunoassay was used for the detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies. Complete questionnaire information and serum samples were available for 233 cases and 311 controls. Compared with subjects in the lowest tertile of dietary intake, the odds ratios (ORs) for those in the highest were 0.85 (95% confidence interval, CI = 0.45-1.60) for vitamin C, 1.04 (95% CI = 0.60-1.80) for vitamin E, and 1.33 (95% CI = 0.77-2.30) for provitamin A carotenoids after further adjusting for fruit and vegetable consumption. Fruit and vegetables remained an independent protective factor (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.23-0.89) after further adjustment for the intake of antioxidant vitamins. H. pylori status had no significant interaction with dietary items. Factors other than H. pylori infection and intake of vitamin C and provitamin A carotenoids seem to account for the inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption and gastric cancer.