GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂对STEMI患者急诊PCI治疗中TIMI血流的影响

目的 探讨ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗中运用血小板糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班对患者梗死相关血管血流的影响作用。方法 按照就诊顺序将92例STEMI患者分为试药组和对照组各46例,试药组患者行PCI前1~3 h冠脉内应用替罗非班,对照组直接行PCI,比较两组患者PCI中梗死相关血管的急性心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流情况、主要心血管不良事件及预后情况。结果 PCI术前,研究组的TIMI血流分级Ⅲ级（33%）、Ⅱ级（43%）高于对照组的Ⅲ级和Ⅱ级构成比,试药组的TIMI血流分布显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。PCI术后,试药组的TIMI血流分级Ⅲ级（91%）、Ⅱ级（9%）与对照组的Ⅲ级（85%）、Ⅱ级（15%）分布比较接近,两组PCI术后TIMI血流分级比较差异不显著。PCI术前与术后,试药组的TIMI心肌再灌注(TMP)血流分级分布均显著的优于对照组（P<0.05）。PCI术后住院期间,两组患者的主要心血管不良事件发生率、术后左室射血分数值,血小板计数减少情况比较差异均不显著。结论 急诊PCI术前常规应用替罗非班对改善术前梗死血管血流、心肌灌注、术后心肌灌注均有显著作用。     

非支架植入策略对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者临床预后的影响

目的 比较非支架植入策略（non-stent implantation strategy,NS）与支架植入策略（stent implantation strategy,S）对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（ST-elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者临床预后的影响。方法 回顾性纳入2018年1月至2020年1月因STEMI就诊于广东省人民医院、广东省人民医院珠海医院、揭西人民医院的患者共245例,其中共51例STEMI患者接受了延迟支架策略,NS组21例,S组30例,分析其临床资料。对患者接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗预处理后及1周后再次接受PCI治疗后的冠状动脉造影（coronary angiography,CAG）影像资料进行记录和分析：“罪犯”血管的心肌梗死溶栓试验（thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI）血流分级和TIMI心肌灌注分级（TIMI myocardial perfusion grading,TMPG）。对术中...     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者冠状动脉血流灌注分级与围术期临床指标的关系

目的 探讨ST段抬高型心肌梗死（ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者冠状动脉血流灌注分级与围术期临床指标的相关性。方法 回顾性纳入2018年1月至2021年6月于聊城市第二人民医院行经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗的STEMI患者共159例，根据术前心肌梗死溶栓试验（thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI）血流分级分组，其中TIMI 0～1组和2～3级组分别为121例、38例。分析两组患者一般资料、冠状动脉造影指标及光学相干断层扫描技术（optical coherence tomography,OCT）相关指标，采用Logistic回归模型评价STEMI患者PCI治疗前冠状动脉血流灌注分级独立影响因素。结果 两组患者的年龄、左心室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）及氨基末端脑钠肽前体（N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic pe...     

盐酸替罗非班对急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中TIMI血流影响的临床研究

目的分析Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班对ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)治疗中TIMI血流的影响。方法选择急诊入院STEMI患者48名,分为试验组(盐酸替罗非班+PCI)27例和对照组(直接PCI)21例。收集所有病例的临床和冠状动脉造影资料,观察PCI术前、术后TIMI血流情况。结果试验组于术前应用盐酸替罗非班使PCI前梗死相关血管TIMI血流分级提高,试验组达1级血流者比例高于对照组(37%比9.5%,P<0.05);对照组完全闭塞者比例明显高于试验组(38.1%比7.4%,P<0.01);两组患者PCI术后TIMI3级血流比例差异无统计学意义,TIMI2级血流比例试验组低于对照组。结论Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班可改善STEMI患者梗死相关血管的TIMI血流。     

丹参多酚酸盐对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗血流的影响

目的探讨冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术前静脉应用丹参多酚酸盐治疗对急性ST抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者冠状动脉血流的影响。方法选择STEMI并接受急诊PCI治疗的患者共60例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各30例,两组患者常规使用冠心病二级预防药物,观察组患者在PCI术前加用丹参多酚酸盐治疗。观察两组患者在PCI术后罪犯血管校正的TIMI帧数(corrected TIMI frame count,CTFC)和TIMI心肌灌注分级(TIMI myocardial perfusion,TMP),以及术前及术后心肌标志物的变化。结果观察组患者术后罪犯血管基础CTFC帧数明显优于对照组[(24.82±6.27)vs(29.69±7.49),P0.01];观察组患者术后TMP血流3级的患者数明显多于对照组[(83.33%vs 56.67%),P0.05];观察组术后16h复查心肌损伤标志物,磷酸肌酸激酶(creatinekinase,CK),磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(creatinekinase isoenzymes,CK-MB),肌钙蛋白I(troponin I,c Tn I)值明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 STEMI患者PCI术前应用丹参多酚酸盐治疗,能显著改善患者术后冠状动脉血流,并减少心肌损伤。     

不同缺血时间对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者介入血栓抽吸获益程度的影响

目的 探讨不同缺血时间对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者介入血栓抽吸(TA)获益程度的影响。方法 纳入STEMI且接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者198例,其中109例接受TA治疗患者作为TA组,89例未接受TA治疗患者作为对照组。根据心肌总缺血时间（TTT）将患者分为早期PCI组（TTT≤4h）72例和非早期PCI组（TTT＞4h）126例。采用心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级评价患者心外膜冠脉血流情况,并分析TA和TTT对STEMI患者PCI预后的影响。结果 PCI术前TA组TIMI血流分级0级患者比例高于对照组（P＜0.05）。早期PCI组接受TA患者比例高于非早期PCI组,而发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)患者比例低于非早期PCI组（P＜0.05）。STEMI患者接受TA治疗与MACE的发生呈负相关（P＜0.001）,而TTT与PCI术后全因死亡和MACE的发生均呈正相关（P＜0.001）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,对于所有STEMI患者,TTT＞4h明显增加MACE的发生风险,接受TA治疗降低MACE的发生风险（P＜0.05）。对于TA组患者,TTT＞4h增加全因死亡和MACE的发生风险（P＜0.05）。结论 对于接受PCI时行TA治疗的STEMI患者,TTT＞4h增加其全因死亡和MACE的发生风险。     

提前应用比伐芦定在直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的疗效与安全性研究

目的:探究急诊介入术前提前应用比伐芦定与常规用药相比在直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗中的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析103例接受直接PCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者,分为提前比伐芦定组(治疗组,49例)和常规比伐芦定组(对照组,54例)。所有患者在发病12 h内行急诊PCI术。治疗组在患者及家属同意行急诊PCI时即给予比伐芦定治疗,首先静脉给予比伐芦定负荷量(0.75 mg/kg),然后以1.75 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)持续静脉泵入至术后4 h。对照组在急诊PCI进入导管室穿刺时给予比伐芦定,给药方案同治疗组。观察2组患者造影时罪犯血管血流TIMI分级,校正的TIMI血流帧数计数,出血发生率,术后及随访6个月时死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、靶血管再次血运重建、支架血栓、心功能分级、左室射血分数、出血事件发生率。结果:治疗组冠状动脉(冠脉)造影所见罪犯血管TIMI血流分级优于对照组,0级血流比例低于对照组(44.9%∶74.1%,P0.05),术后血流帧数优于对照组[(31.4±8.9)帧∶(43.6±9.2)帧,P0.05]。2组出血事件发生率与随访6个月时死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、靶血管再次血运重建、心功能分级及左室射血分数均差异无统计学意义。结论:术前及早应用比伐芦定可改善未能尽早行PCI的急性STEMI患者的冠脉血流与心肌灌注,从而部分抵消因PCI延迟导致的心功能、左室射血分数下降及其他不良事件的发生,且不增加出血事件发生率。     

应用EXPORT血栓抽吸导管在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的有效性观察

目的:研究急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中血栓抽吸对各项心肌灌注和临床指标的影响。方法:108例冠状动脉造影证实血栓负荷重的急性STEMI患者,随机分为血栓抽吸+PCI组(n=53)及传统PCI组(n=55),比较两组术后心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)血流分级、校正TIMI帧数、TIMI心肌灌注分级、ST段抬高回落百分比、血浆肌酸激酶MB同工酶、肌钙蛋白I峰值及术后30天主要心脏不良事件发生率的差别。结果:血栓抽吸+PCI组TIMI血流分级、校正TIMI帧数、TIMI心肌灌注分级、ST段抬高回落百分比均明显优于传统PCI组(P<0.05或0.01),且血浆肌酸激酶MB同工酶、肌钙蛋白I峰值显著低于传统PCI组(P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义。结论:STEMI直接PCI中应用血栓抽吸可以改善血流及心肌灌注情况、降低心肌标志物峰值。     

早期应用主动脉内气囊反搏术对择期PCI的大面积STEMI患者临床预后的影响

目的研究早期应用主动脉内气囊反搏术（IABP）对择期行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的大面积急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者临床预后的影响。方法STEMI患者100例,发病12-72h之内,随机分为两组：对照组给予规范的药物治疗,治疗组在规范药物治疗的基础上床旁应用IABP3-5d。两组均于10～14d后行冠脉造影及PCI术,评价梗死相关血管PCI术前及术后冠脉血流（TIMI）、术后4周心功能及主要不良心脏事件的发生情况。结果治疗组PCI术前TIMI血流0及1级者少于对照组,TIMI3级者多于对照组,PCI术后4周主要不良心脏事件的发生率低于对照组,左心室射血分数（LVEF）高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对于择期行PCI的大面积STEMI患者早期应用IABP,能改善梗死相关血管的TIMI血流,减少术后4周主要不良心脏事件的发生率,改善心功能,临床应用安全有效。IABP应用宁早勿晚。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接介入术后恢复期心肌铁沉积的危险因素分析

目的：探讨ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后恢复期心肌铁沉积的危险因素。方法：前瞻性入选2019年10月至2021年9月，于北京安贞医院接受直接PCI且完成基线（术后3～7d）及恢复期（术后3～6个月）两次心脏磁共振（CMR）检查的STEMI患者。根据恢复期CMR图像是否存在铁沉积将患者分为两组，比较两组患者的临床特点并分析与恢复期铁沉积存在的相关危险因素。结果：共纳入148例患者，其中29例存在恢复期铁沉积。与恢复期不存在铁沉积的患者相比，恢复期存在铁沉积的患者中男性、高血压病史、前壁心肌梗死、术前TIMI血流0～1级的比例更高（P均<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，既往高血压病史（OR=5.30,95%CI:1.64～17.09,P=0.005）、前壁梗死（OR=8.15,95%CI:1.76～37.62,P=0.007）、术前TIMI血流0～1级（OR=2.84,95%CI:1.08～7.48,P=0.034）是STEMI患者恢复期心肌存在持续铁沉积的危险因素。结论：高血压病史、前壁心肌梗死、术前TIMI血流0～1级是...     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死的年轻患者冠脉介入术策略初探

目的:通过分析青中年ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果,初步探讨这类人群的最佳冠脉再通策略。方法:2007年1月~2008年10月224位因STEMI在第四军医大学唐都医院心脏内科行冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术的患者,入院后给与静脉溶栓或经皮球囊扩张术(PTCA)的首次再通治疗,根据其后8 d的CAG结果将患者分为支架植入组(n=160,男/女=132/28)和未植入支架组(n=64,男/女=64/0)。分析比较两组患者的基本情况、临床表现、病变情况以及首次再通治疗后8 d和6个月的CAG情况。结果:①未植入支架组患者年龄(32±3)岁,显著小于支架植入组(58±7)岁,P0.01;男性患者比例显著增高;并发糖尿病、高血压病、高血脂症患者的比例和体质量指数均显著低于植入支架组;无1例既往发生过心梗或心绞痛症状;疲劳和饮酒是其发病的主要诱因(均P0.01)。②首次血管再通治疗后8 d CAG结果:未植入支架组全部是前降支单支病变,而植入支架组有148例患者为多支病变(P0.01);受累血管的前向血流未植入支架组全部达到TIMIⅢ级,植入支架组仅有88例患者(P0.01);受累血管管腔狭窄程度前者为(37±10)%,显著轻于后者(82±8)%,P0.01。6个月CAG复查结果:受累血管的前向血流两组患者均达到TIMIⅢ级;管腔狭窄程度两组无显著差异,而且未植入支架组的管腔狭窄程度显著优于首次血管再通治疗后(P0.01)。结论:对下列患者植入支架应慎重:①年龄≤40岁;②梗塞血管再通后CAG示:受累血管壁光滑且管腔狭窄≤50%;③无其他需要行PCI处理的冠脉血管病变。     

Usefulness of preprocedural N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in predicting angiographic no-reflow phenomenon during stent implantation in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction

The no-reflow phenomenon after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with larger infarct size, worse functional recovery, and higher incidence of complication after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of this study was to assess the relation between preprocedural N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) and angiographic no-reflow phenomenon. We measured preprocedural serum NT-pro-BNP level in 159 consecutive patients with acute STEMI (aged 63 +/- 12 years; 72% men) before PCI. Angiographic no-reflow after PCI was defined as Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade <3. Baseline characteristics, including time from chest pain onset, between the no-reflow (n = 67) and normal-reflow groups (n = 92) were similar. NT-pro-BNP was significantly higher in the no-reflow group than the normal reflow group (1,982 +/- 3,314 vs 415 +/- 632 pg/ml; p = 0.005). Also, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, monocytes, and troponin-T were significantly higher in the no-reflow group than the normal-reflow group. In the no-reflow group, NT-pro-BNP was much higher in patients with TIMI flow grade 0 (n = 41; 2,290 +/- 3,495 pg/ml) than those with TIMI grade 1 or 2 (n = 26; 1,575 +/- 2,340 pg/ml), but without significant difference. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for NT-pro-BNP was 0.78, and the optimal cut-off value identified using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was 500 pg/ml. At the standard cut-off value of >500 pg/ml, increased NT-pro-BNP showed a high probability of no-reflow phenomenon (odds ratio 4.42, 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 17.00, p = 0.028). In conclusion, preprocedural NT-pro-BNP may be a strong predictor of the development of no-reflow phenomenon after PCI in patients with acute STEMI.     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗单纯冠状动脉内注射替罗非班的疗效及安全性

目的比较直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）前（急诊室）早期静脉负荷/维持应用和单纯术中冠状动脉（冠脉）内注射替罗非班对PCI术后即刻心肌灌注及术后30 d主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生率的影响。方法回顾性分析707例连续性急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）接受直接PCI患者,其中PCI时单纯冠脉内注射替罗非班（25μg/kg）86例（观察组）,急诊室开始应用替罗非班[静脉负荷10μg/kg,随后0.15μg/（kg·min）静脉维持]239例（对照组）。比较两组一般临床资料、造影特征、介入治疗、术后30 d MACE及出血事件发生率。结果观察组患者年龄[（63.8±11.4）岁比（57.9±8.8）岁,P=0.01]、女性（40.7%比25.1%,P=0.006）、高血压（58.6%比51.0%,P=0.005）及多支冠脉病变（57.0%比34.3%,P〈0.001）比例高于对照组。术前两组冠脉罪犯血管分布和TIMI血流相似;术后即刻,两组TIMI血流、心肌灌注分级（TMP）比较,差异均无统计学意义（P=0.66、P=0.48）。住院期间,观察组TIMI微出血发生率明显低于对照组（2.3%比9.6%,P=0.03）,两组院内MACE发生率和术后30 d无MACE生存率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P=0.72、P=0.48）。结论与早期静脉负荷及维持应用替罗非班相比,急诊PCI时单纯冠脉内注射替罗非班对患者术后30 d临床预后作用相似,但院内出血事件更少。将来仍需前瞻性临床随机试验进一步验证研究结论。     

Relationship between symptom-onset-to-balloon time and long-term mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with drug-eluting stents

Background

Time from hospital arrival to reperfusion in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been predictive of in-hospital mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between symptom-onset-to-balloon time and long-term mortality in patients with STEMI in the drug-eluting stent (DES) era.

Methods

A series of 393 patients with STEMI treated with DES from 2005 to 2007 was stratified according to risk profile and preprocedural Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade, and clinical, angiographic, and follow-up data were collected.

Results

A total of 98 (24.9%) low-risk patients and 295 (75.1%) non-low-risk patients were identified. Three-year mortality rate was 3.1% for low-risk patients and 10.2% for non-low-risk patients (p = 0.034), respectively; however it did not differ according to symptom-onset-to-balloon time in either low-risk (p = 0.333) or non-low-risk patients (p = 0.881). Similarly, symptom-onset-to-balloon time and mortality were not related to preprocedural TIMI flow (p = 0.474 for TIMI 0–1; p = 0.428 for TIMI 2–3). In multivariate analysis, final TIMI flow 0–2, systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg at admission, age ≥70 years, anterior infarction, C-reactive protein level, and peak creatine kinase myocardial band isoenzyme level were identified as independent predictors of 3-year mortality while symptom-onset-to-balloon time and preprocedural TIMI flow were not.

Conclusions

In STEMI patients treated with DES, symptom-onset-to-balloon time does not affect long-term outcomes even in individuals at non-low risk and with poor preprocedural TIMI flow grade.     

Comparison of angiographic and other findings and mortality in non-ST-segment elevation versus ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients undergoing early invasive intervention

We sought to compare the angiographic findings and mortality in patients with non-ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI) versus ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing early invasive intervention. Of 11,872 patients enrolled in the Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry from November 2005 to January 2008, we studied patients with NSTEMI undergoing early invasive intervention (n = 1,486) and those with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 4,392). Multivessel coronary disease, baseline Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3, and the left circumflex artery as a culprit lesion occurred more frequently in patients with NSTEMI than in those with STEMI. Those with NSTEMI had a significantly lower mortality rate than those with STEMI during a median follow-up of about 12 months (3.8% vs 6.7%, p <0.001). In the patients with NSTEMI, the independent predictors of mortality included postprocedural TIMI flow grade 0 to 2 (hazard ratio [HR] 3.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01 to 9.29, p = 0.047) and multivessel coronary disease (HR 3.83, 95% CI 1.36 to 10.81, p = 0.010) but not baseline TIMI flow or infarct location. However, baseline TIMI flow grade 0 to 2 (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.36, p = 0.035), anterior infarction (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.23, p <0.001), multivessel coronary disease (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.91, p = 0.008), and postprocedural TIMI flow grade 0 to 2 (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.82, p <0.001) were all independent predictors of mortality in the patients with STEMI. In conclusion, the angiographic findings in patients from NSTEMI differ from those in patients with STEMI. Postprocedural TIMI flow and multivessel coronary disease were independent predictors of mortality in patients with NSTEMI undergoing early invasive intervention.     

血管性血友病因子和ADAMTS-13水平与急诊冠状动脉支架置入术后冠状动脉血流的关系

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者血浆血管性血友病因子(vWF)和其裂解酶ADAMTS-13水平与急诊冠状动脉支架置入术后冠状动脉心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流的关系.方法 根据支架释放后即刻造影显示的TIMI血流情况,将2007年9月至2009年12月期间在我院行急诊冠状动脉支架置入术的STEMI患者分为TIMI≤2级组(最终入选43例)和TIMI 3级组(最终入选43例),并选择同期冠状动脉造影正常的胸闷、胸痛患者作为阴性对照组(43例).采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别在入院即刻、冠状动脉介入术开始即刻以及介入术后1周检测患者外周血vWF和ADAMTS-13水平.结果 在不同时间TIMI≤2级组和TIMI 3级组血浆vWF水平均显著高于阴性对照组(均P＜0.05).TIMI≤2级组血浆vWF水平在不同时间均显著高于T1MI 3级组[分别为入院即刻(6721.83±1380.58)U/L比(4786.12±2362.01)U/L,P＜0.05;介入术开始即刻(5744.65±1240.71)U/L比(3011.33±2270.40)U/L,P＜0.05;介入术后1周(2001.48±931.70)U/L比(1365.17±724.12)U/L,P＜0.05].3组患者入院即刻和介入术开始即刻血浆ADAMTS-13水平差异无统计学意义.术后1周TIMI ≤2级组ADAMTS-13水平明显高于TIMI 3级组[(406.93±101.44)mg/L比(270.34±115.12)mg/L,P＜0.05].logistic回归分析表明,入院即刻vWF水平(OR:1.917,P＜0.01)和介入术开始即刻vWF水平(OR:2.016,P＜0.01)均是影响支架术后冠状动脉TIMI血流的危险因素.结论 STEMI患者急诊支架术后冠状动脉TIMI血流状况与患者术前血浆vWF水平有关,vWF与ADAMTS-13的失衡可能是急诊支架置入术后冠状动脉血流缓慢的原因之一.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between post-stenting coronary thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow and plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) and its cleaving protease(ADAMTS-13) levels in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) and stenting between September, 2007 and December, 2009 were enrolled. According to the post-stenting TIMI flow, patients were divided to TIMI≤2 group (n =43) and TIMI 3 group (n =43). Patients with chest pain or dyspnea and normal coronary angiographic results served as control group ( n = 43 ). The levels of vWF and ADAMTS-13 were measured by ELISA at three time points: immediatly after admission, beginning of PCI and 1 week after PCI. Results Levels of vWF in STEMI patients at all 3 time points were significantly higher than in control patients, and the level of vWF was significantly higher in TIMI ≤2 group than in TIMI 3 group [at admission: (6721.83 ± 1380.58) U/L vs. (4786. 12 ±2362.01) U/L, P ＜0.05; at the beginning of PCI: (5744.65 ±1240. 71) U/L vs. (3011.33 ±2270.40) U/L, P＜0. 05 and at 1 week after PCI: (2001.48 ± 931.70) U/L vs. ( 1365. 17 ± 724. 12 ) U/L, P ＜ 0. 05]. ADAMTS-13 levels were similar among groups at admission and at beginning of PCI, however, the level of ADAMTS-13 at 1 week after PCI was significantly higher in TIMI≤2 group than that in TIMI 3 group [(406. 93 ± 101.44 )mg/L vs. ( 270. 34 ± 115.12) mg/L, P ＜0. 001]. Logistic regression analysis showed that both vWF at admission(OR=1.917, P＜0.01) and vWF at the beginning of PCI (OR=2.016, P＜0. 01) were risk factors of TIMI≤2. Conclusion Increased vWF during peri-PCI periods was associated with post-stenting coronary TIMI ≤2 after primary PCI in STEMI patients, and the imbalance between vWF and ADAMTS-13 may thus play an important role in the development of slow flow post PCL     

Prophylactic use of manual thrombectomy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the effects of manual thrombectomy on myocardial reperfusion performed during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).BackgroundComplete reperfusion after primary PCI is compromised by the presence of intraluminal thrombus. Thus effective and safe extraction of thrombus in a timely fashion is important for successful reperfusion.MethodsThirty-two patients (age 51±12 years, males 78%) with STEMI and angiographic evidence of intraluminal thrombus underwent thrombectomy during an 18-month period. Thrombectomy was performed after the presence of thrombus was confirmed angiographically by the operator either before or after primary angioplasty. Thrombectomy was performed using the 6F Export Aspiration Catheter (Medtronic Corporation, Santa Rosa, CA, USA). Myocardial reperfusion using Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow and myocardial blush grade was assessed by two independent observers.ResultsThe infarct-related artery was left anterior descending (59%), right coronary artery (19%), saphenous venous graft (19%), or left circumflex artery (3%). The coronary lesion was Type B in 62% and Type C in 37% patients, with an average length of 18.2+4.6 mm and reference vessel diameter of 3.2±0.4 mm. The preprocedural TIMI flow was 0 in 62%, 1 in 12%, 2 in 22%, and 3 in 3% of patients. The postprocedural TIMI flow was 0 in 3%, 1 in 6%, 2 in 25%, and 3 in 56% of patients. The postprocedural myocardial blush grade was 0 in 6%, 1 in 9%, 2 in 35%, and 3 in 48% of patients. The in-hospital mortality was 0 and the 30-day mortality was 3%.ConclusionManual thrombectomy using an Export catheter is safe and effective in establishing myocardial reperfusion after STEMI.     

Preprocedural TIMI flow and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of preprocedural Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow on one-year mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary angioplasty. BACKGROUND: Although there is an excellent outcome conferred by primary angioplasty in patients with STEMI, the prognostic role of early recanalization in these patients has yet to be investigated. METHODS: Our population is composed of 1,791 patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty at our institution from 1994 to 2001. All angiographic, clinical, and follow-up data were prospectively collected. According to the TIMI risk score, patients were stratified in low- and high-risk groups. RESULTS: Preprocedural TIMI flow was related to postprocedural TIMI flow grade 3 (p = 0.002), myocardial blush grade 2 to 3 (p < 0.001), enzymatic infarct size (p < 0.001), predischarge ejection fraction (p < 0.001), and one-year mortality (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that preprocedural TIMI flow grade 3 was an independent predictor of one-year survival in high-risk patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that preprocedural TIMI flow grade 3 is an independent predictor of one-year survival in high-risk patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty. These data suggest that all efforts should be made to obtain early and optimal restoration of antegrade flow, particularly in high-risk patients and when transportation to tertiary centers, with a conceivable further time delay, is required.     

Symptom-onset-to-balloon time and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between symptom-onset-to-balloon time and one-year mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary angioplasty. BACKGROUND: Despite the prognostic implications demonstrated in patients with STEMI treated with thrombolysis, the impact of time-delay on prognosis in patients undergoing primary angioplasty has yet to be established. METHODS: Our study population consisted of 1,791 patients with STEMI treated by primary angioplasty from 1994 to 2001. All clinical, angiographic and follow-up data were collected. Subanalyses were conducted according to patient risk profile at presentation and preprocedural Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow. RESULTS: A total of 103 patients (5.8%) had died at one year. Symptom-onset-to-balloon time was significantly associated with the rate of postprocedural TIMI 3 flow (p = 0.012), myocardial blush grade (p = 0.033), and one-year mortality (p = 0.02). A stronger linear association between symptom-onset-to-balloon time and one-year mortality was observed in non-low-risk patients (p = 0.006) and those with preprocedural TIMI flow 0 to 1 (p = 0.013). No relationship was found between door-to-balloon time and mortality. At multivariate analysis, a symptom-onset-to-balloon time >4 h was identified as an independent predictor of one-year mortality (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that, in patients with STEMI treated by primary angioplasty, symptom-onset-to-balloon time, but not door-to-balloon time, is related to mortality, particularly in non-low-risk patients and in the absence of preprocedural anterograde flow. Furthermore, a symptom-onset-to-balloon time >4 h was identified as independent predictor of one-year mortality.     

急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗成功后住院期间心力衰竭的预测因素

目的：本研究旨在明确ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）患者成功行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后住院期间发生心力衰竭（HF）的预测因素。方法回顾性分析接受直接PCI成功治疗的初发STEMI患者的临床和冠状动脉造影资料,根据住院期间是否发生HF将患者分为HF组和无HF组。确定住院期间HF的发生率、预测因素及其对预后的影响。结果共入选患者834例,男662例（79.4%）,年龄（62.9±12.9）岁。其中,HF组94例（11.3%）,无HF组740例（88.7%）。HF组的30 d全因死亡率显著高于无HF组（24.5%比1.5%,P＜0.001）。Cox回归分析显示,犯罪血管为前降支（HR 2.173,95% CI 1.12～4.212,P=0.022）、ln 24 h N末端B型利钠肽原（NT-proBNP）（HR 1.904,95% CI 1.479～2.452,P＜0.001）、24 h超敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）≥11.0 mg/L（中位数）（HR 2.901,95% CI 1.309～6.430,P=0.009）和基线血糖（HR 1.022,95% CI 1.000～1.044,P=0.046）是住院期间发生HF的独立预测因素。受试者工作曲线显示,以24 h NT-proBNP≥1171 pg/ml为阈值诊断住院期间HF的敏感性和特异性分别为92.5%和76.8%（c=0.883, P＜0.001）,以24 h hsCRP≥13.5 mg/L为阈值诊断住院期间HF的敏感性和特异性分别为86.0%和77.0%（c=0.829,P＜0.001）。在犯罪血管为前降支的患者中,24 h NT-proBNP＜1171 pg/ml且24 h hsCRP＜13.5 mg/L的患者住院期间HF的发生率为0.4%,而24 h NT-proBNP≥1171 pg/ml且24 h hsCRP≥13.5 mg/L的患者住院期间HF的发生率为60.9%,两者差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论 STEMI患者即使接受直接PCI成功治疗,其住院期间HF的发生率仍然较高,发生HF者预后差。犯罪血管为前降支、hsCRP、NT-proBNP和基线血糖是住院期间发生HF的独立预测因素。检测并联合应用不同的血清生物标记物是预测STEMI患者直接PCI术后住院期间发生HF的有效方法。