评价肿瘤血管生成的影像学方法

肿瘤血管生成在肿瘤的存活、发展和转移过程中起着重要作用，是目前肿瘤研究的一个热门课题。已有多种影像学方法可对其进行观察，从而能够更深入地了解肿瘤的某些生物学特性，为判断预后、评价抗血管生成治疗的疗效提供依据。这些影像学方法各有其不同的成像技术，也各有优缺点。就现有方法(CT、MRI、US、PET)和一些新的成像方法进行综述。     

评价肿瘤血管生成的影像学方法

肿瘤血管生成在肿瘤的存活、发展和转移过程中起着重要作用,是目前肿瘤研究的一个热门课题.已有多种影像学方法可对其进行观察,从而能够更深入地了解肿瘤的某些生物学特性,为判断预后、评价抗血管生成治疗的疗效提供依据.这些影像学方法各有其不同的成像技术,也各有优缺点.就现有方法(CT、MR1、US、PET)和一些新的成像方法进行综述.     

肿瘤血管生成的分子影像学临床应用及研究进展

近年来,人们在基因、分子及细胞层面对抑制肿瘤血管生成的研究取得了长足的进步,并在药物干预和基因治疗方面做了大量有益的尝试,有些动物试验更是取得了相当乐观的结果,与此同时,它的影像学评价方法也日臻完善,作用日益突出.在此,本文将介绍各种成像方法的应用现状,展望各种成像方法在评价抗肿瘤血管生成方面的潜在临床意义.     

肿瘤血管生成与抗血管治疗研究进展

化疗、放疗及生物治疗等传统治疗都是针对肿瘤细胞本身。然而,实体瘤不同于血液系统肿瘤,必须通过血管从宿主获取营养。实体瘤由实质和间质组成,后者包括支持组织和血管,显然,针对间质的治疗措施也有间接的抗肿瘤效果。本文结合文献,概述肿瘤血管的特点及抗血管治疗...     

肿瘤血管生成的影像学研究及进展

肿瘤血管生成是肿瘤生长与转移的先决条件,但传统的定量分析肿瘤血管生成的"金标准"--MVD计数,因其有创性、对准确取材的依赖性、离体性、非功能性评价等缺点而未能成为理想的检查手段.随着现代影像学技术的发展,无创、快捷、活体评价肿瘤血管生成与抗血管生成疗效,以及显示肿瘤全貌已成为可能.综述各种影像学技术在评价肿瘤血管生成方面的研究现状与新进展.     

肿瘤血管生成的影像学研究及进展

肿瘤血管生成是肿瘤生长与转移的先决条件,但传统的定量分析肿瘤血管生成的"金标准"——MVD计数,因其有创性、对准确取材的依赖性、离体性、非功能性评价等缺点而未能成为理想的检查手段。随着现代影像学技术的发展,无创、快捷、活体评价肿瘤血管生成与抗血管生成疗效,以及显示肿瘤全貌已成为可能。综述各种影像学技术在评价肿瘤血管生成方面的研究现状与新进展。     

肿瘤血管生成拟态研究进展及其与影像学的关系

1999年，Maniotis等首次提出了血管生成拟态（vasculogenic mimicry，VM）的概念，认为视网膜黑色素瘤内部可形成无内皮细胞参与的营养性管道，目前这种营养性管道对于肿瘤的价值也越来越被众多的研究所证实。     

MRI评价肿瘤血管生成的研究进展

肿瘤的发生、发展及转移明显依赖于肿瘤血管生成 ,对肿瘤新生血管定位越来越重要 ,以便将新生血管同正常存在的血管区别开 ,指导临床对肿瘤的治疗和监测。ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ、ＵＳ(ｕｌｔｒａｓｏｕｎｄ)都是可用于监测肿瘤血管生成的影像方法 ,但ＭＲＩ成像方式多 ,更重要的是ＭＲＩ对血管床 (水和红细胞 )和对比剂敏感[1,2 ] ,更能反映血管的结构、生理及功能的改变 ,因而实验研究及临床主张应用ＭＲＩ对肿瘤血管生成状况进行定性。本文就ＭＲＩ评价肿瘤血管生成的原理、方法及临床应用作一综述。ＭＲＩ评价肿瘤血管生成的原理肿瘤血管是肿瘤生…     

肿瘤血管生成及影像学在其中的应用

肿瘤血管生成在肿瘤生长、转移及预后等方面起着关键的作用。肿瘤血管生成及抗肿瘤血管生成的研究是当前肿瘤防治研究中的热点。影像学的发展,为判断肿瘤血管生成提供了一种安全、有效的方法,必将在肿瘤的诊断,治疗效果的判断及预后等方面发挥重要的作用。本文阐述了血管生成在肿瘤生长、转移及预后中的意义,肿瘤血管的特点,抗肿瘤血管生成治疗的主要机制及其优势。介绍了影像学在肿瘤血管生成研究领域中的应用进展及前景。     

软骨血管生成抑制剂抑制血管生成的实验研究

软骨血管生成抑制剂抑制血管生成的实验研究２００４３３上海海烟煤医院研究所沈先荣，贾福星，于志洁，徐惠，陈杞中图法分类号Ｒ７３．３６软骨含有多种抗肿瘤有效成分，主要可分为两大类：血管生成抑制因子和肿瘤细胞抑制因子。软骨血管生成抑制因子在国外已有一些研究...     

Imaging of angiogenesis in cardiology

In the past decade, there have been major improvements in our understanding of angiogenesis at the genetic, molecular and cellular levels. Concentrated efforts in this area have led to new therapeutic approaches to ischaemic heart disease using angiogenic factors, gene therapy and progenitor cells. Despite very promising experimental results in animal studies, large clinical trials have failed to confirm the results in patients with coronary artery disease. Important questions such as selection of growth factors and donor cells, as well as the timing, dose and route of administration, have been raised and need to be answered. Molecular imaging approaches which may provide specific markers of the angiogenic process (e.g. integrin expression in endothelial cells) have been introduced and are expected to address some of these questions. Although few clinical imaging results are currently available, animal studies suggest the potential role of molecular imaging for characterisation of the angiogenetic process in vivo and for the monitoring of therapeutic effects.     

Imaging hypoxia and angiogenesis in tumors

There is a clear need in cancer treatment for a noninvasive imaging assay that evaluates the oxygenation status and heterogeneity of hypoxia and angiogenesis in individual patients. Such an assay could be used to select alternative treatments and to monitor the effects of treatment. Of the several methods available, each imaging procedure has at least one disadvantage. The limited quantitative potential of single-photon emission CT and MR imaging always limits tracer imaging based on these detection systems. PET imaging with FMISO and Cu-ATSM is ready for coordinated multicenter trials, however, that should move aggressively forward to resolve the debate over the importance of hypoxia in limiting response to cancer therapy. Advances in radiation treatment planning, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, provide the ability to customize radiation delivery based on physical conformity. With incorporation of regional biologic information, such as hypoxia and proliferating vascular density in treatment planning, imaging can create a biologic profile of the tumor to direct radiation therapy. Presence of widespread hypoxia in the tumor benefits from a systemic hypoxic cell cytotoxin. Angiogenesis is also an important therapeutic target. Imaging hypoxia and angiogenesis complements the efforts in development of antiangiogenesis and hypoxia-targeted drugs. The complementary use of hypoxia and angiogenesis imaging methods should provide the impetus for development and clinical evaluation of novel drugs targeted at angiogenesis and hypoxia. Hypoxia imaging brings in information different from that of FDG-PET but it will play an important niche role in oncologic imaging in the near future. FMISO, radioiodinated azamycin arabinosides, and Cu-ATSM are all being evaluated in patients. The Cu-ATSM images show the best contrast early after injection but these images are confounded by blood flow and their mechanism of localization is one step removed from the intracellular O2 concentration. FMISO has been criticized as inadequate because of its clearance characteristics, but its uptake after 2 hours is probably the most purely reflective of regional PO2 at the time the radiopharmaceutical is used. The FMISO images show less contrast than those of Cu-ATSM because of the lipophilicity and slower clearance of FMISO but attempts to increase the rate of clearance led to tracers whose distribution is contaminated by blood flow effects. For single-photon emission CT the only option is radioiodinated azamycin arabinosides, because the technetium agents are not yet ready for clinical evaluation. Rather than develop new and improved hypoxia agents, or even quibbling about the pros and cons of alternative agents, the nuclear medicine community needs to convince the oncology community that imaging hypoxia is an important procedure that can lead to improved treatment outcome.     

慢性肝病相关肌少症的影像学进展

肌少症是一组以骨骼肌质量减少、功能减退为主要特征的临床综合征,也是慢性肝病的并发症之一。影像学检查不仅能够反映肌肉结构和成分的变化,还可以定量评估肌肉的横截面积、体积以及肌肉内脂肪含量,是评估肌少症肌肉质量的重要工具。就双能X线吸收测定（DXA）、超声、CT、外周定量CT（pQCT）及MRI在慢性肝病肌少症中的临床应用及研究进展予以综述。     

Imaging gastric pennies in children

Pennies are among the most common foreign objects ingested by children. This occurrence has traditionally been managed conservatively. However, more recent studies indicate that the higher zinc composition of pennies produced after 1982 may be more dangerous than previously believed. We reported earlier the in situ reaction of such pennies following immersion in hydrochloric acid at gastric pH. The present study examines the utility of radiographic examination of such pennies.     

宫颈癌功能磁共振成像研究进展

宫颈癌是女性生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,早期诊断和治疗是防治的关键。MR成像尤其是功能MR成像技术在宫颈癌的早期诊断、生物学评价、疗效和预后评估等方面具有明显的优势。综述宫颈癌的功能MRI研究进展,重点分析各种功能成像技术的临床应用价值及其不足,以期为临床工作中根据具体情况和技术条件选择和组合多种功能MRI技术提供有益提示,从而提高宫颈癌的诊断准确率。     

胃间质瘤的影像学诊断

胃间质瘤(gastric stromal tumor,GST)是一种较少见的独立起源于胃肠道原始间叶组织的非定向分化的肿瘤,属于消化道间叶性肿瘤[1]。本文报告经手术、病理和免疫组织化学检测9例GST的影像学表现,并探讨其影像学检查的诊断价值。1材料与方法1.1一般资料本组男5例,女4例,年龄43~70岁,平均52岁。临床表现上腹部不适、胀痛、乏力和纳差9例,恶心呕吐5例,黑便3例,消瘦、便秘2例,胃手术史1例。病程1~6个月。查体腹部触及包块6例。1.2方法9例行B超检查,8例行上消化道造影检查,6例行螺旋CT平扫和增强扫描,2例行MRI平扫和增强扫描。手术9例均行光…     

胃癌动态增强MRI表现与肿瘤血管形成关系的研究

目的　探讨胃癌动态增强MRI强化表现与肿瘤血管形成的关系。方法　对 30例胃癌组织切片进行CD34和血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)免疫组织化学染色。分析癌组织微血管密度 (MVD)和癌细胞VEGF的表达情况及其与临床病理特征的关系。并将动态增强MRI强化表现和扫描所获参数 (最大强化率 ,CERmax)与MVD、VEGF进行相关性研究。结果　 30例胃癌组织的MVD平均值为(4 2 95± 14 79)个 /视野 ,范围为 13 0 0～ 6 8 2 5个 /视野。VEGF低表达 30 % (9/ 30 ) ,高表达 70 % (2 1/30 )。MVD和VEGF表达与有无淋巴结转移密切相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,与组织分化程度、有无浆膜层受侵无关 (P >0 0 5 )。MVD与胃癌TNM各分期密切相关 (P <0 0 5 )。TNM分期中Ⅰ期与Ⅳ期间VEGF表达差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。VEGF高表达者MVD值 [(4 7 30± 14 16 )个 /视野 ]与VEGF低表达者MVD值 [(32 81± 11 2 5 )个 /视野 ]间差异有显著意义 (t=- 2 716 ,P =0 0 11)。CERmax与MVD呈正相关 (r=0 5 5 6 ,P =0 0 0 14 )。微血管的分布及形态与胃癌动态增强表现的不规则强化及分层强化类型存在一致性。CERmax与VEGF蛋白表达无明显相关性 (t=- 0 84 7,P =0 4 0 4 )。结论　胃癌动态增强MRI表现反映了胃癌微血管的分布和形态。动态增强MRI可