护理干预对癌症患者疾病不确定感及社会支持的影响

目的探讨护理干预对改善癌症患者疾病不确定感和社会支持状况的效果。方法86例癌症患者随机分为实验组、对照组,各43例。实验组在常规护理干预的基础上给予与疾病相关的集体化和个体化的护理干预,对照组仅接受常规护理干预。采用疾病不确定感量表(MUIS)和社会支持量表对2组患者在干预前、后分别进行评分,并对评分结果进行统计分析。结果护理干预前实验组和对照组在疾病不确定感和社会支持评分结果方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理干预后实验组的疾病不确定感明显低于对照组(P<0.001),实验组的社会支持明显高于对照组(P<0.05);干预前疾病不确定感与社会支持之间存在负相关(P<0.05)。结论护理干预可降低癌症患者疾病不确定感并提高其社会支持程度。     

The effectiveness of a pram-walking exercise programme in reducing depressive symptomatology for postnatal women

The purpose of the research project was to examine the effects of exercise, social support and depression on postnatal women who reported experiencing postnatal depression. A 12-week randomized, controlled trial was conducted investigating the effects of an exercise intervention group (a pram-walking programme for mothers and their babies ) compared to a social support group (non-structured sessions, similar to a playgroup). Participants in both groups had given birth in the past 12 months. Pretest data of physical fitness and structured questionnaires were compared to post-test effects. The primary outcomes were to reduce the depressive symptomatology and improve fitness levels of participants in the pram-walking group. Secondary outcomes were to improve the social support levels of the participants in both groups and explore women's views about the programmes. It was hypothesized that the pram-walking group participants would improve their feelings of depression and fitness levels compared to the social support group, but that both groups would improve their perceived levels of social support. The results showed that mothers in the pram-walking intervention group improved their fitness levels and reduced their level of depressive symptomatology significantly more than the social support group. There were no significant changes to social support levels for both groups. Therefore, a direct association between improvement in fitness was related to improvement in depression for the pram-walking group. However, it is also suggested that other factors in combination with improvements in fitness influenced improvements in depression levels. It is recommended that pram-walking programmes for mothers with postnatal depression be implemented as pilot research into existing available services.     

社会家庭支持对耐多药肺结核患者治疗依从性的影响

目的:分析社会家庭支持对耐多药肺结核患者治疗依从性的影响。方法:将2011年1月~2012年8月在我院治疗80例耐多药肺结核患者,随机等分为观察组和对照组,对照组常规给予医务人员支持,观察组在对照组基础上进行社会家庭支持干预,抗结核治疗1年后对两组患者治疗依从性效果比较。结果:观察组通过社会家庭支持后,患者对治疗依从性效果明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:社会家庭支持有利于耐多药患者的心理康复和行为改善,提高患者治疗的依从性和疗效,而且能有效地控制耐多药肺结核病的传播与流行。     

Factors influencing migraineur-consulting behavior in a university population

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that contribute to treatment-seeking behavior in migraineurs in a large employer population. Specifically, the impact of psychographic variables, such as social support, attitudes toward medication, locus of control, and migraine-associated disability, are considered concomitantly with demographic and disease severity variables. BACKGROUND: Migraine remains an underconsulted condition. Previous explorations of demographic factors and headache characteristics have not adequately predicted migraineur physician-consulting behavior. METHODS: University employees and students experiencing headaches were interviewed by pharmacists to determine whether they suffer from migraine using the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for migraine. Identified migraineurs were categorized into 3 groups: (1) never-consulter, (2) lapsed-consulter, and (3) current-consulter. Each group was asked to complete an instrument that assesses perceived social support (Headache Social Support Questionnaire), medication attitudes (Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire), locus of control (Headache-Specific Locus of Control Scale), and migraine-associated disability (Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire). Univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (logistic regression) approaches were used to identify factors associated with migraineur-consulting behavior. RESULTS: A total of 100 subjects participated in the study. Eighty-two participants met IHS criteria for migraine, of whom 22 were never-consulters, 20 were lapsed-consulters, and 40 were current-consulters. The consulter groups differed on scores acquired from the Social Support Active Involvement subscale (P= .04) and the Healthcare Professional Locus of Control subscale (P= .010). The logistic regression procedures confirmed the contributions of social support and healthcare locus of control in predicting migraineur-consulting behavior. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that attitudes concerning the role of healthcare professionals and the presence of a supportive social network have greater influence on migraineur-consulting behavior than do patient demographic characteristics, beliefs about medications, and migraine frequency and severity. With an understanding of the link between psychosocial variables and consulting behavior, healthcare professionals may be able to positively impact migraineur physician consultation rates, drug therapy, and quality of life.     

Support Groups: Why Do People Attend?

Support groups have become a part of the lives of many people who suffer from illness and injury. Physicians and other healthcare professionals often recommend them to patients and families dealing with medical conditions, and many support groups are diagnosis specific. The members of five support groups were surveyed to determine the factors that influenced their decision to participate. They reported they attended the groups to meet others with the same diagnosis and to gain more information about the diagnosis. The activities they were most likely to attend were those that gave information on the diagnosis, treatment options, and coping strategies. The social aspects of the support groups were more important to those who were married and attended with their spouse. The population of this sample was found to be in close contact with family members. They appeared to view their participation in the group as empowering.     

Fostering partnerships between peers and professionals.

One of the 5 principles of primary health care is public participation. Partnership between professionals and their clients is compatible with this principle. This article describes how professionals and peers can work together in support group interventions. Examples are cited from 3 intervention studies focused on myocardial infarction survivors and their spouses, parents of children with chronic conditions, and older women with disabilities. Each of the support groups entailed co-leadership by and partnerships between peers and professionals. The article describes the characteristics, roles, and training of peers and professionals; data collection involving peers, professionals, and participants; and pertinent intervention processes. Peers and professionals collaborated as co-leaders and partners in 21 support groups in the 3 studies. Participants expressed satisfaction with the leadership of the support groups. Moreover, professional facilitators and peer facilitators each acknowledged the important role and perspective of the other.     

HIV Knowledge and Practices Among Rural South Africans

PURPOSE: To explore the knowledge and practices related to HIV/AIDS by rural South Africans in Limpopo Province. DESIGN AND METHODS: Qualitative research methods were used. Twenty-eight key and general informants participated in individual interviews in summer 2001. The setting was a hospital-based HIV clinic in rural Limpopo Province. FINDINGS: All participants were members of a support group, and they had basic knowledge about HIV/AIDS; however, participants indicated that they lacked basic knowledge of HIV/AIDS until they joined the support group. CONCLUSIONS: Support groups were effective in educating people about HIV/AIDS.     

Psychosocial group rehabilitation for lonely older people: favourable processes and mediating factors of the intervention leading to alleviated loneliness

savikko n., routasalo p., tilvis r. & pitkälä k. (2009) Psychosocial group rehabilitation for lonely older people: favourable processes and mediating factors of the intervention leading to alleviated loneliness. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5 , 16–24
doi: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2009.00191.x Background. Loneliness among community-dwelling older people is a common problem, with serious health consequences. Objectives. The favourable processes and mediating factors of a psychosocial group rehabilitation intervention in alleviating older people’s loneliness were evaluated. Design. Altogether, 117 lonely, home-dwelling individuals (aged ≥ 75 years) participated in a psychosocial group rehabilitation intervention. The content comprised (i) art and inspiring activities, (ii) group exercise and discussions or (iii) therapeutic writing and group therapy. Methods. The psychosocial group rehabilitation intervention was evaluated from the group leaders’ diaries and by observing the groups. Experiences of loneliness and social participation were collected by postintervention questionnaires from the participants. Data were analysed using methodological triangulation. Results. Doing things together and sharing experiences with their peers inspired lively discussions, created a feeling of togetherness and led to participants’ empowerment and increased self-esteem. The intervention socially activated the participants, and their feelings of loneliness had been alleviated during the intervention. Conclusion. Several common favourable processes and mediating factors were identified in the psychosocial group rehabilitation intervention that led to alleviation of loneliness among older people. Relevance to clinical practice. The psychosocial group rehabilitation intervention gives nurses an effective tool to support older people’s psychosocial resources by activating them and alleviating their loneliness.     

自费癌症病人社会支持现状及应对方式研究

[目的]探索提高自费癌症病人社会支持的方式,提高癌症病人的生存质量。[方法]采用随机法将自费癌症病人分成两组,对照组病人入院时,医生向病人亲友详细介绍病人的病情、治疗方法和治疗效果,研究者静观其亲友的态度和行为,确定病人的社会支持程度及原因;研究组则在病人入院时,对病人社会支持现状进行分析,并采用法律知识宣传、癌症知识宣教、协助病人申请社会救济、临床科研用药等方式进行干预后观其亲友的态度和行为,确定病人的社会支持程度及原因,并进行统计学分析。[结果]研究组社会支持程度显著高于对照组(P <0 .0 0 5 )。[结论]充分了解癌症个体的社会支持现状,采取与之相对应的干预措施,是提高其社会支持程度的关键。     

医院-家庭联合督导延续性护理模式对耐药结核病患者家庭负担及社会支持的影响

目的 探讨医院-家庭联合督导延续性护理模式对耐药结核病患者家庭负担及社会支持的影响.方法 选择2021年1—6月某传染病专科医院的住院耐药结核病患者60例,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则分为对照组和观察组,每组30例.对照组给予常规护理,观察组给予医院-家庭联合督导延续性护理模式护理.干预3个月后,比较两组患者家庭负...     

心脏瓣膜置换术患者负性心理与社会支持的相关分析及护理

目的探讨心脏瓣膜置换术围手术期患者负性心理与社会支持之间的相关性,寻求相应的护理对策。方法应用心理、社会支持等护理对策,采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁白评量表（SDS）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）评定疗效。结果心脏瓣膜置换术组的焦虑、抑郁评分均高于对照组（P〈0．05）;其社会支持评分均低于对照组（P〈0．05）;焦虑、抑郁评分与社会支持评分呈负相关（P〈0．05）。经护理干预后,焦虑、抑郁及社会支持评分较干预前改善（P〈0．05）。结论心脏瓣膜置换术围手术期患者存在较为明显的负性心理,社会支持水平较低。负性心理和社会支持密切相关。给予护理疏导,可提高患者的护理效果。     

基于应激系统理论的护理干预对脑卒中患者创伤后成长、社会支持的影响

目的探讨以应激系统理论为基础的护理干预对脑卒中患者创伤后成长(PTG)、社会支持的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选择2018年1—8月在唐山市人民医院神经内科住院的脑卒中患者120例为研究对象。将120例脑卒中患者按随机数字表法分成干预组和对照组,每组各60例,对照组给予常规护理,干预组在此基础上给予应激系统干预。采用创伤后成长评定量表(PTGI)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)比较两组患者的PTG、社会支持水平。结果干预2个月后,干预组患者PTGI总分(69.67±9.10)分,对照组(48.62±7.94)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,干预组患者社会支持得分(59.15±13.47)分,高于对照组的(50.87±20.09)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应激系统干预能够提高脑卒中患者的PTG、社会支持水平。     

Family and community support to adolescent mothers in Swaziland

BACKGROUND: Early pregnancy and unplanned childbirth have far-reaching physical, psychological and social consequences to the adolescent girl and her offspring and is therefore a public health problem for concern. At Mbabane Government Hospital 25% of the deliveries are by women aged 10-19 years. Little has been documented about family and community support for adolescent mothers in Swaziland. AIM: The aim of this study was to generate more systematic data on support to adolescent mothers and their newborns during the early postpartum period by families, communities and health professionals. METHODS: Thirty-one adolescent mothers were recruited from Mbabane Obstetric Unit after childbirth and were visited in their homes 7 days after delivery and interviewed about the family, community and health professional support experienced for themselves and their newborns. A semi-structured interview guide was used to obtain both quantitative and qualitative data. FINDINGS: Support from families, community and health professionals were generally poor, and pregnancies among adolescents were unplanned. There was poor or no communication, and information from parents and the community on sexuality and reproductive health had been grossly lacking. Peers were the primary source of information about sexuality and reproduction. Communities did not offer services aimed at providing adolescents with information and skills regarding safe sexual behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents need contraceptive counselling and services in order to prevent pregnancies at a young age. Communication among parents and their daughters needs to be encouraged in order to monitor postpartum care and also to ensure continuity of maternity care.     

Breast cancer: evaluation of the Common Journey Breast Cancer Support Group

Background. Most studies of cancer support groups have focused on the effects of groups established for research purposes, from the exclusive perspective of the group participants. Aim. This Roy Adaptation Model‐based programme evaluation project focused on identifying the experiences of both participants in and facilitators of a community hospital‐sponsored breast cancer support group. Design. Repeated measures survey methodology. Methods. Ten women with breast cancer and two Registered Nurse group facilitators participated in the programme evaluation project. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. Themes extracted from the data were categorized according to the Roy Adaptation Model modes of adaptation. The group participants completed Initial and End of Year Interview Guides and Group Voices Forms; the group facilitators completed the Facilitators’ Voices Form. The Institutional Review Committee of a community hospital approved the programme evaluation project. Results. The Common Journey Breast Cancer Support Group is a community hospital‐sponsored cancer support group established to meet the informational, emotional support, and social support needs of women with breast cancer who reside in a rural state in the New England region of the USA. Responses of participants and facilitators, which reflected all four of the Roy model modes of adaptation, indicated that the combination of information and emotional and social support was effective. Conclusions. Nurses and other health professionals who establish community‐based cancer support groups should consider formal evaluation of the outcomes, from the perspectives of both participants and facilitators, and should publish the results. The results of this programme evaluation project are limited to one breast cancer support group with a small number of female participants and two facilitators. Results cannot be generalized to support groups for other types of cancer or to cancer support groups for men. Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses and other health professionals should consider establishing and facilitating community hospital‐sponsored support groups for women with breast cancer, which have the potential to meet the women's informational, emotional support, and social support needs.     

阅读疗法对康复期抑郁症患者应对方式及社会支持影响对照研究

目的探讨阅读疗法对康复期抑郁症患者应对方式及社会支持的影响。方法将137例抑郁症患者随机分为干预组69例和对照组68例。两组均给予抗抑郁药物治疗和一般康复治疗,干预组在此基础上联合阅读疗法,疗程30d。干预前后采用汉密顿抑郁量表（24项）、应对方式问卷、社会支持评定量表对两组患者进行评定分析。结果汉密顿抑郁量表总分干预后两组均较干预前有显著下降（P〈0.05）;应对方式问卷评分干预后干预组解决问题、求助因子分较对照组升高显著,自责因子分较对照组下降显著（t解=5.465,6.527,-2.757,P〈0.01）;社会支持评定量表评分干预后两组各项因子分均较干预前升高,干预组较对照组升高显著,其中对支持利用度因子分差异有极显著性（t=5.965,P〈0.01）。结论阅读疗法对抑郁症患者的药物治疗有较好的辅助作用,能显著改善康复期抑郁症患者的应对方式和社会支持状况。     

Telephone support group intervention for persons with hemophilia and HIV/AIDS and family caregivers

The purpose of this pilot project was to test the feasibility of a telephone support group intervention for persons with hemophilia and HIV/AIDS and for their family caregivers. Their support needs were unique because they did not identify with predominant groups of persons with AIDS and were geographically dispersed from peers. The 12 week intervention involved separate telephone support groups for hemophiliacs and for family caregivers. The two groups, comprised of a predetermined maximum of six people, were co-led by a professional and a peer. The support group for family caregivers involved six people and the group for men with hemophilia included five people, including one peer facilitator and one professional facilitator in each group. The telephone support group discussions were taped, transcribed, and analyzed for prevalent themes. The peer and professional facilitators maintained weekly field notes. All participants reported that the telephone groups had a positive impact on meeting their support needs. They believed that they had benefitted from sharing information and that the support groups had decreased their feelings of isolation and loneliness. Participants, however, contended that the intervention should be longer than 12 weeks.     

同伴互助情感支持对初次连续性肾脏替代治疗患者的影响

目的:探讨同伴互助情感支持对初次连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)患者的影响.方法:将2018年1月1日～2020年1月1日收治的120例初次CRRT患者按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各60例,对照组实施常规护理干预,研究组实施同伴互助情感支持方案;在干预前后采用社会支持评定量表和一般自我效能量表评价两组社会支持和自我...     

Participation in peer support groups after a cardiac event: a 12-month follow-up.

All cardiac patients in Sweden are given the opportunity to participate in group activities that are arranged by the Swedish National Association for Heart and Lung Patients through a program called The Heart School. In this study, we compared persons who participated in the Heart School activities (n = 59, intervention group) with persons who declined to participate (n = 125, comparison group) with regard to their: self-rated health, life situation, social support, clinical data, rehospitalization, and mortality. Participants completed a questionnaire at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months after discharge from a hospital. They also visited a healthcare center for physical examinations. The intervention group reported more physical symptoms and a higher degree of social support. No other differences were found between the groups. Differences within groups were that the intervention group had increased their physical activities and had eventually stopped smoking. This study adds to the knowledge about the use of peer support groups as a support strategy and supports their use in long-term rehabilitation after a cardiac event.