太原市煤矿工人艾滋病知识、态度、行为调查

目的了解太原市煤矿工人防治知识、态度、行为现状及影响因素。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法对太原市茁山煤电集团公司355名煤矿工人进行问卷凋查，通过单因素分析、多元logistic．回归分析其影响因素。结果煤矿工人艾滋病基本知识总知晓率为46．3％。在355名调查者中，不反对婚前、婚外性行为及吸毒行为分别占38．9％、16．4％、9．9％。19．7％的调查对象承认有过非婚性行为。艾滋病知识知晓情况主要受文化程度及收入的影响，安全套使用情况主要受收入的影响。结论煤矿工人对艾滋病了解程度不深，还需加强对该部分人群的宣传教育和行为干预。     

上海市某企业一线工人艾滋病/性病知识态度行为调查

[目的]了解某企业一线工人艾滋病/性病知识、态度及行为,为开展有针对性的健康教育提供基线资料。[方法]2004年,对上海市徐汇区某企业从事铝制品加工的一线职工进行调查。[结果]调查324人份,艾滋病/性病知识得分为(18.62±5.45)分,其中<60分的占40.12%;93.21%知道艾滋病/性病是传染性疾病,96.29%知道艾滋病/性病可以通过性传播,对于其他传播途径的知晓率较低;知道艾滋病/性病主要症状的不足57.0%;54.63%对性病患者表示同情和关心;33.64%认为不应隔离艾滋病病人,43.21%使用过安全套;未婚者中23.48%有婚前性行为,已婚者中13.53%有婚外性行为;流动人口中有2个以上性伴者占14.92%。[结论]一线工人的艾滋病/性病知识缺乏,存在传播的危险行为。     

艾滋病行为干预模式在性病门诊中的应用研究

目的评估在性病门诊推广艾滋病性病干预模式在提高性病患者相关知识及安全套使用率方面的作用。方法由经过培训的接诊医生对所有入选的性病患者常规治疗的同时进行相关艾滋病性病知识的宣传教育和行为干预。采用问卷调查的方法,了解其干预前后艾滋病性病知识的知晓情况及安全套的使用情况。结果2003例性病患者参与了本项研究调查,调查发现艾滋病性病知识的知晓情况在不同的文化程度、年龄上有明显差异。对其中1000例性病患者开展宣传教育和行为干预工作,其艾滋病性病知识的知晓率显著提高,安全套的使用率从37.80%提高到63.00%,且在婚外性行为中的使用率高达89.34%。结论在性病门诊推广艾滋病性病干预模式显著提高了性病患者艾滋病性病知识的知晓率及安全套的使用率,对预防艾滋病性病有着重要的意义。     

安乡县外出农民工艾滋病性病感染现况及相关因素研究

目的了解安乡县外出农民工人群艾滋病性病感染现况及相关因素,为制定当地艾滋病防治决策提供依据。方法利用外出农民返乡过年的时间,设计调查问卷对260名农民工进行调查,并采血检测艾滋病病毒(HIV)及性病感染情况。结果 260名农民工艾滋病防治知识知晓率为64.2%,艾滋病非歧视态度比例为35.8%,婚外性行为发生率为35.8%(93/260),婚外性行为每次均使用安全套比率为64.5%(60/93),艾滋病没有检出,性病发病率为45.2%(42/93)。性病患病与性别、文化程度、艾滋病防治知识、态度及安全套使用等有关。结论安乡县外出农民工是HIV感染的潜在高危人群,应加强健康教育,提高其艾滋病防治知识和自我保护意识,预防控制艾滋病。     

2009年晋城市部分大中专学生艾滋病知识、态度和行为调查

[目的]了解晋城市在校大中专学生艾滋病知识、态度、行为现状,为制定相关健康教育措施提供科学依据。[方法]2009年9月对晋城市3所大中专院校的部分学生进行问卷调查。[结果]合计调查607人,艾滋病知识知晓率为65.73%,传播途径知识知晓率为73.18%,非传播途径知识知晓率为53.32%。15.16%的学生愿意与HIV感染者和艾滋病病人一起学习或工作,53.21%的学生愿意帮助艾滋病患者或他们的遗孤;获得艾滋病知识的途径,是电视的占87.64%,是报刊、书刊的占71.83%,是网络的占57.17%;希望获得艾滋病知识途径的是电视占70.35%,是报刊、书刊的占58.65%,是网络的占50.58%;分别有39.54%、16.80%的学生对婚前、婚外性行为持同意或无所谓的态度;16人有过性行为,其中使用安全套的占56.25%。[结论]大中专学生艾滋病基本知识知晓率较低。     

性病门诊就诊者艾滋病知识、态度及行为分析

目的 了解2001~2006年广西性病门诊就诊者艾滋病知识态度及行为的变化,为制订防治策略和措施提供依据。方法 对2001年和2006年(8~10月)前来17个卫九项目性病门诊就诊前50名就诊者进行问卷调查。结果 艾滋病传播途径的知晓率由2001年70.6%上升到2006年73.6%;非婚性行为安全套使用率由2001年60.5%上升到2006年61.2%;能正确对待性病/艾滋病的由2001年11.2%上升到2006年31.6%。结论 性病/艾滋病防治知识知晓率高,非婚性行为安全套使用率低,对艾滋病患者的歧视较严重,宣传工作应从相关知识宣传向行为干预转变。     

北京市后海地区酒吧从业人员艾滋病知识、态度与行为调查

目的调查北京后海地区从业人员艾滋病知识、态度和行为现状,为制定该人群的艾滋病防控策略提供依据。方法采用问卷调查的方法对1202名后海地区酒吧从业人员进行调查。结果调查对象对艾滋病知识有一定的了解,但知识掌握不全面,有些知识点知晓率较低。对传播途径的总知晓率（76.3%）高于非传播途径的总知晓率（61.8%）;调查对象对艾滋病病人虽然在态度上表示同情理解的居多,但多数人表示遇上艾滋病病人时会对他们避而远之,态度与知识知晓存在正相关;该人群高危行为发生率高,2.7%的人有过吸毒史。对51.8%有过性生活的人的调查发现,其中发生过婚前性行为的占75.1%,已婚的发生婚外性行为的比例为39.2%;对于安全套的使用,近半年中每次都用的占23.0%,经常使用的占20.5%,最近一次性生活使用的占47.8%。结论应根据调查现状中的薄弱点进行艾滋病的防治健康教育,减少高危行为,提高安全套的使用率,降低艾滋病的发病率。     

佛山市流动人口艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为的现状研究

目的了解佛山市流动人口艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为的现况及其影响因素,为进一步开展有效的流动人口艾滋病预防控制工作提供依据。方法采用分层抽样和方便抽样相结合的方法,在佛山市选择建筑工人、工厂工人、餐饮宾馆服务行业服务人员以及劳务市场寻工人员等4类流动人口,进行匿名问卷调查。调查内容包括流动人口一般特征,流动史,性病艾滋病相关知识、行为及态度,艾滋病防治需求及可能影响艾滋病知识知晓率的因素等。采用单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归方法分析其知晓率的影响因素。血清学检测HIV、梅毒和HCV抗体。结果 98.69%的流动人口听说过艾滋病,艾滋病知识总知晓率为65.61%,艾滋病防治知识最主要通过电视节目获得。流动人口近一年临时性行为发生率为40.84%,在近1年与固定性伴和临时性伴发生性关系时每次都使用安全套的比例分别为1.20%和31.78%。10.30%调查对象近1年曾出现性病相关症状,患病后84.19%能去正规医疗机构就诊;HIV抗体阳性率为0.12%。5.23%的非婚性行为者接受过自愿咨询检测服务。调查对象中多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度为小学以下的流动人口艾滋病相关知识知晓率较低。结论佛山市流动人口对艾滋病防治知识知晓率偏低,对艾滋病病毒感染者或病人有歧视态度比例较高,该人群中依然存在非婚性行为、安全套使用率低等感染HIV的高危行为。对流动人口开展针对性的健康教育及综合干预刻不容缓。     

山东省男男性工作者的一般状况及艾滋病防治相关知识、态度和行为调查

[目的]了解山东省男男性工作者(MB)的一般情况及艾滋病防治相关的知识、态度和行为特征,为制定相应的宣传教育和行为干预措施提供科学依据. [方法]依靠男性同性恋志愿者的帮助,在知情同意和保密原则下对男男性工作者进行一般状况及艾滋病防治相关知识、态度和行为特征的调查分析,并采集静脉血进行HIV和梅毒抗体检测. [结果]调查对象平均年龄为23.0岁,92.4%未婚,文化程度较高,主要为学生和从事商业服务或自由职业/待业者;艾滋病知识知晓率78.0%;不完全是男性同性恋,多半会与女性结婚,性伴多、安全套使用率低;HIV和梅毒的感染率分别为5.1%和10.2%.[结论]MB的艾滋病性病感染状况较为严重,且有向一般人群传播的风险.应根据该人群的特征,有针对性的开展有效的宣传教育和干预措施,增强自我保护意识,减少危险性行为,提高艾滋病知识知晓率和安全套使用率.     

294名男男性行为者艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为调查研究

目的 了解静安区部分男男性行为者（MSM）艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为状况,为制定艾滋病防治策略提供科学依据.方法2010--2011对自愿接受检测的MSM开展调查,了解其HIV/AIDS相关知识、态度和行为情况.结果接受调查的294例调查对象中,以非上海市户籍、青壮年、未婚及商业服务业者为主,艾滋病防治知识知晓率达81.0％;平均首次男性性行为年龄为（19.96±3.18）岁;发生肛交性行为时每次都用安全套的比例≤16％;最近半年与女性有性接触者占15.6％.结论MSM处于性活跃期,性伴多,部分存在商业性行为、异性性行为,安全套使用率低,存在着知识与行为分离等现象.因此,应进一步加强对艾滋病宣传和干预的覆盖面,加强推广安全套使用,提高MSM人群的自我保护意识.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.