头状骨带蒂移位与血管蒂骨瓣植入治疗月骨无菌坏死

目的 报道带骨间前动脉背侧支血管蒂的头状骨移位术与以桡动脉茎突返支为蒂的桡骨瓣植入术联合应用治疗月骨晚期缺血性坏死的结果。方法 对46例患者行坏死月骨摘除头状骨带蒂移位后以血管蒂骨瓣植入填塞头状骨空隙。结果 术后随访16～48个月，平均21．5个月，43例腕痛完全消失，3例明显缓解，握力平均达健侧的80％，腕关节活动范围达健侧的75％。结论 两种术式的联合应用对Ⅲ、Ⅳ期月骨缺血性坏死疗效显著。     

头状骨带蒂移位与血管蒂骨瓣植入治疗月骨无菌坏死

目的：报道带骨间前动脉背侧支血管蒂的头状骨移位术与以桡动脉茎突返支为蒂的桡骨瓣植入术联合应用治疗月骨晚期缺血性坏死的结果。方法：对４６例患者行坏死月骨摘除,头状骨带蒂移位后以血管蒂骨瓣植入填塞头状骨空隙。结果：术后随访１６～４８个月,平均２１．５个月,４５例腕痛完全消失,１例明显缓解,握力平均达健侧的８０％,腕关节活动范围达健侧的７５％。结论：２种术式的联合应用对Ⅲ、Ⅳ期月骨缺血性坏死疗效显著。     

软骨膜包裹骨水泥假体替代月骨治疗Kienbock病

１９８７年１月～１９８ｑ年１月，我院用自体软骨膜包裹骨水泥假体，行月骨置换术治疗月状骨缺血性坏死１２例。随访１０例，随访时间平均３年５月。根据周连析介绍的标准评定功能，其结果优３例，良６例，可１例，优良率为９０％。文章就月骨的制作方法，软骨膜及骨水泥的选择依据进行了讨论。     

表面置换术治疗中青年股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨采用表面置换术治疗中青年股骨头坏死的临床效果。方法对11例（14髋）Ficat分期为Ⅲ期或早Ⅳ期的股骨头坏死患者采用股骨头表面置换术，并对假体的形状进行了改进，其中男7例，女4例，年龄35～49岁。对13例（16髋）Ficat分期为Ⅲ期或早Ⅳ期股骨头坏死患者采用全髋表面置换术，其中男8例，女5例，年龄23～48岁。结果股骨头表面置换术患者术后随访1～5年，髋关节Harris评分从术前平均39分增至91分；X线片示假体无松动移位，近段股骨和髋臼无骨吸收和骨溶解，髋关节间隙除1例轻度狭窄外余均无磨损征象，无1例翻修。全髋表面置换术患者术后随访6个月～3年4个月，Harris评分从术前平均30分增至93分，有1例因技术原因术后半年假体松动而进行翻修，评为失败。结论表面置换术是治疗中青年股骨头缺血性坏死较为理想的一种方法。     

大直径股骨头假体全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨大直径股骨头假体全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的临床效果。方法 2007年6月至2009年6月,行大直径股骨头假体全髋关节置换术治疗36例股骨头缺血性坏死患者,男25例,女11例;年龄36岁～62岁,平均52.5岁。手术前后记录患者的Harris评分,术后进行X线检查及主观满意度调查,手术前后及随访时检测患者肾功能。结果全部获得随访,随访时间6～30个月,平均19个月。随访X线检查示假体位置良好。Harris评分由术前的30～58分,平均45.5分,改善为术后的72～94分,平均90.2分,优良率为97.2%,总体满意率为97.2%。手术前后肾功能无明显变化。结论大直径股骨头假体全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的短、中期疗效较好。     

微创人工全髋关节置换术在股骨头坏死的应用

目的：探讨微创全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的手术方法和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析本院自2008年1月至2012年12月行微创小切口全髋关节置换术治疗的60例股骨头缺血性坏死患者。记录术前、术后Harris评分、术中及术后出血量、手术时间和VAS评分评价临床效果,同时术后复查X线评估假体位置。结果60例患者均得到随访,时间18～50个月,平均26个月。术后切口均为I期愈合,无假体感染、脱位以及下肢深静脉血栓形成、神经损伤等并发症发生。术后1月及末次随访时髋关节Harris评分、VAS评分均显著优于术前（P〈0.05）;术后1月与末次随访时比较除Harris评分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而VAS评分差异无统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后随访X线片60例生物型假体均为骨长入稳定,末次随访时发现1例Brooker分级I级异位骨化病例,未予以处理。结论采用微创小切口人工全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死创伤小,出血量少,临床恢复快及临床效果好等优势,但远期效果仍需进一步观察随访。     

头状骨移位治疗月骨无菌性坏死

目的 介绍以骨间前动脉背侧支为蒂的头状骨移位治疗晚期月骨无菌性坏死。方法 对18例Lichtman分Ⅲ、Ⅳ期月骨无菌性坏死患者采用坏死月骨摘除，以骨间前动脉背侧支为蒂的头状骨移位替代坏死月骨。结果 术后随访1～5年，平均32个月，移位头状骨有可靠血运，16例腕痛消失，2例仍有轻度腕痛，优良率100％。结论 应用该法替代月骨支撑腕关节，符合腕关节功能解剖，是治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期月骨无菌性坏死的有效方法。     

带血管蒂大转子骨瓣及联合髂骨(膜)瓣治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的：为完善带血管蒂的不同骨瓣转移术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死。方法：应用带旋股外侧血管横支的大转子骨瓣，联合升支髂骨瓣和旋髂深血管蒂的髂骨（膜）瓣３种方法。６种术式对股骨头进行了修复和再造，临床应用１９１例２２０侧。结果：１１５例１３０侧经１年６个月至１１年随访取得了良好的效果。结论：带血管蒂的大转子骨瓣联合髂骨（膜）瓣转移的方法适合青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死的各期病变的治疗。     

带蒂骨瓣移位术治疗距骨缺血性坏死

为探讨治疗距骨缺血性坏死的有效方法，采用带蒂骨瓣移位术治疗距骨缺血性坏死２４例，９例采用内踝前动脉蒂第１楔骨瓣，４例采用跗内侧动脉蒂第１楔骨瓣，１１例采用跗外侧动脉蒂骰骨瓣。术后随访３年～５年６个月，优１６例，良４例，差４例，有效率为８３．３％。认为，带蒂骨瓣移位术是治疗距骨缺血性坏死的有效方法     

月骨摘除术远期效果随访5例报告

月骨摘除术远期效果随访５例报告宁志杰作者于１９６３～１９８９年采用月骨摘除术治疗腕关节月骨缺血性坏死８例，为了解其远期效果，兹将术后逾１０年的５例患者进行了追访，并结合本组病例对该术式预后提出分析讨论如下。１临床资料本组男例４例，女性１例，年龄：２０...     

Vascularized capitate transposition for advanced Kienböck disease: application of 40 cases and their anatomy

Based on anatomic study, the vascularized capitate transposition to replace excised necrotic lunate was designed and applied in 40 cases of advanced Kienb?ck disease. It includes excision of the necrotic lunate and proximal shift of the vascularized capitate. The blood supply of the transposed capitate is provided by the dorsal branch of the anterior interosseous artery. Bone union occurred radiographically, and no postoperative capitate necrosis occurred in all cases after 6 weeks. Twenty-three cases were followed up for 1 year. No residual wrist pain existed in the range of motion, but limited residual wrist pain existed in labor work. The arc of motion ranged on average from 35 degrees of flexion to 45 degrees of extension. The grip power of the affected hand reached on average 70% compared with the contralateral. The authors conclude the vascularized capitate transposition is a reliable alternative for advanced Kienb?ck disease.     

头状骨移位替代坏死月骨的解剖研究及其临床应用

目的　介绍一种治疗晚期月骨无菌性坏死的新术式。方法　对 5 0侧上肢标本进行显微解剖并观测腕部的血管结构。对 10 0侧腕骨标本中头状骨与月骨进行对比观测 ,并做相关性分析。设计以骨间前动脉背侧支为蒂的头状骨移位术 ,替代坏死碎裂的月骨。临床应用 2 0例 ,术后随访 1～ 13年。结果　头状骨与月骨的几何形状、外径和关节面的弧高、弧长极其相似 ,相关性显著。移位的头状骨有可靠的血运。 2 0例头状骨移位替代坏死月骨者术后腕痛消失 ,保持了腕高、腕骨间的稳定和腕关节的功能。结论　该术式符合腕关节的功能解剖和力学传导 ,是治疗晚期月骨无菌性坏死的较好方法。     

Anatomy of the anterior interosseous innervation of the pronator quadratus: evaluation of structures at risk in the single dorsal incision wrist denervation technique

PURPOSE: Patients with chronic wrist pain often are treated with wrist denervation, which typically involves transecting both the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) and the posterior interosseous nerve. A single dorsal incision approach is an improvement over the more traditional multiple-incision technique. The purpose of our study was to describe the branches of the AIN to the pronator quadratus and evaluate the risk of denervation with the single dorsal incision technique. METHODS: Twelve fresh-frozen cadaver forearms were dissected. The branches of the AIN to the pronator quadratus were identified and the individual branch points were measured from the articular edge of the distal radius. Wrist denervation was then performed on each specimen through the single dorsal incision (as suggested by Berger). RESULTS: There were an average of 3 branches from the AIN to the pronator quadratus. All forearms had at least 1 branch to the pronator quadratus more proximal to the distal end of the dorsal skin incision; however, in only 2 of the forearms was the most proximal branch more than 2 cm proximal to the distal end of the dorsal skin incision. CONCLUSIONS: Wrist denervation through the recommended single dorsal incision poses a serious risk for completely denervating the pronator quadratus. Therefore the resection of the AIN must be performed close to the distal margin of the pronator quadratus.     

Four-corner arthrodesis: influence of the position of the lunate on postoperative wrist motion: a cadaveric study

PURPOSE: Evaluate the influence of the position of the lunate on postoperative wrist motion in four-corner arthrodesis. METHODS: Six upper cadaveric limbs were evaluated, comparing the total arc of motion in each wrist after simulating four-corner arthrodesis. The lunate was fixed in 3 different positions: neutral (0 degrees ), extended (30 degrees ), and flexed (20 degrees ). Statistical analyses (ANOVA and Bonferroni tests) were carried out to establish the significance of differences in articular motion in these 3 positions. RESULTS: Significant statistical differences were observed in full wrist extension. No significant differences, however, were found in flexion-extension total arc of motion, radial deviation, or ulnar deviation. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results in this cadaveric model, the position of the lunate affects postoperative wrist flexion and extension after four-corner arthrodesis. The flexed lunate position increases postoperative wrist extension and restrains wrist flexion. Inversely, the extended lunate position improves articular flexion and limits extension. Total arc of motion of the fused wrist does not vary in the 3 lunate positions.     

Distraction resection arthroplasty of the wrist

Proximal row carpectomy should not be done if wrist degeneration includes cartilage destruction of the capitate or lunate fossa of the radius; yet total wrist arthroplasty has been disappointing for treatment of osteoarthritis. We have used a technique we call distraction resection wrist arthroplasty in such cases. We retrospectively reviewed distraction resection wrist arthroplasty in 14 wrists and compared them to nine patients who had PRC; average follow-up was 32 months. Three patients had spastic contractures and 20 had operation for painful osteoarthritis. Patient satisfaction was high but there were four failures requiring arthrodesis (1 PRC, 3 DRA). Average postoperative wrist motion was 41 degrees of extension, 38 degrees of flexion, 11 degrees of radial deviation, and 13 degrees of ulnar deviation. Static strength averaged almost two thirds of the uninvolved side and dynamic power more than half. Differences between the DRA and PRC patients were not statistically significant in single or aggregate analysis. We believe that distraction technique extends the indications for biologic arthroplasty to patients whose only prior option was wrist arthrodesis.     

Biomechanical evaluation of the ligamentous stabilizers of the scaphoid and lunate: part III

PURPOSE: This study continued our previous investigations of the ligaments stabilizing the scaphoid and lunate in which we examined the scapholunate interosseous ligament, the radioscaphocapitate, and the scaphotrapezial ligament. In this current study, we examined the effects of sectioning the dorsal radiocarpal ligament, dorsal intercarpal ligament, scapholunate interosseous ligament, radioscaphocapitate, and scaphotrapezial ligaments. In the current study, the scapholunate interosseous ligament, radioscaphocapitate, and scaphotrapezial ligaments were sectioned in a different order than performed previously. METHODS: Three sets of 8 cadaver wrists were tested in a wrist joint motion simulator. In each set of wrists, only 3 of the 5 ligaments were cut in specific sequences. Each wrist was moved in continuous cycles of flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation. Kinematic data for the scaphoid and lunate were recorded for each wrist in the intact state, after the 3 ligaments were sectioned in various sequences and after the wrist was moved through 1,000 cycles of motion. RESULTS: Dividing the dorsal intercarpal or scaphotrapezial ligaments did not alter the motion of the scaphoid or lunate. Dividing the dorsal radiocarpal ligament alone caused a slight statistical increase in lunate radial deviation. Dividing the scapholunate interosseous ligament after first dividing the dorsal intercarpal, dorsal radiocarpal, or scaphotrapezial ligaments caused large increases in scaphoid flexion and lunate extension. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, we concluded that the scapholunate interosseous ligament is the primary stabilizer and that the other ligaments are secondary stabilizers of the scapholunate articulation. Dividing the dorsal radiocarpal, dorsal intercarpal, or scaphotrapezial ligaments after cutting the scapholunate interosseous ligament produces further changes in scapholunate instability or results in changes in the kinematics for a larger portion of the wrist motion cycle.     

Biomechanical evaluation of the ligamentous stabilizers of the scaphoid and lunate: Part II

PURPOSE: This study is a continuation of our previous investigation of the ligaments stabilizing the scaphoid and lunate. We evaluated the effects of sectioning the scapholunate interosseous ligament, radioscaphocapitate ligament, and scaphotrapezial ligament in 3 sequences. METHODS: Three sets of 8 cadaver forearms were placed in a wrist simulator and moved in continuous cycles of flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation. Kinematic data for the scaphoid and lunate were recorded for each wrist in the intact state, after the 3 ligaments were sectioned in various sequences and after the wrist was moved through 1,000 cycles of motion. RESULTS: Sectioning only the scaphotrapezium ligament (ST) or the radioscaphocapitate ligament (RSC) resulted in minimal angular changes to the motion of the scaphoid and lunate. Sectioning of the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) or 1,000 cycles of repetitive wrist motion after ligament sectioning altered scaphoid and lunate kinematics. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings it was concluded that the SLIL is the primary stabilizer and the RSC and ST are secondary stabilizers of the scapholunate articulation. Repetitive motion after ligament injury probably results in further carpal instability.     

股骨近关节端低度恶性肿瘤切除后的人工关节置换术

目的　探讨对股骨近关节端破坏严重的低度恶性骨肿瘤切除后 ,采用人工关节置换达到保肢的疗效。方法　 1978年～ 1999年收治股骨近关节端低度恶性骨肿瘤 6 5例 ,对其中骨质破坏较严重的 15例 ,男 10例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 18～ 5 6岁。瘤段大块切除后 ,施行人工关节置换保肢术。骨巨细胞瘤 ( ～ 级 ) 10例 ,软骨肉瘤 5例 ,其中 A 5例 , B 9例 , A 1例 ;股骨近端 4例 ,股骨远端 11例。结果　术后创口均 期愈合。术后随访 9个月～ 2 0年 ,平均 4年 3个月 ,局部复发伴肺转移死亡 1例 ,外伤后致膝关节假体感染而截肢 1例 ,X线片示假体轻度塌陷 2例 ,其余患肢功能良好。结论　采用合理的边缘完整切除肿瘤手术 ,选择合适人工关节并正确安装 ,辅以综合治疗 ,能有效治疗破坏严重的股骨近关节端低度恶性肿瘤而达到良好保肢疗效     

An anatomical study of the anterior interosseous nerve and its innervation of the pronator quadratus muscle

This anatomical study of 40 upper limbs from cadavers investigated the branching pattern of the anterior interosseous nerve in its distal part using the operating microscope. An articular branch to the wrist joint and/or the distal radioulnar joint was only found in seven of the 40 specimens and was always a small terminal continuation of the anterior interosseous nerve after the nerve had passed through the pronator quadratus and innervated it. Therefore, we do not recommend division of the anterior interosseous nerve from the dorsal approach through the interosseous membrane before it gives off its muscular branches to the pronator quadratus. This risks damage of the innervation of this muscle of importance for initiation of hand pronation.     

旋转铰链型人工膝关节临床应用近期疗效观察

目的探讨旋转铰链型人工膝关节临床应用的近期疗效。方法2002年7月～2005年4月，应用旋转铰链型人工膝关节假体进行全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节严重畸形和不稳定17例17膝。其中男8例，女9例；年龄41～79岁，平均59岁。左侧10例，右侧7例。患者均因膝关节疼痛人院，病程1～7年。其中骨性关节炎10例，类风湿性关节炎5例，左股骨骨折术后创伤性关节炎1例，左胫骨平台骨折术后创伤性关节炎合并前交叉韧带、内侧半月板损伤及内侧侧副韧带断裂1例。术前HSS（hospital for special surgery）评分36-58分，平均48．6分；术前膝关节屈曲活动度21～80°，平均57．4°。结果术后患者均获随访7个月～3年，平均23．6个月。无下肢静脉血栓形成或肺栓塞，无腓总神经麻痹、骨折或伸膝装置断裂等并发症发生。1例患者术后3个月出现迟发感染，再次手术取出假体，应用抗生素骨水泥间隔行膝关节旷置待二期置换。其余16例最后随访时，HSS评分78～98分，平均91．1分，较术前平均增加45．5分，且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；术后2周，膝关节屈曲活动度为75～100°，平均85．2°，最后随访时膝关节屈曲活动度为85～123°，平均108．3°，与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换术近期疗效肯定，远期疗效尚待进一步随访。