利钠肽类激素在心律失常后的变化

目的观察心房利钠肽（atrial natriuretic peptide，ANP）、脑钠肽（brain natriuretic peptide，BNP）和C-型利钠肽（C-type natriuretic peptide，CNP）在心律失常后的变化，并探讨3者是否具有相关性。方法各种病因导致心律失常患者22例（NYHA心功能分级〈Ⅱ级），并设正常对照组20例，用竞争性放射免疫分析法测定血浆中ANP、BNP和CNP浓度。结果心律失常组血浆BNP较正常对照组明显升高，差异具有显著性（p〈0．01），而血浆ANP和CNP差异不具有显著性（p〉0．05）。心律失常组患者血浆ANP、BNP与CNP不具有相关性。结论无心力衰竭患者发作心律失常后血浆BNP可能明显升高，而血浆ANP与CNP浓度无明显变化。     

心力衰竭患者N末端A、B及C型利钠肽原与超声心动图和心功能对比分析

目的 评价左心衰竭患者的N末端A型利钠肽原(NT-proANP)、N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)和N末端C型利钠肽原(NT-proCNP)分别与临床NYHA心功能分级和超声心动图所测指标的相关性.方法 使用酶联免疫测定的方法测定112例左心衰竭患者(心衰组)和44例正常人(对照组)的血浆NT-proANP、NT-proBNP和NT-proCNP值,并分别与临床NYHA分级、左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)和左室射血分数(LVEF)进行相关性分析.结果 心衰组的NT-proANP、NT-proBNP、NT-proCNP均显著高于对照组(均为P＜0.05).心衰患者NT-proANP、NT-proBNP和NT-proCNP均两两相关.NT-proANP与NT-proBNP的相关性最强(r=0.790,P=0.000),而NT-proCNP分别与NT-proBNP(r=0.278,P=0.003)和NT-proANP(r=0.236,P=0.012)相关性较弱.单因素分析NT-proANP、NT-proBNP和NT-proCNP与超声心动图指标相关性的结果显示:NT-proANP、NT-proBNP均分别与LAD、LVEDD呈正相关(均为P＜0.05),与LVEF呈负相关(均为P＜0.05).但NT-proCNP未见与LAD、INEDD、INEF有明显相关性.在心衰组,分别引入包括年龄、性别、NYHA分级、超声心动图所测LAD、LVEDD、LVEF共6个因素进行多元逐步回归分析,结果NYHA、LVEF、LAD、年龄与NT-proANP独立相关,NYHA、LVEF、年龄与NT-proBNP独立相关,而NT-proCNP未见与上述因素的相关性.结论 心衰患者血浆NT-proANP、NT-proBNP和NT-proCNP的水平均显著升高,且三者两两相关.不论是单因素还是多元回归分析,NT-proCNP未见与心功能NYHA分级和超声心动图LAD、LVEF、LVEDD的相关性,NT-proCNP不能很好地反映心功能和超声心动图指标.     

Effect of Testosterone on Natriuretic Peptide Levels

Background

Circulating natriuretic peptide (NP) levels are markedly lower in healthy men than women. A relative NP deficiency in men could contribute to their higher risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Epidemiological studies suggest testosterone may contribute to sex-specific NP differences.

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后房颤患者ANP和BNP水平变化研究

目的探讨房颤患者行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术（PBMV）后心房利钠肽（ANP）和脑钠肽（BNP）变化及与血流动力学参数的关系。方法选择因风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴持续性房颤成功行PBMV患者38例,术前、术后1d及半年分别用放射免疫法和酶链免疫法测定血浆中ANP、BNP值,由超声心动图测左房内径（LAD）、二尖瓣口面积（MVA）、二尖瓣跨瓣压差（MPG）及肺动脉压（PAP）。结果PBMV术后患者血流动力学参数明显改善;术后1d及半年ANP水平较术前明显下降,BNP变化不明显。术后半年与术前比较,LAD与ANP下降相关（r=0．774,P〈0．05）,△BNP与△MPG相关（r=0．574,P〈0．05）。结论房颤患者PBMV术后半年血中ANP逐步下降,BNP降低不明显。房颤律时△ANP和△BNP仍是反映LAD和MPG变化的有效指标。     

Different Secretion Patterns of Adrenomedullin,Brain Natriuretic Peptide,and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide During Exercise in Hypertensive and Normotensive Subjects

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise on plasma concentrations of adrenomedullin, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in patients with essential hypertension (n=15) and in normotensive controls (n=10). Exercise consisted of two fixed workloads, 40 and 80 watts of work load using a supine bicycle ergometer. Plasma levels of all three peptides at rest were significantly higher in hypertensives than in controls. Plasma concentrations of ANP increased with exercise in both groups and had greater     

N-Terminal Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Variability in Stable Dialysis Patients

Background and objectives

Monitoring N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) may be useful for assessing cardiovascular risk in dialysis patients. However, its biologic variation is unknown, hindering the accurate interpretation of serial concentrations. The aims of this prospective cohort study were to estimate the within- and between-person coefficients of variation of NT-proBNP in stable dialysis patients, and derive the critical difference between measurements needed to exclude biologic and analytic variation.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Fifty-five prevalent hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients attending two hospitals were assessed weekly for 5 weeks and then monthly for 4 months between October 2010 and April 2012. Assessments were conducted at the same time in the dialysis cycle and entailed NT-proBNP testing, clinical review, electrocardiography, and bioimpedance spectroscopy. Patients were excluded if they became unstable.

Results

This study analyzed 136 weekly and 113 monthly NT-proBNP measurements from 40 and 41 stable patients, respectively. Results showed that 22% had ischemic heart disease; 9% and 87% had left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, respectively. Respective between- and within-person coefficients of variation were 153% and 27% for weekly measurements, and 148% and 35% for monthly measurements. Within-person variation was unaffected by dialysis modality, hydration status, inflammation, or cardiac comorbidity. NT-proBNP concentrations measured at weekly intervals needed to increase by at least 46% or decrease by 84% to exclude change due to biologic and analytic variation alone with 90% certainty, whereas monthly measurements needed to increase by at least 119% or decrease by 54%.

Conclusions

The between-person variation of NT-proBNP was large and markedly greater than within-person variation, indicating that NT-proBNP testing might better be applied in the dialysis population using a relative-change strategy. Serial NT-proBNP concentrations need to double or halve to confidently exclude change due to analytic and biologic variation alone.     

重组人脑利钠肽治疗心力衰竭安全性和疗效的开放性随机对照多中心临床研究

目的 观察重组人脑利钠肽在广泛使用条件下治疗心力衰竭(心衰)的安全性,并对比不同给药剂量和给药时间的疗效差异.方法对入选的2160例急性心衰和慢性心衰急性发作患者采用多中心、随机、开放、剂量对照的方法进行采集和统计分析.入选患者随机分为四个不同剂量和给药时间组,同时均给予标准治疗.结果安全性方面,全部患者低血压发生率为1.44%;肌酐在治疗后5～7 d和基线比较时,0.015μg、24 h治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P=0.7054),其他三组肌酐有所改善(P值分别为0.0437、0.0087、0.0116);30 d内再住院率5.65%,病死率9.44%.疗效方面,与基线相比,各组均有明显的呼吸困难改善(P＜0.01);给药后利尿量增加了76.59%(P＜0.01),左室射血分数增加了12.08%(P值分别为0.0035、0.0001、0、0.0012);给药5～7 d,N末端B型利钠肽原降低40.29%(P＜0.01).结论临床应用重组人脑利钠肽治疗心衰的不良事件发生率低,能明显改善患者呼吸困难程度,降低N末端B型利钠肽原,改善左室射血分数.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the safety of intravenous recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) in treating acute decompensated heart failure and acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure, and to compare the differences in efficacy with different dosage and administration time. Methods A total of 2160 patients characterized of acute decompensated heart failure and acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure were enrolled in this multicenter, randomized, open, dose-control study. The patients were randomly allocated to four groups with different doses and administration time on top of standard therapy. Results In the safety respect, the rate of hypotension is 1.44% at 5 -7 days after treatment, the serum creatinine level was reduced compared to baseline( P values were 0. 0437, 0. 0087 and 0. 0116)except in the group of 0. 015 μg at 24 h (P =0. 7054). The rate of 30-day readmission is 5.65%, mortality rate is 9. 44%. In terms of efficacy, dyspnea was significantly improved at 30 min after administration, and at 24 h after administration ( all P ＜ 0. 01 ). Urine output and LEVF were also significantly increased by 76. 59% (P ＜0. 01 ) and 12. 08% respectively ( all P ＜ 0. 01 ) compared to baseline. Plasma NT-proBNP decreased by 40. 29% at 5 - 7 days after administration ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion The clinical application of intravenous rhBNP is safe and effective for treatment of acute decompensated heart failure and acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure in this large patient cohort.     

原发性高血压患者动态血压节律异常对利钠肽及左室质量的影响

目的:评价原发性高血压(EH)患者动态血压节律异常对利钠肽及左室质量的影响.方法:根据24 h动态血压结果将65例EH患者分为杓形高血压组与非杓形高血压组,分别进行了血心房利钠肽(ANP)、脑钠肽(BNP)及超声心动图测定.结果:杓形高血压组与非杓形高血压组的ANP、BNP及左室质量指数(LVMI)均显著高于对照组(P<0 01);其中非杓形高血压组显著高于杓形高血压组(P<0 01);且ANP、BNP浓度与LVMI呈正相关(R=0 45,0 67;P< 0 01).结论:EH患者血压昼夜节律异常者,心脏ANP分泌增加,与LVMI呈正相关性.     

Effects of rosiglitazone on plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels and myocardial performance index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Thiazolidinediones (TZD) have become a powerful tool for lowering insulin resistance. The problem of cardiovascular adverse events including fluid retention and risk of heart failure should be well known and recognised. We aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of rosiglitazone on cardiac function and fluid dynamics. Forty-six type 2 diabetic patients were randomised to treatment with rosiglitazone or metformin or to a control group. There are no significant differences between the groups in the duration of diabetes, HbA1c, plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, body mass index and myocardial performance indexes (MPIs) before the treatment. After three and six months all these parameters were repeated. Rosiglitazone increased plasma BNP levels and worsened MPIs 3 months after the start of treatment. Also left ventricular end-systolic volume increased and weight gain was observed. But these results were statistically non-significant (all p>0.05). When we continued rosiglitazone treatment to six months the increase in BNP levels became soft and statistically significant improvements were seen in MPIs (p<0.01). Also left ventricular end-systolic volume decreased significantly (p=0.004) and weight gain was stopped. In patients with type 2 diabetes, TZD treatment might have slight adverse effects on ventricular contractility and fluid dynamics at the beginning of the therapy. However, these changes seem to stabilise in the long term.     

Tei Index Correlates with Tissue Doppler Parameters and Reflects Neurohormonal Activation in Patients with an Abnormal Transmitral Flow Pattern

Background: Tei index (TI) is a Doppler parameter which reflects combined systolic and diastolic function. We aimed to study the relationship between TI, both traditional and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) echocardiographic parameters and neurohormonal profile in outpatients with diastolic dysfunction expressed by an abnormal transmitral flow pattern. Methods and Results: A total of 67 consecutive outpatients with diastolic dysfunction (abnormal transmitral flow pattern) were studied; all patients underwent clinical evaluation, blood sampling for B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) plasma assaying, echocardiography for the determination of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), dP/dt, left atrium (LA) dimensions, longitudinal systolic (S) and diastolic wall velocities (E ' and A ' ), TI measured with Doppler echocardiography, and mitral regurgitation (MR) quantified on a semicontinuous scale. TI values were significantly correlated with BNP levels (r = 0.33; P < 0.01), LVEF (r =−0.56; P < 0.001), dP/dt (r =−0.52; P < 0.01), S (r =−0.45; P < 0.001), E ' (r =−0.36; P < 0.01), A ' (r =−0.27; P < 0.05), LA volume (r = 0.35; P < 0.01), and MR (P for trend < 0.05). In a multivariate regression analysis, TI was an independent predictor of increased BNP levels (β= 0.32; P < 0.05), even after correction for potential confounders. ROC analysis showed as values of TI >0.59 identified subjects with combined systolic and diastolic dysfunction with a sensitivity of 73.8% and a specificity of 71.4%. Conclusions: In outpatients with diastolic dysfunction, TI, an easy to perform parameter for global ventricular performance assessment, might be useful in identifying subjects with concomitant systolic impairment and neurohormonal activation.     

重组人脑利钠肽和硝酸甘油治疗急性失代偿性心力衰竭疗效和安全性的随机、开放、平行对照的多中心临床研究

目的比较重组人脑利钠肽和硝酸甘油治疗急性失代偿性心力衰竭(心衰)的治疗效果和安全性。方法试验对入选的209例急性失代偿性心衰患者的临床资料采用随机、开放、平行对照、多中心方法进行采集和统计分析。入选患者随机分配为导管组和非导管组,导管组应用Swan-Ganz导管进行血流动力学监测,分别在给药的0、15、30min和1、2、4、8、12、24h结束时测量记录治疗前后的肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)、肺动脉压(PAP),分别于给药的1、4、8、24h测量右房压(RAP)、心排量(CO)和心排指数(CI)。导管组与非导管组均记录治疗前后的呼吸困难程度、出入量以及全身临床情况评估。分组后患者再随机分入试验组(重组人脑利钠肽)和对照组(硝酸甘油),试验组使用重组人脑利钠肽首先以0·15μg/kg静脉冲击后,以0·0075μg·kg-1·min-1连续静脉滴注;对照组静脉持续滴注硝酸甘油。安全性评估采用用药过程中及用药后定期测量血压、心率,并对过程中所有不良事件进行记录。结果试验资料显示,两组治疗期间的液体出量均显著增加;试验组的呼吸困难和临床状况好转率显著优于对照组;试验组的PCWP、PAP比对照组有显著下降,而两组RAP和CI差异无统计学意义。在与药物相关的不良事件方面,两组差异无统计学意义。结论重组人脑利钠肽能明显改善急性失代偿性心衰患者的血流动力学、呼吸困难程度及全身临床状况,在有效降低PCWP方面优于硝酸甘油,其安全性与硝酸甘油类似。     

The natriuretic peptides in heart failure

Abstract. Synthesis and release of the natriuretic peptides rises incrementally with increasing degrees of cardiac dysfunction. The prime stimulus is intracardiac distending pressures with modulating inuences including age, gender, renal function and other aspects of neurohormonal status. Measurements of plasma natriuretic peptide concentrations and of B-type natriuretic peptide and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, in particular, show promise in diagnosis of heart failure, risk stratication in those with known heart disease, and in adjustment of therapy. Recombinant B-type natriuretic peptide itself can be administered as a treatment. These diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications of B-type natriuretic peptide require a considerable expansion beyond current evidence, but it appears likely that the true role of plasma peptide measurements and peptide administration will become rmly established within the coming 5 year period.     

利尿钠肽在主动脉瓣狭窄中的作用

主动脉瓣狭窄是临床最常见的瓣膜疾病之一,可导致心力衰竭和死亡风险增加,其发病率在未来20年内可能会随着人口老龄化而翻倍。目前有症状的严重主动脉瓣狭窄患者的首选治疗方法是手术或经导管主动脉瓣置换术,然而无症状严重主动脉瓣狭窄患者的最佳手术时机仍存在争议,警惕的等待策略既安全又可行,但猝死的风险每年几乎达到5%。研究发现,血浆利尿钠肽水平与主动脉瓣狭窄的严重程度、症状的发展以及预后相关,有助于监测疾病进展,并确定哪些患者将从早期治疗干预中获益最大,从而降低长期不良事件的风险。文章概述了利尿钠肽在主动脉瓣狭窄的诊断、临床管理、风险分层和潜在治疗意义中的作用。     

Supraventricular tachycardia,right atrial pressure,atrial natriuretic peptide and polyuria—a necessary sequence ?

Abstract. The release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) may be stimulated by tachycardia and the evidence from human studies suggests that this is mediated by a rise in atrial pressure. However, animal experiments suggest that tachycardia can by itself increase ANP levels without increasing right atrial pressure (RAP). We report here the case of a healthy volunteer who had supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) whilst participating in a study evaluating the relationship between changes in RAP and changes in ANP. The ANP levels rose following the SVT but there was no rise in RAP, suggesting that heart rate can modulate ANP levels without changes in RAP as has been shown in animal experiments.     

新疆裕民县汉族、哈族女性高血压与ANP及电解质关系的研究

目的:研究新疆塔城地区裕民县汉族、哈萨克族女性高血压与血浆心房利钠肽(ANP)及电解质含量的关系。方法:采用问卷调查表的形式调查了新疆塔城地区裕民县386名30岁至65岁之间的汉族、哈萨克族女性,分为原发性高血压(EH)组192例(汉族82例,哈族110例)和正常血压组194例(汉族102例,哈族92例)。所有数据资料均采用SPSS13.0统计软件包进行分析。结果:(1)汉族妇女EH组收缩压[(162.99±21.02)mmHg∶(114.75±13.11)mmHg]、舒张压[(95.61±11.74)mmHg∶(74.80±7.93)mmHg]、年龄[(51.67±7.49)岁∶(42.80±7.86)、岁]、体重指数[BMI,(26.60±3.32)kg/m2∶(24.86±3.29)kg/m2]显著高于正常血压组(P均0.05)。临床生化指标EH组的血钠[(140.83±1.88)mmol/L∶(139.96±1.42)mmol/L]、ANP[(0.14±0.05)ng/ml∶(0.12±0.04)ng/ml]水平显著高于正常血压组(P0.05),而血钾[(4.09±0.51)mmol/L∶(4.23±0.43)mmol/L]水平较正常血压组低(P0.05);(2)哈萨克族妇女EH组收缩压[(165.95±26.25)mmHg∶(118.04±11.46)mmHg]、舒张压[(98.55±13.05)mmHg∶(75.22±7.77)mm-Hg]、年龄[(49.26±8.38)岁:(39.47±6.81)岁]、BMI[(27.89±5.39)kg/m2∶(25.25±3.59)kg/m2]均明显高于正常血压组(P均0.05),临床生化指标EH组血钙[(2.28±0.12)mmol/L∶(2.23±0.09)mmol/L]水平明显高于正常血压组(P0.05),两组间的血钾、血钠及ANP水平差异无显著性(P0.05);(3)多元逐步回归分析表明,年龄、BMI是影响哈萨克族和汉族女性收缩压的主要因素(β=0.19～0.31,P0.05～0.01),ANP是影响汉族女性舒张压的主要因素之一(β=0.246,P0.05)。结论:新疆汉族和哈萨克族女性高血压与年龄、体重指数有关。心房利钠肽可能参与汉族女性血压的调节过程。     

利钠肽的心脏保护作用

心钠肽和脑钠肽作为心源性循环激素在调节血容量和血管张力方面具有重要作用,近年研究显示他们不仅作为循环激素而且作为局部自分泌和/或旁分泌因子发挥心脏保护作用,如抗心肌肥厚和抗纤维化作用。另外,利钠肽/cGMP系统在心力衰竭、心肌梗死及心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的病理生理中具有重要作用。最近,人类重组心钠肽和脑钠肽用于临床心力衰竭治疗已取得一定进展。现就以上做一综述。