Cytomegalovirus infection

Although commonly asymptomatic, congenital CMV infection is the leading cause of nonhereditary SNHL. Other sequelae that may be evident only after the neonatal period can include chorioretinitis, neurodevelopmental delay with mental or motor impairment, and microcephaly. (13) ? Congenital CMV infection is confirmed by detection of the virus in urine, blood, or saliva within the first 3 weeks of life by culture or polymerase chain reaction. A positive test does not necessarily confirm symptomatic CMV disease or need for treatment. (13) ? Postnatal CMV infections transmitted through human milk have been reported and may be clinically relevant in extremely premature infants; however, the risk-benefit ratio of pasteurizing human milk for the prevention of postnatal CMV infection is unclear. ? Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir, and CMV hyperimmune globulin are effective in treating or preventing CMV infections in the immunocompromised host, but require close monitoring for associated toxicities. Treatment for congenital CMV is associated with significant toxicity and uncertain effectiveness. ? Based on strong evidence, anticipatory guidance for congenital CMV infection should include hearing tests and neurodevelopmental assessments until school age. (3) In patients with symptomatic congenital CMV infection, lifelong ophthalmologic screening should be included. (4) ? Based primarily on consensus, owing to lack of relevant clinical studies, it is not recommended to withhold human milk produced by CMV-seropositive mothers from healthy term infants. (5)(6) ? Based on some research evidence, as well as consensus, treatment for congenital CMV is recommended only in symptomatic infants with central nervous system involvement. (9)     

儿童急性呼吸道感染肺炎衣原体感染状况的研究

目的了解急性呼吸道感染儿童肺炎衣原体(CPn)感染状况及特点.方法采用敏感性较好的培养方法对83例各年龄组呼吸道感染住院儿童进行了鼻咽拭子和咽拭子的培养分离.结果共发现CPn阳性21例,总感染率25.3%.其中49例肺炎中,CPn阳性13例(26.5%),10例毛细支气管炎中CPn阳性2例(20%),6例喘息性支气管炎中CPn阳性1例(16.7%),12例上呼吸道感染中有CPn阳性5例(41.7%),6例支气管炎中未分离到CPn.结论CPn是我国儿童急性呼吸道感染的重要病原,其在儿童急性上呼吸道感染中占有主要地位,在毛细支气管炎、喘息性支气管炎中的作用值得重视.     

重症轮状病毒感染

自1973年发现轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)以来,研究不断深入。RV是世界范围内儿童急性腹泻病最重要的病原之一,全球每年约有87万儿童死于RV感染,并且主要是在发展中国家。人类RV分为A、B、C 3组,分子流行病学研究显示,世界范围内广泛流行的主要为A组,但B、C组也有报道。在我国流行的A组轮状病毒一直以G1型为主,G2型次之,G3型、G4型再次之。然而近年来,全国分离出的G3型毒株明显增多。B组轮状病毒,是我国分离鉴定的新轮状病毒,仅在我国大陆流行。C组轮状病毒感染在世界各地有局部的发病和流行,但感染率不如A组。英格兰和威尔士的血清学…     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.     

重症感染的识别

重症感染是PICU最常见危重症,其病原包括细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫等.近十几年来,尽管临床监护技术及支持手段的不断进步,重症感染患儿的病死率仍高达10%.大量循证医学研究显示早期诊断及早期治疗能明显改善预后[1].因而,及早识别重症感染患儿是儿科医师日常工作的重要内容.