肺心清胶囊对肺心病患者肺通气功能的改善作用观察

目的 观察肺心清胶囊对慢性肺源性心脏病(简称肺心病)患者肺通气功能的改善作用及其可能机制.方法 将确诊为肺心病的患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各30例,均给予常规综合治疗,治疗组加用肺心清胶囊3次/d,3粒/次,观察28 d.于治疗前后分别测定与肺通气功能相关指标肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大呼气中段流量(FEF)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)等,并进行统计学对比分析.结果 治疗后治疗组的肺通气功能改善效果明显优于对照组,各项指标统计学差异均具有显著性(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).结论 肺心清胶囊联合常规综合治疗可更明显地改善肺心病患者肺通气功能,提高PaO2,为肺心病的中西医结合治疗提供了一个有效且方便应用的药品和措施.     

酒石酸伐尼克兰戒烟对血管内皮功能的影响

[目的]探讨应用酒石酸伐尼克兰戒烟对血管内皮功能的影响.[方法] 将113名健康吸烟男性随机分为酒石酸伐尼克兰戒烟组36名,单纯咨询戒烟组42名,不戒烟组35名,另选49名健康不吸烟男性作为对照组,临床随访12周,监测4周持续戒烟率;应用高分辨率超声测定12周前后健康吸烟者与对照者肱动脉血流介导的血管舒张功能(FMD)及内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能(EID).[结果] (1)酒石酸伐尼克兰戒烟组第9~12周4周持续戒烟率高于单纯咨询戒烟组 (72%,48%,P<0.05).(2)健康吸烟者的FMD较对照者降低[(6.5±2.8)%,(17.1±3.7)%,P<0.05],二者的EID差异无显著性意义.(3)12周后戒烟成功组FMD得到改善[(6.7±2.9)%,(15.6±3.5)%,P<0.05],戒烟失败及不戒烟组FMD无改善[(6.4±3.6)%,(7.2±2.6)%,P>0.05;(6.6±3.2)%,(6.7±2.6)%,P>0.05];12周后各组EID差异无显著性意义.(4)酒石酸伐尼克兰戒烟组与单纯咨询戒烟组成功者FMD均较戒烟前明显改善,但前者优于后者[(17.5±4.0)%,(13.7±2.8)%,P=0.037].(5)12周末酒石酸伐尼克兰戒烟组与单纯咨询戒烟组失败者FMD均较戒烟前无改善(P>0.05),且二者之间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).[结论] 吸烟者早期即有血管内皮功能障碍,酒石酸伐尼克兰是一种较为安全有效的戒烟药物,应用该药物戒烟成功者血管内皮功能改善较明显.     

135例吸烟患者肺功能检查的临床分析

目的探讨吸烟对检查对象肺功能的影响,总结其规律性,寻求可能的干预方法。方法选择2010年1～12月到笔者所在医院体检的研究对象共255例。吸烟组135例,非吸烟组120例。按常规检查肺功能,检查第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC、最大呼气中期流速(MMEF)、75%、50%、25%肺活量位的最大呼气流速(MEF75、MEF50、MEF25)、呼气峰流速(PEF)。结果反映肺功能的指标FEV1、FEV1/FVC、MMEF、PEF、MEF50等在吸烟组明显下降,两组比较第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC、最大呼气中期流速(MMEF)、75%、50%、25%肺活量位的最大呼气流速(MEF75、MEF50、MEF25)、呼气峰流速(PEF),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论吸烟者在尚无临床症状时,其肺通气功能已明显下降,肺功能的变化受吸烟影响,较长期大量吸烟的人的肺功能的减退尤为明显。     

吸烟对生育能力及后代影响的研究进展

吸烟对男性生殖健康的影响一直没有得到足够的重视,对子代影响的研究更是寥寥无几。我们团队近十年的研究证实,吸烟会破坏睾丸的正常结构,改变睾丸和附睾中蛋白质表达谱,影响精子的发生和正常的成熟,甚至也会改变精子的运动能力,影响最终的生育能力。而对于电子香烟的主要成分尼古丁,暴露后的小鼠其睾丸中涉及细胞运动调节过程和三羧酸循环中重要蛋白的表达水平发生变化,同时抑制了附睾中多元醇通路并导致精液中果糖浓度较低,运动能力上升能量供应不足,最终影响优质精子的受精能力。另外,我们还发现尼古丁暴露会改变精子中一些基因的甲基化水平,这些表观遗传的改变会印记到子代,最后对后代的精神健康和身体健康产生影响。     

吸烟对健康的危害及控烟策略

烟草严重威胁中国民众的身体健康,必须采取科学有效的措施对吸烟进行预防与控制。本文探讨了吸烟对健康的危害及控烟策略,研究吸烟在中国的流行状况及影响因素,并提出控烟策略和措施。有效的控烟运动有赖于政府积极主导控烟规划,社会政治、经济和文化等各个领域积极构建控烟支持环境,从而切实减少烟草对我国公民健康的危害。     

环境香烟烟雾对大鼠脂质过氧化作用的影响

目的：研究环境香烟烟雾（ＥＴＳ）对机体抗氧化能力的影响。方法：建立ＥＴＳ染毒的动物模型,测定对照组、１ｈ染毒组和２ｈ染毒组大鼠和脏器的脂质过氧化水平及抗氧化能力。结果 大鼠连续染毒６周后,血清、肝、肾和卵巢等脏器ＬＰＯ含量明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）;血清、脾和脑超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）;但肝肾和卵巢的ＳＯＤ活性较对照组低（Ｐ〉０．０５）;肝和脑组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化     

右美托咪定滴鼻在小儿肺功能检查中的镇静效果

目的 评价右美托咪定滴鼻在小儿肺功能检查中的临床效果。方法 选取2021年6月至2021年12月于吉林大学第一医院小儿呼吸科行肺功能检查的患儿120例,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为A组(n=40)、B组(n=40)和C组(n=40)。A组患儿采用10%的水合氯醛按50～80mg/kg保留灌肠,B组和C组患儿分别于检查前30min将右美托咪定原液按照2.0μg/kg和3.0μg/kg进行滴鼻。待患儿睫毛反射消失后开始肺功能检查。记录3组患儿镇静前(T0)、镇静后10min(T1)、20min(T2)和30min(T3)时的平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)、心率(heart rate,HR)、呼吸频率(respiratory rate, RR)及脉搏血氧饱和度(pulse oxygen saturation,SpO₂)。记录3组患儿镇静前、镇静后10min、20min和30min时的警觉/镇静观察评分(observer’s assessment of alertness/sedation scale,OAA/S)和镇静成功率,以及3组患...     

Australian patterns of tobacco smoking in 1989

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the national prevalence of smoking. DESIGN: A total of 4820 adults aged 16 years and over (2364 men, 2456 women) were surveyed throughout Australia in 1989 by a large market research company. SETTING: Interviews were conducted in the participants' homes. RESULTS: Overall, 30.2% of men and 27.0% of women were current smokers; 29.8% of men and 19.3% of women were past smokers. The mean daily consumption of factory-made cigarettes among male smokers was 22 and among female smokers 18.9. Taking into account the published tar content of the brand smoked, it was estimated that the average daily exposure to tobacco tar for men was 204 mg and for women 157 mg. Occupational and educational status were inversely related to the prevalence of smoking. The most popular packet size was 25 (preferred by 48% of smokers) and those in lower occupational and educational categories were more likely to purchase cigarettes in large packet sizes. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison with an earlier series of studies commenced in 1974 showed that the national prevalence of smoking among adults has continued to fall, particularly among men.     

Australian patterns of tobacco smoking in 1986

A total of 9440 Australian men and women of over 15 years of age was interviewed at home in 1986 to determine the prevalence and consumption levels of tobacco products. Current smokers were defined as those who smoked any combination of cigarettes, cigars or pipes regularly. The percentage of current smokers among men was 32.9% and among women was 28.5%, and the peak prevalence of smoking was in the age-group 20-24 years for both men (40.5%) and women (40.8%). Among men, 27.7% were past smokers, and among women, 16.5% were past smokers. The proportion of past smokers among those who had ever smoked was higher in men (0.46) than among women (0.37), but in the younger age groups there was no relative excess among men. Male smokers consumed more cigarettes per day than did female smokers and men were exposed to a higher daily average amount of cigarette tar. Sociodemographic variables that were associated with smoking in both men and women included age and educational and occupational level. Asian-born persons had a significantly lower prevalence of smoking than did persons who were born in Australia.     

Patterns of tobacco smoking in Australia.

A large representative sample of Australians aged 14 years or more was interviewed about smoking. Forty-one per cent of the males and 29% of the females aged 16 years and over currently smoked cigarettes. Smoking rates for both sexes were highest in the 20 to 24 years age group. People in metropolitan areas smoked more than those in rural areas. There was a clear excess of smoking among British immigrants. Higher socioeconomic level was associated with lower smoking rates, with higher ex-smoking rates and with more frequent choice of low-tar brands. Low-tar cigarrettes were used more where health education had emphasized the importance of tar content. Choice of brands among young smokers appeared related to the advertising strategies employed by cigarette companies. The majority of ex-smokers over 60 years of age had given up more than five years previously. Although comparison with earlier surveys of smoking habits is difficult, the results suggested a decrease in cigarette smoking among males and a slight increase among females.     

Measures of tobacco smoking in Australia 1974-1986 by means of a standard method

Trends in smoking among Australian adults as based upon surveys with a standard method in 1974, 1976, 1980, 1983 and 1986 are presented. The percentage of male cigarette smokers fell from 42.2% in 1974 to 31.9% in 1986 and the percentage of female smokers was 29.5% in 1974 and 28.8% in 1986. Over the period of observation, the percentage of past smokers of both sexes climbed steadily and, in 1986, reached 28.1% of men and 16.8% of women.     

吸烟对龈沟液弹性蛋白酶及其抑制因子水平的影响

目的　探讨吸烟对龈沟液 (GCF)弹性蛋白酶 (EA)及α1 抗胰蛋白酶 (α1 AT)水平的影响。方法　分别采用底物反应法和ELISA法检测GCF中EA和α1 AT水平。结果　吸烟牙周炎患者GCF EA水平明显低于非吸烟者 ,差异具有极显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;吸烟与非吸烟者GCF α1 AT水平的差异则缺乏显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　吸烟可降低牙周炎患者GCF EA水平 ,但对GCF α1 AT水平似无显著影响     

我国医生吸烟率、戒烟率及控烟行为的系统研究

目的  采用Meta分析和系统综述方法,评价我国医生吸烟率、成功戒烟率及控烟行为现状。方法  利用PubMed、ProQuest、Springerlink、VIP、WanFang Data和CNKI等数据库检索关于中国医生吸烟情况及控烟行为文献。采用Stata 11.0软件进行数据分析。结果  ①总体吸烟率0.223[95% CI：0.217,0.230],男性0.389[95% CI：0.382,0.397],女性0.007[95% CI：0.006,0.009]。总吸烟率随研究时间略有增长,东部地区医生总吸烟率高于中西部地区。②戒烟率0.088[95% CI：0.083,0.092]。戒烟率随研究年份稍有提高,年龄>35岁组戒烟率高于其他年龄组,东部地区医生戒烟率低于中西部地区。③人均日吸烟量为（8.28～16）支,平均（11.85±2.06）支,随研究时间递减,东部地区医生人均吸烟量高于中西部地区。④医生总体控烟态度积极,但控烟知识方面存在偏差,缺乏控烟技巧和能力培训。结论  我国医生吸烟率高、戒烟率低、人均日吸烟量大、控烟“知信行”表现不太乐观。应加强对医生烟草知识、控烟干预的培训,提高中国医生控烟技巧和能力,推动全社会控烟工作的发展。

     

精神分裂症共患烟草依赖患者戒烟程式训练疗效初探

目的探讨精神分裂症共患烟草依赖患者应用戒烟程式训练的疗效。方法收集同时符合ICD-10精神分裂症和烟草依赖诊断标准的住院患者60例,经抗精神病药物治疗急性症状改善后随机分为实验组和对照组,各30例。实验组在抗精神病药物治疗的同时,采用自编的《精神分裂症共患烟草依赖的戒烟程式》进行为期8周的训练,对照组仅在抗精神病药物治疗基础上予戒烟健康宣教。于入组时和训练结束后分别以阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、个人和社会功能量表(PSP)及尼古丁成瘾度测试表(FTND)评定疗效。结果训练8周末,实验组与对照组相比,组内PANSS评分差异有统计学意义(<0.05),但组间减分差异无统计学意义(>0.05);组内、组间PSP评分、FTND评分差异均有统计学意义(<0.05);两组戒烟疗效差异有统计学意义(<0.05)。结论对精神分裂症共患烟草依赖患者进行戒烟程式训练,能显著改善患者的社会功能,降低尼古丁成瘾度,但远期对精神症状的影响和戒烟的疗效仍有待观察。