切开复位、Salter骨盆截骨术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的近期疗效评价

[目的]评价切开复位、Salter骨盆截骨术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位术后的近期疗效。[方法]回顾性分析本组39例(43髋)发育性髋关节脱位患儿行切开复位、Salter骨盆截骨术后的基本资料。其中男7例,女32例;右髋7例,左髋28例,双髋4例。脱位程度按照Tonnis分级:Ⅰ度1髋,Ⅱ度11髋,Ⅲ度17髋,Ⅳ度14髋。测量髋臼指数(acetabular index,AI)、CE角(center-edge angle,CEA)和髋关节活动度,并在末次随访时,分别按Severin影像学评级标准和Mckay功能评级标准进行疗效评定。所有病例平均随访15.5个月。[结果]本组病例中,术后1髋出现半脱位,无股骨头缺血性坏死。末次随访时,AI平均22.6°,CEA平均29.1°,均较术前获得明显改善(P<0.05);患侧髋关节活动度基本恢复正常。按Severin标准评级,优良率为95.4%;按Mckay标准评级,优良率为93.0%;Severin标准影像学评级与Mckay标准功能评级间存在正相关,r=0.73(P<0.05)。[结论]切开复位、Salter骨盆截骨术后,脱位的股骨头能获得稳定的中心性复位,头臼包容改善并逐渐趋于正常。术后中短期的影像学改变与临床疗效具有一致性,影像学改变越满意,髋关节功能恢复越好。     

大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位的手术治疗

目的 总结不同手术方法治疗大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位的疗效.方法 1985年至2005年期间分别采用Salter截骨术、Pemberton截骨术和髋臼造盖成形术治疗6～15岁发育性髋关节脱位患儿56例(62髋).结果 31例(33髋)获平均8.5年(2.5～15年)随访,根据周永德疗效评定标准,优17髋、良11髋、中2髋、差3髋,总优良率为85%.Salter骨盆截骨术组优良率为87%;Pemberton截骨术组优良率为83%,1例股骨头坏死;髋臼造盖成形术组优良率为85%,1例股骨头坏死,1例严重髋关节僵硬;同时行股骨粗隆下截骨的22例(23髋)中无一例发生股骨头坏死和术后脱位.结论 正确选择术式是大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位获得良好疗效的关键,术式的选择主要根据病理变化和年龄.股骨粗隆下截骨能有效降低头臼压力,减少股骨头坏死和再脱位发生率.     

Pemberton截骨术治疗大龄儿童髋关节发育不良的疗效分析

[目的]探讨Peruberton截骨术治疗大龄儿童髋关节发育不良的疗效.[方法]应用Pemlberton截骨术治疗大龄儿童髋关节发育不良共21例(24髋).手术时平均年龄为9岁7个月(7～13岁6个月).术中根据股骨头脱位高度、前倾角和颈干角联合行股骨短缩截骨、去旋转截骨和近端内翻截骨术.[结果]术后平均随访5年5个月(4～10年),有18髋达到McKay临床功能评价的优或者良;所有髋关节的髋臼指数(或者Sharp角)、CE角和头臼指数均得到明显改善,平均值恢复到正常范围;18髋的X线片评价达到Severin影像学评价的Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.新出现和在原基础上加重的髋关节活动受限9例,髋父节半脱位4例,股骨头缺血性坏死6例,髋关节骨关节炎3例.[结论]Pembenon截骨术治疗大龄儿童髋关节发育不良大部分可以得到一个临床功能优良、中心复位或包含良好的髋关节,同时需要注意减少术后并发症的发生.     

单纯Pemberton髋臼成形术与联合股骨粗隆下旋转缩短截骨术治疗发育性髋关节脱位

目的:回顾性比较单纯Pemberton髋臼成形术与联合股骨粗隆下旋转缩短截骨手术治疗发育性髋关节脱位的临床疗效。方法:2004年1月至2009年1月,对采用单纯Pemberton髋臼成形术或Pemberton髋臼成形术联合股骨粗隆下旋转缩短截骨手术治疗且获随访的141例发育性髋关节脱位患者的资料进行回顾性分析,其中57例采用单纯Pemberton髋臼成形术治疗(单纯髋臼成形手术组),男12例,女45例,年龄3～8岁;84例采用Pemberton髋臼成形术联合股骨粗隆下旋转缩短截骨手术治疗(联合手术组),男15例,女69例,年龄4～9岁。比较2组术后并发症及术后2年进行Severin放射学评价,并采用Mckay临床评定标准评价2组疗效。结果:单纯髋臼成形手术组患者随访30～52个月,平均38个月;联合手术组患者随访32～51个月,平均37个月。单纯髋臼成形手术组7例再脱位,4例股骨头坏死,5例关节僵硬;联合手术组无再脱位、股骨头坏死、患肢缩短,2例关节僵硬。术后2年McKay临床疗效评定结果:单纯髋臼成形手术组优27髋,良18髋,可12髋;联合手术组优52髋,良25髋,可7髋。联合手术组疗效优于单纯髋臼成形手术组。Severin X线评定标准结果:单纯髋臼成形手术组优27髋,良15髋,可15髋;联合手术组中优53髋,良22髋,可9髋。联合手术组优于单纯髋臼成形手术组。结论:与单纯髋臼成形手术相比,联合手术治疗发育性髋关节脱位在术后减少严重并发症及功能恢复方面有明显优势。联合手术组患者对术后综合结果更为满意。     

改良Salter骨盆截骨术治疗幼儿发育性髋关节脱位

[目的]介绍改良Salter骨盆截骨术,随访其治疗幼儿发育性髋关节脱位的短期临床效果。[方法]回顾性分析2013年7月～2015年12月本院采用切开复位联合改良Salter骨盆截骨术治疗幼儿发育性髋关节脱位的病例资料,纳入患儿共30例(30髋),均为单侧髋关节全脱位,其中男2例,女28例,年龄13～24个月,平均(18.57±2.66)个月;左侧19髋,右侧11髋。记录手术时间、髋臼指数、临床功能恢复情况及再脱位、股骨头缺血性坏死等并发症情况。[结果]所有病例手术时间50～75 min,平均(60.23±8.76) min,无血管、神经损伤等严重术中并发症。术中失血约10～30 ml,平均(21.17±6.91) ml,均未输血。除1髋术后1 d再脱位,经更换石膏后复位良好外,其他患儿均达到同心复位。髋臼指数由术前(38.03±6.27)°减少至术后(28.49±5.63)°,平均矫正[(9.75±7.31)°,95%CI (7.11～12.28)°]。随访16～46个月,平均(28.33±7.57)个月,随访期间3髋(10.00%)发生I型股骨头缺血性坏死。末次随访时,按照改良Mckay临床功能评定标准,优26髋(86.67%),良4髋(13.33%),优良率100.00%。在影像方面,所有病例手术侧均无再脱位,均未发生髂骨翼畸形,手术侧髋臼指数随时间延长进一步改善,与非手术侧相等,甚至优于对侧,因为非手术侧有8髋髋臼发育不良。[结论]改良Salter骨盆截骨术微创优效,有助于加速髋关节脱位的髋臼重塑,减少残余髋臼发育不良的发生。     

发育性髋关节脱位术后再脱位的原因分析与翻修策略

[目的]分析手术治疗发育性髋关节脱位术后再脱位的原因,探讨减少和避免再脱位的对策。[方法]2011年7月～2015年7月,本院经手术治疗发育性髋关节脱位术后再脱位患儿31例(31髋),男9例,女22例,初次手术年龄20个月～10岁1个月,平均(31.21±10.33)个月。对所有患儿进行3D CT影像检查,综合分析再脱位原因。针对具体病理进行翻修术,包括切开复位Salter截骨16髋,其中同时行股骨短缩手术者12髋;切开复位加Pemberton截骨13髋,其中同时行股骨短缩手术者11髋;切开复位加Chiari截骨者2髋。对翻修手术的效果进行临床与影像分析。[结果]再脱位原因包括:11髋内收肌紧张,8髋髂腰肌未切断,7髋关节囊内盂唇内翻,6髋内侧关节囊未彻底松解,11髋臼底脂肪纤维组织填充;10髋髋臼指数45°,2髋后方骨质缺损。13髋股骨头缺血性坏死,4髋严重变形伴短颈,5髋颈干角160°,7髋股骨颈前倾角40°。31例(31髋)再手术复位成功率100%。随访25～72个月,平均(35.33±11.24)个月,末次随访时根据Mckay临床评估标准,优25髋,良4髋,可2髋,优良率93.55%。影像检查显示中心性复位29例,残留髋臼发育不良1例,新发生股骨头坏死1例。[结论]手术治疗发育性髋关节脱位术后再脱位的主要原因包括:术中关节囊及周围软组织处理不当、手术指征及术式掌握不当、手术操作不规范及年龄等因素。只有遵循个体化的治疗原则,获得术中股骨头与髋臼稳定的同心圆复位,才能避免再次脱位的发生。     

“漂浮髋臼”内固定重建手术策略及疗效分析

目的探讨"漂浮髋臼"损伤内固定重建的手术策略,以有效提高其复位质量、头臼匹配程度及疗效。方法回顾性分析自2006-10—2014-10采用内固定手术重建治疗的28例(28髋)"漂浮髋臼"损伤。术前在医师监护下进行间断性大重量骨牵引,并结合手法复位。术中以"股骨头模具"、顺应关节囊牵引张力确定"漂浮臼顶"主要骨折块方位,前后联合入路复位后再局部平整臼顶关节面。结果骨折复位质量采用Matta影像学评价标准评定:优26例,良1例,差1例。28例均获得随访8~36个月,平均12.7个月。骨折均顺利愈合,愈合时间2~3个月,X线片及CT扫描均显示骨痂形成连续,达到骨性愈合标准。髋关节功能采用Matta改良的Mere d'Aubigne-Postel评分标准评定:优26例,良1例,差1例,优良率96.4%。结论术前有效骨牵引复位,术中以"股骨头模具"、顺应关节囊牵引张力确定"漂浮臼顶"主要骨折块方位,前后联合入路整体协同复位后再局部平整臼顶关节面,从而良好恢复头臼匹配程度的内固定策略有效提高了"漂浮髋臼"的复位质量及手术近期疗效。     

Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位

目的探讨Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的疗效。方法采用Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗39例(44髋)发育性髋关节脱位患儿。结果患儿均获随访,时间6～24个月。按照吉士俊等疗效评定标准进行评定:优35髋,良6髋,可3髋,优良率达93.2%。结论Salter髂骨截骨联合股骨头圆韧带重建术治疗学龄前儿童发育性髋关节脱位效果良好。     

大龄儿童髋关节发育不良的联合手术治疗方法及体会

目的探讨大龄儿童髋关节发育不良(DDH)的手术治疗方法及效果。方法自2008-01—2013-12采取股骨头切开复位+股骨近端内翻缩短去旋转截骨+带缝匠肌瓣的髂骨骨块植骨增大髋臼包容、并使股骨头骨骺发育最佳的位置作为负重点治疗大龄儿童DDH 9例(10髋)。结果本组均获得随访10个月~5年。末次随访时根据Mckay标准评定临床疗效:优4例,良3例(4髋),可1例,差1例。X线片检查:髋臼指数术后下降至16°~28°,平均24°;颈干角110°~145°,平均132°;股骨颈前倾角15°~45°,平均28°。经过最长5年的随访,髋关节屈曲90°者4髋,其中45°1髋;无股骨头全脱位者,半脱位3髋;股骨头坏死1髋,占10%。结论根据大龄儿童DDH的特点,选择本术式可获得良好的治疗效果,显著降低股骨头坏死的发生率,推迟骨关节炎的发生,改善患儿的生存质量。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良的髋臼重建

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良（DDH）时不同方式髋臼重建对疗效的影响。方法 2000年1月至2007年10月,36例（44髋）先天性髋臼发育不良患者进行了全髋关节置换。年龄42～65岁,平均48岁。术前Harris评分平均为49.9分,双下肢长度差异平均为1.8 cm,髋关节平均活动度：屈曲59.6°,外展21.6°,内收13.9°,外旋10°,内旋8.2°。术中臼杯均安装于真臼处,髋臼内移14髋,髋臼内陷成形术18髋,自体股骨头结构性植骨12髋。髋臼侧均选用非骨水泥型假体。疗效评价：根据Harris评分分为优、良、可、差四级。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间1.8～9.2年,平均5.1年。平均Harris评分由术前的49.9分恢复到术后的90.1分,两者比较有统计学差异（P〈0.01,t=28.807）,其中评定为优23髋、良17髋、可4髋,术后优良率达90.9%。术后髋关节平均活动度：屈曲105°,外展35°,内收15.8°,外旋45°,内旋15°。本组病例无肺栓塞、深静脉血栓形成、感染等并发症发生。X线检查示假体无松动移位,无翻修病例。结论全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良采用恰当的髋臼重建结合非骨水泥型髋臼假体可获得满意中远期疗效。     

Congenital dislocation of the hip. A re-appraisal of the upper age limit for treatment

Difficulties posed in managing developmental dysplasia of the hip diagnosed late include a high-placed femoral head, contracted soft tissues and a dysplastic acetabulum. A combination of open reduction with femoral shortening of untreated congenital dislocations is a well-established practice. Femoral shortening prevents excessive pressure on the located femoral head which can cause avascular necrosis. Instability due to a coexisting dysplastic shallow acetabulum is common, and so a pelvic osteotomy is performed to achieve a stable and concentric hip reduction. We retrospectively reviewed 15 patients (18 hips) presenting with developmental dysplasia of the hip aged four years and above who were treated by a one-stage combined procedure performed by the senior author. The mean age at operation was five years and nine months (4 years to 11 years). The mean follow-up was six years ten months (2 years and 8 months to 8 years and 8 months). All patients were followed up clinically and radiologically in accordance with McKay's criteria and the modified Severin classification. According to the McKay criteria, 12 hips were rated excellent and six were good. All but one had a full range of movement. Eight had a limb-length discrepancy of about 1 cm. All were Trendelenburg negative. The modified Severin classification demonstrated four hips of grade IA, six of grade IB, and eight of grade II. One patient had avascular necrosis and one an early subluxation requiring revision. One-stage correction of congenital dislocation of the hip in an older child is a safe and effective treatment with good results in the short to medium term.     

介绍一种治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的新骨盆截骨方法——髋臼坐骨切迹周围骨盆截骨

目的介绍一种新的骨盆截骨的手术操作方法,即髋臼坐骨切迹周围骨盆截骨术。方法对儿童发育性髋关节脱位（developmental dysplasia of hip,DDH）97例（112髋）行此手术,回顾性分析随访2年以上的31例（39髋）DDH患儿资料,术前髋臼指数平均41°（34°~53°）,其骨盆截骨方法为：骨盆截骨线起自髂前上下棘之间中点,与髋臼后上缘相平行,向髋臼后下方止于距离坐骨切迹骨皮质前方3~5mm处,撑开截骨间隙时产生坐骨切迹皮质不完全骨折,获得髋臼向前外方向的旋转,用自体髂骨或同种异体楔形骨块嵌入截骨间隙,达到改变髋臼方向、增加髋臼对股骨头覆盖的目的。结果31例39髋获2年以上随访,术后髋臼指数平均为16°（-5°~23°） 术后CE角恢复至28°（23°~41°）。术后有2例出现髋臼指数过度矫正、股骨头轻度不规则、髋关节活动受限。按照McKay髋关节评定标准和Severin放射学分类评价标准评价疗效：优37髋,良2髋。结论髋臼坐骨切迹周围骨盆截骨,兼有Salter和Pemberton骨盆截骨的优点,但手术操作更为安全、简便,适应证也较宽。     

Acetabular dysplasia in the rat induced by injury to the triradiate growth cartilage

An extraarticular lesion of the physeal component of the acetabular roof was performed by thermal cautery in young Wistar rats. Seventy-four animals were studied. The effects of the lesion on the pelvis, the hip joint, and the femur were analyzed during a 14-week period by radiographic, gross morphologic, morphometric, and histologic methods. Most hips developed dysplasia with a shallow and deformed acetabulum and a deformed and underdeveloped femoral head.     

Acetabular dysplasia in the rat induced by injury to the triradiate growth cartilage

An extraarticular lesion of the physeal component of the acetabular roof was performed by thermal cautery in young Wistar rats. Seventy-four animals were studied. The effects of the lesion on the pelvis, the hip joint, and the femur were analyzed during a 14-week period by radiographic, gross morphologic, morphometric, and histologic methods. Most hips developed dysplasia with a shallow and deformed acetabulum and a deformed and underdeveloped femoral head.     

伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术对严重髋臼发育不良的治疗

目的 研究和分析使用伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术治疗严重髋臼发育不良的中期临床和影像学结果.方法 1997年10月至2002年12月对18例(20髋)严重髋臼发育不良(Severin分级Ⅳb级)的患者接受了伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术.患者手术时平均年龄21岁,平均随访时间6.2年.本组患者术前患髋均已出现疼痛,术前功能位片显示关节面吻合.术后影像学评价畸形的矫正范围,截骨处的愈合情况及关节炎的进展.临床结果和髋关节功能由Harris评分进行评价,术前Harris评分平均78.5分.结果 比较术前和术后X线片,外侧中心边缘角(CE角)、前方CE角和臼顶倾斜角均有显著改善.所有髂骨截骨均愈合.患者术后末次随访Harris评分平均91.1分.18例患者中的14例对手术效果表示满意.20髋中16髋临床结果优.但有5髋存在畸形矫正不足.结论 伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术是治疗严重髋臼发育不良的有效术式.这一截骨术可以在各个平面对严重的骨缺损进行矫正,中期临床结果令人满意.     

Acetabular development in developmental dysplasia of the hip complicated by lateral growth disturbance of the capital femoral epiphysis

BACKGROUND: Lateral growth disturbance of the capital femoral epiphysis is the most common type of physeal arrest complicating the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia. Although this type of physeal damage has been assumed to result in poor acetabular development, the natural history of dysplastic hips affected by this pattern of growth disturbance is still unclear. To investigate this issue, we evaluated acetabular development in a retrospective study of fifty-eight hips in forty-eight patients who had lateral physeal arrest after management of developmental hip dysplasia. METHODS: Of the fifty-eight hips, thirty-six were reduced closed and twenty-two were reduced open. The average age of the patients was twenty-two months (range, three to ninety-seven months) at the time of the reduction and twenty-one years (range, ten to fifty-five years) at the time of the latest follow-up evaluation. Hips rated as Severin class I (an excellent result) or II (a good result) were defined as having a satisfactory result, and those rated as Severin class III (a fair result) or IV (a poor result) were considered to have an unsatisfactory result. Specific femoral head changes were sought in the complete radiographic files on all hips. Various radiographic parameters of hip integrity, including the degree of lateral tilt of the capital femoral epiphysis, were measured over time, and comparisons were made between hips classified as satisfactory and those classified as unsatisfactory at four time-points: before the reduction, at two years after the reduction, at six to eight years of age, and at the time of the final follow-up. RESULTS: Lateral growth disturbance of the capital femoral epiphysis was first evident by an average of ten years of age (range, four to fourteen years of age). There was no consistent early pattern of changes in the epiphysis, physis, or metaphysis related to later development of valgus tilt of the epiphysis. Thirty-four hips (59 percent) were rated as satisfactory and twenty-four were rated as unsatisfactory at the latest follow-up evaluation. Hips classified as unsatisfactory exhibited poor acetabular development by an average age of seven years. The inclination of the epiphyseal plate became progressively more horizontal or even reversed over time; however, serial measurements of inclination were not significant predictors of Severin classification. CONCLUSIONS: Lateral growth disturbance of the capital femoral epiphysis is not necessarily associated with poor acetabular development, as when dysplasia does occur it is generally evident prior to the identification of the physeal arrest. It is important to monitor acetabular development after reduction rather than search for radiographic changes of physeal arrest, which are difficult to detect in young children.     

Late-diagnosed DDH: a prospective 11-year follow-up of 71 consecutive patients (75 hips)

I have prospectively studied 71 consecutive patients (75 hips) with late-diagnosed DDH (developmental dysplasia of the hip) treated uniformly with special reference to the development of the femoral head and the acetabulum. The age at the start of treatment was 10 (2-64) months. The follow-up time was 11 (6-18) years. After tenotomy and traction, closed reduction failed in 7 hips. These cases were treated by open reduction with or without Salter innominate osteotomy-in 2 hips femoral osteotomy was also done (shortening, varus and derotation). 1 hip subluxated and 1 re-dislocated after closed reduction. Avascular necrosis occurred in 4 hips and additional surgery was required in 12 hips--11 Salter osteotomies, 1 varus femoral osteotomy. In the first year after reduction, the acetabular angle improved rapidly--faster in the younger children. When treatment started between 12 and 22 months, the improvement was slower and the final outcome more unpredictable. The femoral head continued to grow irrespective of the age at reduction and became normal in almost all cases. Salter's innominate osteotomy stabilized hips after open reduction and gave excellent results in cases with an increasing acetabular angle. At the last re-examination, all but 2 patients were asymptomatic. Radiographically, 65 hips were rated Severin group I, 9 group II and 1 group III.     

Surgical correction of residual hip dysplasia in two pediatric age-groups

BACKGROUND: The goal of operative treatment of hip dysplasia or subluxation in children is to normalize the hip joint to delay or prevent the premature onset of osteoarthritis. In theory, intervention in early childhood, when the remodeling potential is greater, should provide the best opportunity for the development of a normal joint. METHODS: To determine the efficacy of early surgical intervention in restoring the normal morphology of the hip, according to radiographic criteria, we reviewed the cases of thirty-six children (fifty hips) with residual dysplasia or subluxation who were managed with either a femoral and/or a pelvic osteotomy when they were between two and eight years old (Group I). The average age at the time of surgery was 3.7 years, and the average duration of follow-up was 4.3 years. We compared these results with those achieved in fourteen patients (eighteen hips) with residual hip dysplasia or subluxation who were treated surgically at an older age, between eight and eighteen years old (Group II). The outcome was assessed with use of clinical as well as multiple radiographic criteria. We believe that a normal relationship between the acetabulum and the femoral head was established when there was an acetabular index of <20 degrees or a Sharp angle of <42 degrees, a center-edge angle of >20 degrees, and an intact Shenton's line. RESULTS: At the time of the latest follow-up, sixteen of the seventeen hips with residual dysplasia that had been treated with pelvic osteotomy alone in Group I and three of four such hips in Group II had a normal relationship between the acetabulum and the femoral head. Normal radiographic findings were noted in fifteen of the seventeen hips with residual subluxation that had been treated with combined femoral and pelvic osteotomies in Group I compared with four of eight such hips in Group II. CONCLUSIONS: We found that residual hip dysplasia or subluxation could be more predictably corrected, with normal radiographic results and with less morbidity and fewer complications, in children who were between two and eight years old than in those who were between eight and eighteen years old. Long-term follow-up is required to confirm whether the improved anatomy and function of the hip that resulted from early correction of residual dysplasia or subluxation lasts into adulthood.     

髂臼成形骨盆截骨术治疗幼儿发育性髋脱位的疗效

目的 探讨髂臼成形(Pemberton)骨盆截骨术治疗幼儿发育性髋脱位(DDH)的疗效.方法 对54例DDH患儿采用Pemberton骨盆截骨术治疗.记录临床随访结果和髋关节解剖结构参数.末次随访时,采用Mckay评估标准评价髋关节功能,采用Severin标准评价髋关节形态和复位情况.结果 单侧DDH患儿均获得9个月随...