有机磷农药中毒病人洗胃方法的探讨

[目的]提高有机磷农药中毒病人抢救成功率。[方法]把169例急性有机磷农药中毒病人按来诊先后随机分组,采用不同洗胃方法进行洗胃并时效果比较分析。[结果]左侧卧位插胃管洗胃、延长胃管插入长度洗胃与低压少量洗胃液洗胃在插胃管、洗胃时间、洗胃效果方面明显优于对照组,有统计学意义。[结论]采用左侧卧位插胃管、延长胃管插入长度至55cm～70cm、低压少量洗胃液反复洗胃,可提高有机磷农药中毒抢救成功率。     

有机磷农药中毒病人洗胃方法的探讨

[目的]提高有机磷农药中毒病人抢救成功率.[方法]把169例急性有机磷农药中毒病人按来诊先后随机分组,采用不同洗胃方法进行洗胃并对效果比较分析.[结果]左侧卧位插胃管洗胃、延长胃管插入长度洗胃与低压少量洗胃液洗胃在插胃管、洗胃时间、洗胃效果方面明显优于对照组,有统计学意义.[结论]采用左侧卧位插胃管、延长胃管插入长度至55 cm～70 cm、低压少量洗胃液反复洗胃,可提高有机磷农药中毒抢救成功率.     

有机磷农药中毒病人洗胃方法的探讨

[目的]提高有机磷农药中毒病人抢救成功率.[方法]把169例急性有机磷农药中毒病人按来诊先后随机分组,采用不同洗胃方法进行洗胃并对效果比较分析.[结果]左侧卧位插胃管洗胃、延长胃管插入长度洗胃与低压少量洗胃液洗胃在插胃管、洗胃时间、洗胃效果方面明显优于对照组,有统计学意义.[结论]采用左侧卧位插胃管、延长胃管插入长度至55 cm～70 cm、低压少量洗胃液反复洗胃,可提高有机磷农药中毒抢救成功率.     

新生儿洗胃插管长度的探讨

目的观察不同胃管置管长度对新生儿洗胃效果的影响。方法将201例咽下综合征患儿分为对照组和观察组,分别用传统的置管长度和鼻尖-耳垂-脐与剑突中点置管长度进行洗胃,并观察洗胃效果。结果观察组洗胃时间、残留洗胃液量、洗胃后再次呕吐率均低于对照组(P0.01)。结论新生儿咽下综合征洗胃采用鼻尖-耳垂-脐与剑突中点置管长度洗胃效果更佳,新生儿更耐受。     

改良洗胃法用于药物中毒患者的临床观察

目的 探讨中毒患者洗胃的最佳方法.方法 对128例口服药物中毒患者,随机分为观察组68例和对照组60例.观察组采用改良法,去枕左侧卧位,并使用塑料口咬协助捕管.置管成功后再延长插入胃管长度10-15 cm,采用低压少量洗胃液反复洗胃;对照组采用传统洗胃法,观察比较2组一次插管成功例数.不良反应及并发症发生情况,并对结果比较分析.结果 2组一次插入胃管成功例数观察组比对照组高,不良反应及并发症发生情况观察组比对照组降低.结论 洗胃时采用去枕左侧卧位,使用甥料口咬协助插管,延长捕胃管长度,并采用低压少量洗胃液反复洗胃的方法,较传统洗胃法一次插胃管成功率高,洗胃速度快,洗胃液引流通畅,对胃黏膜刺激、损伤小,不良反应轻,并发症少,洗胃效果好.     

产时吸净新生儿胃液预防咽下综合征的效果观察

目的:探讨产时吸净新生儿胃液预防新生儿咽下综合征的效果.方法:将新生儿随机分为两组.对照组于娩出后常规清除口鼻咽部及气管的羊水及黏液;干预组在此基础上,将吸痰管从咽部插入胃管,吸净胃液.观察两组新生儿咽下综合征的发生率.结果:对照组发生咽下综合征12例(7.74%),干预组发生4例(2.25%),两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:新生儿娩出时,为其清理呼吸道后再吸净胃液,对预防咽下综合征的发生率具有明显效果.     

窒息新生儿行气管插管后两种置胃管洗胃方法的研究

重度窒息新生儿常并发咽下综合征,近年来学者多主张洗胃,而且早期洗胃效果较好嘲,能清除胃内容物刺激反应,减少咽下综合征。但插胃管常常不顺利,为此,先行气管插管,吸净呼吸道内分泌物后,在保持呼吸道通畅的情况下再插胃管行洗胃,     

樟脑丸可能成为“隐形杀手”

目的：探讨产时吸净新生儿胃液预防新生儿咽下综合征的效果。方法：将新生儿随机分为两组。对照组于娩出后常规清除口鼻咽部及气管的羊水及黏液；干预组在此基础上，将吸痰管从咽部插入胃管，吸净胃液。观察两组新生儿咽下综合征的发生率。结果：对照组发生咽下综合征12例（7．74％），干预组发生4例（2．25％），两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：新生儿娩出时，为其清理呼吸道后再吸净胃液，对预防咽下综合征的发生率具有明显效果。     

窒息新生儿行气管插管后置胃管洗胃的研究

目的:探讨窒息新生儿气管插管后洗胃的临床效果。方法:选择窒息新生儿40例(观察组),应用喉镜下气管插管后行插胃管洗胃操作,并与同期分娩的窒息新生儿43例(对照组)未用喉镜引导进行插管洗胃对比研究。插胃管长度与洗胃方法相同,两组新生儿均排除新生儿胃肠道闭锁畸形、感染性疾病,观察两组插胃管时间、插胃管一次成功率、洗胃效果等指标。结果:两组插管时间经统计学处理差异有意义(t=-4.658,P=0.0000)。插管成功率差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.28,P=0.0000),而洗胃后咽下综合征发生率无差异(χ2=0.7053,P=0.4010)。结论:在插胃管困难的洗胃操作中,应用喉镜引导下插管成功率高,插管时间短,只要操作轻柔很容易实行。     

中药配合体外热疗治疗附件囊肿78例效果观察

洗胃是咽下综合征患儿临床上常用的治疗方法,可明显缩短病程,对预防频繁呕吐所致的新生儿窒息、吸人性肺炎、低血糖等不良反应的发生,促进新生儿体重的回升具有重要意义。在临床实践中,按传统的前额发际一剑突的长度插入胃管后,往往不能到达胃窦,有时不能抽出残留胃液,需要增加插管长度抽吸胃液来验证是否在胃内;另外,在注入一定量的洗胃液后,回抽不出等量的洗胃液,回抽量要明显小于注入量。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.