85例老年结核性胸膜炎的临床分析

目的 总结老年结核性胸膜炎的特点,减少误诊,并探讨治疗方法。方法 对１９９５年１月－１９９８年６月我院住院８５例老年结核性胸膜炎采用回顾性分析。结果 症状不典型（无胸疼６９．４％,无胸闷６５．８％,无发热５６．５％）较多见;并发症多;实验室检查无特异;易延误诊断;ＣＴ检查及胸膜助诊断。结论掌握老年结核性胸膜炎临床特点,地疑难病应适时进行ＣＴ检查及胸膜活检,以减少误诊,合理治疗、可取得较好疗效。     

老年结核性胸膜炎临床及胸腔镜下表现分析

目的 总结老年结核性胸膜炎临床特点和胸腔镜下表现特征,提高胸腔镜检查对老年结核性胸膜炎诊断价值的认识. 方法 回顾性分析41例通过内科可弯曲胸腔镜检查和组织活检确诊的老年结核性胸膜炎临床资料和胸腔镜下表现特征. 结果 老年结核性胸膜炎临床表现不典型,以咳嗽(75.6%)和胸闷、气促(87.8%)出现比例最高,并存病多(85.4%),误诊率高(68.3%).镜下表现小点状结节41.5%,单发、多发结节26.8%,胸膜充血、水肿19.5%,胸膜肥厚、粘连12.2%,病变部位分布于后胸壁壁层胸膜46.3%,前胸壁壁层胸膜12.2%,侧胸壁壁层胸膜7.3%,膈胸膜7.3%,弥漫型19.5%,脏层胸膜 7.3%,无1例发生严重并发症. 结论 老年结核性胸膜炎临床表现缺乏特异性,应尽早行内科胸腔镜检查明确诊断.     

老年结核性胸膜炎临床特点

目的通过对老年结核性胸膜炎的临床症状、合并症、实验室检查、影像检查、延误诊情况进行分析,探讨老年结核性胸膜炎临床发病特点。方法对62例年龄在60岁及以上的结核性胸膜炎患者的临床资料进行分析。结果①临床症状不典型,以纳差、咳嗽咳痰及痰中带血较常见,与对照组比较P〈0.05。②合并症多,占87.7%,以心脑血管病最多见。③实验室检查无特异性。④胸部CT提示：胸膜粘连、肥厚明显,占58.1%。⑤就诊延误率达87.1%,就诊时间超过30天者明显高于对照组。结论掌握老年结核性胸膜炎临床发病特点,早期诊断,减少误诊,提高防治效果。     

胸膜活检标本行基因扩增对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的 评价胸膜活检组织行聚合酶链反应(PCR)对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值?方法 PCR检测65例胸膜活检组织中结核分枝杆菌DNA,并与胸水检测及胸膜活检组织病检对比?结果 胸膜活检组织PCR阳性率831%,胸水PCR阳性率为631%,胸膜活检组织病检阳性率为60.0%?前者较后两者更敏感?结论 胸膜活检组织PCR检测对结核性胸膜炎有较高的诊断价值?     

胸腔镜胸膜活检联合外周血T-spot-TB试验对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值分析

目的分析胸腔镜胸膜活检联合外周血T-SPOT-TB试验对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值。方法2012年2月-2015年4月解放军第210医院呼吸内科就诊的疑似结核性胸膜炎患者98例,根据《肺结核诊断和治疗指南》确诊为结核性胸膜炎患者60例,非结核性胸膜炎患者38例。98例患者先后行胸腔镜胸膜活检和外周血T-SPOT-TB试验,比较单独行T-SPOT-TB试验检查和联合检查的准确性。结果(1)60例已确诊为结核性胸膜炎的患者经单独T-SPOT-TB试验检查和联合检查,联合检查的敏感度为93.33%,高于单独T-SPOT-TB试验检查80.00%和单独胸腔镜胸膜活检60.00%,两者差异均有显著性(P0.05)。(2)38例确诊为非结核性胸膜炎的患者分别经单独T-SPOT-TB试验检查和联合检查,联合检查的特异度为97.37%,明显高于单独T-SPOT-TB试验检查81.58%和单独胸腔镜胸膜活检65.79%,两者差异均有显著性(P0.05)。(3)联合检查的阳性预测值为98.24%,明显高于单独T-SPOT-TB试验检查87.27%和单独胸腔镜胸膜活检73.47%,两者差异有显著性(P0.05)。(4)联合检查的阴性预测值为90.24%,明显高于单独T-SPOT-TB试验检查72.09%和单独胸腔镜胸膜活检51.02%,两者差异有显著性(P0.05)。(5)联合检查的诊断率为94.90%,明显高于单独T-SPOT-TB试验检查80.61%和单独胸腔镜胸膜活检62.24%,两者差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论胸腔镜胸膜活检联合外周血结核感染T细胞体外释放酶链免疫试验的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断率均高于单独应用外周血结核感染T细胞体外释放酶链免疫试验,联合检验对结核性胸膜炎有较高的诊断价值。     

结核性胸膜炎超声诊断、分型及介入治疗专家共识(2022年版)

结核性胸膜炎是结核分枝杆菌侵犯胸膜腔发生高强度变态反应引起的胸膜炎症,属于肺结核的一种,临床现阶段认为是渗出性胸腔积液产生的最主要原因之一。结核性胸膜炎未经及时有效的诊断及治疗,可导致严重通气功能障碍及肺功能损害。胸部超声目前是结核性胸膜炎诊断及评估的首选影像学方法,超声引导下胸膜穿刺活检获得病原学和病理组织学阳性证据是结核性胸膜炎确诊的标准之一,依据超声不同征象对结核性胸膜炎进行分型及治疗,可有效提高治愈率,减少并发症,降低复发率。由于不同医院和检查者之间的检查方法、诊断结果及治疗方案存在一定差异,不利于结核性胸膜炎患者的综合管理。因此,本共识介绍了超声引导下胸膜穿刺活检、结核性胸膜炎超声分型及不同分型的临床介入治疗,旨在针对不同病程分期的结核性胸膜炎患者进行精准化、规范化、合理化的超声诊疗。     

经皮细针穿刺胸膜活检在结核性胸膜炎诊断中的价值

目的探讨经皮细针穿刺胸膜活检在结核性胸膜炎诊断中的价值。方法对134例结核性胸膜炎患者经皮细针穿刺胸膜活检的病理诊断阳性率进行总结,分析影响阳性率的因素及胸膜活检的并发症。结果 134例患者共进行胸膜活检148次,总活检阳性率47.7%（64/134）。术中并发胸膜反应2例（1.35%）,气胸4例（2.70%）,无出血、术后感染等并发症。结论胸膜活检操作简单,安全、并发症少,在结核性胸膜炎的诊断中具有重要的应用价值。     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤的临床特点及鉴别诊断

目的探讨恶性胸膜间皮瘤的临床特点及其鉴别诊断。方法对山东省胸科医院2009年1月至2013年12月确诊的30例恶性胸膜间皮瘤及同期住院的30例肺腺癌胸膜转移及30例结核性胸膜炎的临床表现,影像学特点,实验室检查,胸腔镜下表现进行对比和分析。结果恶性胸膜间皮瘤的临床症状同结核性胸膜炎及肺腺癌胸膜转移组患者相比缺乏特异性。影像学表现中环状胸膜增厚,病侧肺容积小,纵隔固定在恶性胸膜间皮瘤中相对常见。实验室检查中恶性胸膜间皮瘤无特异性检查指标,肺腺癌胸膜转移患者血及胸水癌胚抗原(CEA)明显升高,胸水找肿瘤细胞阳性率高;结核性胸膜炎胸水腺苷酸脱氨酶是相对特异性指标。胸腔镜下表现中恶性胸膜间皮瘤主要表现为弥漫胸膜增厚及大小不等的结节,有的呈大的肿块样改变,质地相对较硬。肺腺癌胸膜转移主要表现为不同程度的胸膜增厚及孤立或多发小结节,部分可融合呈桑葚或菜花状,易于取病理。结核性胸膜炎以充血、水肿,黏连和分隔,包裹为主要表现,可见有粟粒状小结节分布。胸腔镜多点取材并行免疫组化各组病例均明确诊断。结论恶性胸膜间皮瘤临床表现缺乏特异性,易于误诊为肺腺癌胸膜转移及结核性胸膜炎,内科胸腔镜检查可准确诊断恶性胸膜间皮瘤等胸膜疾病,减少误诊。     

不同年龄段结核性胸膜炎患者临床分析

目的探讨不同年龄段结核性胸膜炎患者的临床特征及胸腔积液特点。方法回顾性分析186例结核性胸膜炎患者,其中青年患者(<40岁)96例、中年患者(40～65岁)66例,老年患者(≥65岁)24例。结果青年患者临床主要症状为发热、胸痛;而老年患者主要症状为胸闷、气短、消瘦,双侧胸腔积液及血性胸腔积液、PPD及胸腔积液结核抗体阴性比例高;老年患者胸腔积液中白细胞数较少,C反应蛋白(CRP)低于青年患者,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)高于青年患者;各组患者血清及胸腔积液中CA125、CA50及CA199升高无明显鉴别意义。结论中老年结核性胸膜炎患者临床特点及免疫反应不典型,极易误诊,需注意进行胸腔积液的理化和相关指标的检测,必要时可试验性抗结核治疗,疗效欠佳时需行胸膜活检等相应检查。     

针刺胸膜活检对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

针刺胸膜活检对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值同济医科大学附属同济医院内科熊盛道，牛汝楫针刺胸膜活检对胸腔积液的病因诊断极具价值，我院自１９８９年１０月至１９９０年１０月对３０例胸腔积液患者进行针刺胸膜活检，报道如下。对象和方法不加选择对经Ｘ线和超声检查证实胸...     

A clinical study of tuberculous pleurisy

A clinical study of 38 patients (28 men and 10 women) with tuberculous pleurisy was conducted. The age of these patients ranged from 19 to 92 years, with an average age of 48.9 years. In 30 patients, the chief complaint was fever, and other common complaints included chest pain, dyspnea, and coughing. Bacillus tuberculosis was found in the pleural fluid of 7.9% of the patients. Tuberculous pleurisy was diagnosed histologically, based on pleural biopsy, in 23.7% of the patients. The diagnosis rate of pleural biopsy was 47.4%. There were no significant differences in results of blood and pleural fluid tests between idiopathic pleurisy and concomitant pleurisy, but the tuberculin skin test was positive in only 50% of the patients with concomitant pleurisy. The tendency was that the longer the time period between symptom onset and first examination, the greater the pleural fluid retention. The diagnosis rate of pleural biopsy was influenced by the severity of pleural fluid retention. A thoracic cavity drain was inserted for continuous drainage in 15 patients, and every patient underwent INH + RFP-based chemotherapy. Tuberculous pleurisy is an important disease among patients with pleural fluid retention, thus clinicians need to know how to treat this disease.     

A clinical study of tuberculous pleurisy]

Forty-eight cases of tuberculous pleurisy were examined and the following results were obtained. (1) Most of the patients were male, and there was no significant age and underlying diseases. (2) Fever and chest pain were observed mainly in younger patients, and sputum and dyspnea in older patients. (3) All of the cases examined had exudative pleural effusion, and increased ADA activity was frequently observed. (4) Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in the sputum of 65%, and also in the pleural effusion of 28% of the patients. The pathological diagnosis of tuberculosis was made by pleural biopsy in 83% of the patients, suggesting that pleural biopsy is very useful in the diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy. (5) The prognosis of the patients with tuberculosis pleurisy was good. Steroid therapy was generally ineffective.     

Evaluation of 105 cases with tuberculous pleurisy

Tuberculous pleurisy has still importance in the group of exudative pleurisy. In this study we aimed to evaluate clinical, radiological, biochemical, bacteriological and histopathological findings of 105 cases with tuberculous pleurisy retrospectively, between January 1999 and December 2002. Female/male ratio was approximately 1/9 and mean age was 32.6 (range: 15-68). The common symptoms were chest pain (75.2%), cough (54.3%) and dyspnea (47.6%). In 17% cases parenchymal lesions were seen in the chest radiography while parenchymal lesions were found 52% of patients by computed tomography. Adenosine deaminase levels in pleural fluid were high in 80% of cases. PPD reactions was found positive in 84.7% of case. Sputum was studied in 52 cases. In 6 (11.5%) patients both ARB and culture were positive but in 4 (7.7%) patients was only culture positive. Pleural fluid ARB examination of all patients was negative whereas culture was positive only in 5 (5%) of patients. In two patients pleural biopsy material culture was positive for ARB. Cytological examination of pleural fluid revealed lymphocyte predominance in 81 (81%) of cases. Eighty one patients had pleural biopsy and pathologic evaluation revealed tuberculosis in 59 (73%) of them. At the end of the treatment 24 (23%) patients had pleural thickening. Pleural fluid LDH level of the patients with pleural thickening was higher than the other patients significantly (p=0.024). It is concluded that, pleural biopsy is the most effective diagnostic method for the tuberculous pleurisy and in the patient with elevated pleural LDH level, pleural thickening seems more.     

多种抗结核分支杆菌抗体和胸膜活检对结核性胸膜炎诊断价值

目的　探讨多种抗结核分支杆菌抗体和胸膜活检术对结核性胸膜炎诊断价值。方法 对121例结核性胸膜炎(合并肺结核60例),44例癌性胸液患者进行血清、胸液四项抗结核抗体测定(抗PPD-IgG、LAM-IgG卡、TB-Dot卡、ICT-TB卡),对72例结核性胸膜炎病人进行胸膜活检病理检查。结果 血清四项抗体检测结核组阳性率分别为75.6%、30.7%、44.7%、35.1%;癌性组为43.2%、17.1%、11.4%、2.6%。胸液四项抗体检测结核组阳性率分别为81.7%、24.0%、27.1%、22.7%;癌性组为51.2%、14.7%、5.9%、2.8%。血清和胸液结核组均比癌性组高,合并肺结核高于单纯性胸膜炎组。敏感性以抗PPD-IgG为最高,但特异性差(血清56.8%,胸液48.8%),与癌性胸水存在明显交叉;LAM-IgG卡、TB-Dot卡、ICT-TB卡,特异性血清分别为82.9%、88.6%、97.4%,胸液为85.3%、94.1%、97.2%,比抗PPD-IgG高,但敏感性较低。胸液抗体检测阳性率除抗PPD-IgG外略低于血清。以抗PPD-IgG加TB-Dot卡(A组)或抗PPD-IgG与ICT-TB卡(B组)两项阳性组合,且两项均阳性时,特异性,血清可达94.3%～100%,胸液可达91.4%～97.2%。阳性率,血清为43.0%～42.98%,胸液为23.7%～17.2%,可提供临床鉴别诊断参考。胸膜活检72例,阳性34例（47.2%),活检阳性与病程密切相关,发病2个月内活检阳性率最高75.5%(25/34)。结论 胸膜活检病理学诊断在结核性胸膜炎诊断上有重要价值,多项抗体联合测定对结核性胸膜炎诊断有一定参考意义。     

老年结核性胸膜炎临床分析

目的探讨老年结核性胸膜炎患者的临床特征。方法回顾性分析123例结核性胸膜炎患者,其中老年结核性胸膜炎患者60例,青年结核性胸膜炎患者63例。结果老年结核性胸膜炎患者以咳嗽、咳痰、气短、胸痛为主要表现,而消瘦、盗汗、乏力、纳差等结核中毒症状不明显。老年患者合并肺部病变较多。实验室及辅助检查无特异,PPD强阳性率低,血性胸水多见。治疗后胸水吸收较慢,易出现胸膜肥厚及包裹,药物不良反应发生率高,治愈率低于青年组。结论掌握老年结核性胸膜炎的临床特点,综合分析,早期诊断,合理治疗,可以取得较好疗效。     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤合并肺结核/结核性胸腔积液的临床特征分析

目的:分析恶性胸膜间皮瘤(MPM)合并肺结核/结核性胸腔积液(TPE)患者的临床特征,以加强对该类疾病的认识,减少误诊误治。方法:收集首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院2012年2月至2020年2月MPM并肺结核/TPE患者病例资料14例,回顾性分析其临床症状、体征、实验室检查,胸部影像特征等,以总结其特点。结果:剧烈且进行...     

结核性胸膜炎患者胸腔镜下的表型特征分析

目的观察结核性胸膜炎患者胸腔镜下的表现,提高对其特点的认识,并评价胸腔镜检查的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析48例经内科电子胸腔镜确诊的结核性胸膜炎患者胸膜病变的镜下形态和分布特点。结果结核性胸膜炎患者胸腔镜下主要有四种形态多发、单发结节(21例,43.75%);胸膜弥漫性分布的粟粒样改变(14例,29.17%);胸膜充血、水肿(8例,16.67%);胸膜增厚、纤维粘连(5例,10.42%)。壁层胸膜18例(占37.50%);脏层胸膜10例(占20.83%);膈胸膜6例(占12.50%);弥漫性分布14例(占29.17%)。无1例发生严重并发症。结论电子胸腔镜检查安全,在结核性胸腔积液的诊断中具有重要的应用价值。     

超声引导下改良胸膜活检术对诊断原因不明胸腔积液的临床观察(附49例临床分析)

目的 观察超声引导下改良胸膜活检术对原因不明胸腔积液诊断中的价值.方法 使用改良胸膜活检术对49例不明原因胸腔积液患者进行胸膜活检术.结果 所有患者胸膜活检均成功,其中间皮瘤3例,低分化癌6例,腺癌7例,未分型4例,结核18例,慢性炎症11例(经治疗最终证实为结核),病理确诊率77.6％,仅2例出现胸膜反应,未出现局部出血及气胸.结论 超声引导下改良胸膜活检术安全、方便,对胸腔积液确诊率高、并发症少.