一个新的胃癌预后记分(英文)

Objective:The lack of a simple criterion for gastric carcinoma creates a persistent challenge for clinicians trying to provide patients with useful prognostic information.The aim of this study was to identify baseline prognostic factors,and use this information to establish a simple criterion to predict outcome in gastric carcinoma.Methods:Between 2005 and 2010, 155 patients with gastric carcinoma,were enrolled.Clinicopathologic prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.Resul...     

A modified prognostic score for patients with curatively resected gastric cancer

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide; the risk of dying depends on several patient and disease characteristics. An existing prognostic score predicts survival in gastric cancer patients undergoing curative resection based on patient age, tumor site, extent of wall invasion and nodal status, categorized as simply as negative or positive. METHODS: Our aim was to modify the original prognostic score by incorporating information on nodal stage according to the latest TNM classification (number of involved nodes), based on a retrospective series of 610 chemotherapy-naive gastric cancer patients recruited to a surgical clinical trial. We then tested the modified score on an independent series of 136 gastric cancer patients. RESULTS: Nodal stage added significant prognostic information to the nodal status classification (P < 0.001), and was therefore included in the modified score. With the latter, we were able to identify three risk groups with overall five-year survival varying from more than 70% to less than 30%. The prognostic performance of the modified score was better than that achieved with the AJCC-UICC TNM staging. CONCLUSIONS: The modified score, based on established prognostic factors, is proposed as a simple tool for prognostic grouping of gastric cancer patients undergoing curative surgery.     

The development of a prognostic score for patients with parotid carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Understanding of prognostic factors in parotid carcinoma has grown considerably. In particular, clinical tumor staging and histologic classification have been found to be prognostically important. Univariate and multivariate analyses have indicated that other variables, such as age, pain, skin invasion, and facial nerve impairment, are important predictors as well. In an actual patient, some of these factors are present and others are absent. However, a clinical tool incorporating this information, resulting in an individualized prognosis based on the combined effects of present adverse prognostic factors, has never been devised. METHODS: Of a cohort of 168 patients, 151 were evaluated to assess the prognostic value of clinical and pathologic factors in a multivariate proportional hazards analysis. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 278 months (median, 37 months). The end point was tumor recurrence. Identified prognostic factors and their hazard ratios were combined into prognostic scores. RESULTS: Clinical T classification, clinical N classification, pain, age at diagnosis, skin invasion, facial nerve dysfunction, perineural growth, and positive surgical margins acted as major factors predicting recurrence. A prognostic score (PS), generated by the weighted combination of the factors present in the individual patient, placed the patient in one of four subgroups with markedly different prognoses. In the subgroups based on the preoperative prognostic score, 5-year recurrence free percentages ranged from 92% (in the group PS1=1) to 23% (in PS1=4). In the subgroups based on the postoperative prognostic score, which took into account the histologic details of the resected specimen, 5-year recurrence free percentages ranged from 95% (in the group PS2=1) to 42% (in PS2=4). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed subgrouping, which is based on the combined effects of key prognostic preoperative and postoperative factors, provides a practical prognostic grouping system for the clinician treating patients with parotid carcinoma.     

Prognostic importance of the inflammation-based Glasgow prognostic score in patients with gastric cancer

Background:

The inflammation-based Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) has been shown to be a prognostic factor for a variety of tumours. This study investigates the significance of the modified GPS (mGPS) for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

Methods:

The mGPS (0=C-reactive protein (CRP)⩽10 mg l⁻¹, 1=CRP>10 mg l⁻¹ and 2=CRP>10 mg l⁻¹ and albumin<35 g l⁻¹) was calculated on the basis of preoperative data for 1710 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery between January 2000 and December 2007. Patients were given an mGPS of 0, 1 or 2. The prognostic significance was analysed by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:

Increased mGPS was associated with male patient, old age, low body mass index, increased white cell count and neutrophils, elevated carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19-9 and advanced tumour stage. Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test revealed that a higher mGPS predicted a higher risk of postoperative mortality in both relative early-stage (stage I; P<0.001) and advanced-stage cancer (stage II, III and IV; P<0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated the mGPS to be a risk factor for postoperative mortality (odds ratio 1.845; 95% confidence interval 1.184–2.875; P=0.007).

Conclusion:

The preoperative mGPS is a simple and useful prognostic factor for postoperative survival in patients with gastric cancer.     

Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Proteinuria in Patients with Gastric Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the epidemiological and prognostic significance of proteinuria in patients with gastric cancer (GC).METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the frequency of proteinuria in patients with GC and analyzed its relationship with the GC biological characteristics, treatment and survival.RESULTS Proteinuria incidence in GC patients was 24.06%, which was significantly higher than that found in a control group (P＜0.01); the frequency of proteinuria was significantly correlated with an advanced disease stage(P＜0.01). We also found that the post-treatment mean value of proteinuria was remarkably lower than the pre-treatment value (P＜0.001). KaplanMeier analysis revealed a significant correlation between proteinuria and survival of GC patients (P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the TNM stage, lymph node status and proteinuria may serve as independent prognostic markers in patients with GC (P ＜0.01).CONCLUSION A high prevalence of increased urinary protein excretion was observed in GC patients complicated with nephritis. Proteinuria may be used as one of the prognostic markers for patients with GC.     

APRI评分对HBV相关肝细胞癌切除术患者预后的预测价值

目的:评估天冬氨酸转氨酶与血小板计数比值指数（APRI）对HBV相关肝细胞癌（HCC）切除术患者术后总生存率（OS）的预测价值。方法:采用回顾性队列研究方法,收集2012年1月至2016年12月期间在广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院行切除术治疗的1 031例HBV相关HCC患者的术前临床资料。通过Kaplan-Meier生存曲线确定APRI评分的cutoff值。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制不同APRI组患者的生存曲线,并通过Log-rank检验评估两组人群的生存差异。运用逐步多因素Cox回归筛选患者OS独立影响因素。采用限制性立方条图（RCS)评价患者APRI与死亡风险的相关性。建立列线图模型评估APRI对OS的预测能力并内部验证。结果:RCS显示APRI与死亡风险呈非线性关联（非线性P＜0.001）。多因素Cox回归结果显示:APRI、BCLC分期、AFP、性别和肿瘤大小是OS独立影响因素,高APRI组死亡风险是低APRI组2.1倍。患者OS的列线图显示APRI对OS的预测能力仅次于BCLC分期。在建模组和验证组中预测OS列线图的C-index分别为0.71（95%CI:0.68~0.74）、0.69（95%CI:0.64~0.75）;1和5年OS校正曲线显示列线图具有良好的校准度;临床决策曲线（DCA）显示模型具有良好的临床应用价值。结论:APRI是HBV相关HCC切除术患者OS独立影响因素,基于APRI对患者预后进行分层,有利于进行个体化治疗和随访。     

An internally validated new clinical and inflammation-based prognostic score for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib

Background

Sorafenib is a standard treatment for patients (pts) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC), although the clinical benefit is heterogeneous between different pts groups. Among novel prognostic factors, a low baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (bNLR) and early-onset diarrhoea have been linked with a better prognosis.

Purpose

To identify prognostic factors in pts with aHCC treated with 1st-line sorafenib and to develop a new prognostic score to guide management.

Materials and methods

Retrospective review of 145 pts bNLR, overall toxicity, early toxicity rates and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for OS was performed. The prognostic score was calculated from the coefficients found in the Cox analysis. ROC curves and pseudoR2 index were used for internal validation. Discrimination ability and calibration were tested by Harrel’s c-index (HCI) and Akaike criteria (AIC).

Results

The optimal bNLR cut-off for the prediction of OS was 4 (AUC 0.62). Independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis for OS were performance status (PS) (p < .0001), Child–Pugh (C–P) score (p = 0.005), early-onset diarrhoea (p = 0.006) and BNLR (0.011). The prognostic score based on these four variables was found efficient (HCI = 0.659; AIC = 1.180). Four risk groups for OS could be identified: a very low-risk (median OS = 48.6 months), a low-risk (median OS = 11.6 months), an intermediate-risk (median OS = 8.3 months) and a high-risk group (median OS = 4.4 months).

Conclusions

PS and C–P score were the main prognostic factors for OS, followed by early-onset diarrhoea and bNLR. We identified four risk groups for OS depending on these parameters. This prognostic model could be useful for patient stratification, but an external validation is needed.

     

Adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy for gastric carcinoma with poor prognostic signs

Fifty-seven patients with poor prognostic factors following resection with curative intent for gastric adenocarcinoma (T3 or T4, positive lymph nodes, positive resection line) received adjuvant radiotherapy. A dose of 30.0-50.0 Gy was given in 10-25 fractions in one course or with a split of 2 weeks after 15 fractions. This was combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (375 mg/m2) given i.v. as a bolus during the first 4 days of radiation (n = 49). The 5-year survival was 26%; this rate is higher than the figures mentioned in the literature after surgery alone. The only way to prove the role of adjuvant radiotherapy for gastric carcinoma is a prospective randomized trial.     

Design of a prognostic index score for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The survival outcome of patients with systemic cancer differs significantly between individuals even within the same tumour type. We set out to illustrate this by analysing the factors determining survival in patients with metastatic disease from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to design a scoring system based on these prognostic factors. Patients referred between January 1994 and December 1999 were retrospectively analysed. Factors analysed included patient (age group, gender, performance status (BS) at diagnosis of metastases), disease (number of metastatic sites, specific metastatic sites, disease-free interval (DFI), metastases at presentation, presence of locoregional recurrence), and laboratory factors (leucocyte count, haemoglobin level, albumin level). Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed using the Cox proportion hazards model. A numerical score was derived from the regression coefficients of each independent prognostic variable. The prognostic index score (PIS) of each patient was calculated by totalling up the scores of each independent variable. Independently significant, negative prognostic factors were liver metastasis, lung metastasis, anaemia, poor PS, distant metastasis at initial diagnosis, and a DFI of <6 months. Three prognostic groups based on the PIS were obtained: (i) good risk (PIS=0-6); (ii) intermediate risk (7-10); (iii) poor risk (>or=11). The median survivals for these groups were 19.5, 10, and 5.8, months, respectively, (log rank test: P<0.0001). The variable prognosis of patients with disseminated NPC can be assessed by using easily available clinical information (patient, disease and laboratory factors). The PIS system will need to be validated on prospectively collected data of another cohort of patients.     

影响根治术后胃癌预后的多因素分析

背景与目的:能否行根治性手术切除是影响胃癌预后的重要因素,但施行根治性手术的胃癌患者的远期疗效不尽相同。本研究的目的就是探讨影响胃癌预后的有关因素。方法:回顾性分析我院1985年1月～1995年12月收治的全部行胃癌根治性手术的405例患者的临床资料,采用生命表法进行生存率分析,W ilcoxon秩和检验进行统计学比较,应用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析。结果:全组总的5年生存率为43.4%;术后病理分期(pathological TNM,pTNM)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的患者5年生存率分别为75.6%、58.7%、28.0%、18.4%(P<0.01);肿瘤大小<2.0cm、2.0～3.9cm、4.0～5.9cm、6.0～7.9cm、≥8.0cm组的患者5年生存率分别为82.0%、57.4%、43.7%、38.7%、26.9%(P<0.05);有、无辅加围手术期化疗的患者5年生存率分别为47.2%和37.8%。单因素分析表明,围手术期化疗、Borrm ann分型、肿瘤大小、组织学类型、pTNM分期是影响胃癌预后的相关因素。多因素分析显示,pTNM分期、肿瘤大小及围手术期化疗是影响胃癌预后的独立因素。结论:pTNM分期、肿瘤大小及围手术期化疗是影响胃癌根治术预后的最重要因素;施行以手术为中心的围手术期化疗,有助于提高胃癌患者的生存率。     

影响胃神经内分泌癌预后因素的分析

目的 探讨影响胃神经内分泌癌患者预后的因素。方法 回顾性分析2006年5月至2011年7月38例经手术切除、病理学检查证实为胃神经内分泌癌患者的临床病理资料和随访情况。单因素生存分析用Kaplan-Meier法,预后多因素分析用Cox风险比例模型。结果 38例患者均获得随访,中位生存时间为25个月,1、3和5年生存率分别为71.1％、26.3％和15.8％。单因素和多因素分析均显示,病理分期、肿瘤最大直径和手术方式是影响胃神经内分泌癌预后的独立因素,而性别、年龄与预后无关。结论 病理分期、肿瘤直径和手术方式是胃神经内分泌癌的预后影响因素。早期诊断和根治性手术有助于提高患者的术后生存率。     

Validation of a new prognostic index score for disseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma have variable survival outcomes. We previously designed a scoring system to better prognosticate these patients. Here, we report results on validation of this new prognostic index score in a separate cohort of patients. Clinical features and laboratory parameters were examined in 172 patients with univariate and multivariate analyses and a numerical score was derived for each independent prognostic variable. Significant independent prognostic variables and their scores assigned included poor performance status (score 5), haemoglobin < 12 g dl(-1) (score 4) and disease-free interval (DFI) (DFI < or = 6 months (score 10) or metastases at initial diagnosis (score 1)). Maximum score was 19 and patients stratified into three prognostic groups: good, 0-3; intermediate, 4-8; poor, > or = 9. When applied to a separate cohort of 120 patients, 59 patients were good, 43 intermediate and 18 poor prognosis, with median survivals of 19.6 (95% CI 16.1, 23.1), 14.3 (95% CI 12.3, 16.2) and 7.9 (95% CI 6.6, 9.2) months, respectively. (logrank test: P = 0.003). We have validated a new prognostic score with factors readily available in the clinics. This simple score will prove useful as a method to prognosticate and stratify patients as well as to promote consistent reporting among clinical trials.     

伴血小板增多胃癌患者临床病理特征及预后因素分析

目的 分析伴血小板（platelets,PLT）增多胃癌患者临床病理特征及预后的影响因素。 方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年1月在我院接受手术治疗胃癌患者的临床病理资料,并探讨影响患者预后的因素。依据患者术前PLT水平分为观察组（PLT≥400×10⁹/L）51例和对照组（PLT＜400×10⁹/L）49例。结果 观察组肿瘤大小＞5 cm、临床TNM分期Ⅲ期的患者比例高于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组患者在组织类型、肿瘤分化程度、是否合并血管癌栓、有无淋巴结转移等方面比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。观察组患者凝血酶原时间（prothrombin time,PT）显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,而D-二聚体（d-dimer,D-D）及纤维蛋白原（fibrnogen,FIB）水平显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组术后2年生存率显著低于对照组（64.71% vs 83.67%,χ²＝4.439,P=0.035）。单因素分析显示肿瘤大小、临床TNM分期、伴血小板增多、年龄、术后辅助化疗可能与患者预后有关（P＜0.05）;多因素分析显示,临床TNM分期（HR＝1.135,95% CI：1.077~1.196,P＜0.001）、伴PLT增多（HR＝1.443,95%CI：1.298~1.604,P＜0.001）是影响胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素,而术后化疗（HR＝0.822,95%CI：0.754~0.896,P＜0.001）则是保护因素。结论 伴PLT增多是影响胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素,伴PLT增多胃癌患者可能存在凝血功能障碍,肿瘤进展更快。     

格拉斯哥预后评分在鼻咽癌预后评估中的作用

目的 探讨格拉斯哥预后评分(GPS)在鼻咽癌患者预后评估中的作用。方法 回顾性分析2012—2013年间在江南大学附属医院接受根治性放疗的129例鼻咽癌患者,收集患者临床病理特征包括性别、年龄、TNM分期、病理分型、治疗方案等,计算患者放疗前及放疗结束后3个月GPS。生存率计算采用Kaplan-Meier法,Cox模型预后因素分析。利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)评价临床指标对预后的预测能力。结果 中位随访时间89.0个月(5.1~104.6个月),129例患者5年无进展生存率(PFS)79.8%,5年总生存率(OS)84.5%。放疗后3个月GPS 0、1、2分组5年PFS率分别为85.6%、61.1%、33.3%,5年OS率分别为90.4%、66.7%、33.3%(P<0.01)。放疗后3个月GPS、临床分期(Ⅰ-Ⅲ期∶ⅣA期)及是否同步化疗均与患者PFS、OS相关(均P<0.01)。ROC曲线显示放疗后3个月GPS及临床分期预测OS的AUC值分别为0.694和0.815,两者联合AUC值达0.860。结论 放疗后3个月,高GPS是鼻咽癌患者独立预后不良因子,GPS联合临床分期可更加准确预测鼻咽癌患者预后。     

Combined evaluation of centromere protein H and Ki-67 as prognostic biomarker for patients with gastric carcinoma

Aim

Centromere protein H (CENP-H) is one of the essential components of the human active kinetochore which close links with carcinogenesis. Its expression and clinical value of prognostic prediction for gastric cancer (GC) is unclear.

Methods

CENP-H and Ki-67 expressions in specimens from 166 patients with GC were determined by tissue microarrays and immunostaining. Their correlations between patients' clinicopathologic features and prognosis were explored. For mechanisms, quantitative CENP-H examination on gastric cancer tissue and cell lines was performed via real-time quantitative PCR and Western Blot. Its effect on Survivin expression and cell function was evaluated via CENP-H knocking down (SiRNA) or overexpression.

Results

Highly expression of CENP-H was found in 85 of 166 GC, showing a significant correlation with tumour size, depth of infiltration, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and UICC staging of gastric carcinoma (P < 0.05), as well as clinical prognosis (coefficient = 0.550, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that combined CENP-H and Ki67 expression was a more valuable independent prognostic predictor for patients' survival (hazard ratio, 2.18; P = 0.0109). Furthermore, total mRNA and protein expression of CENP-H in GC tissue and cell lines were noticeably increased. Survivin expression and cell function including growth, proliferation and clonogenic ability could be inhibited by CENP-H siRNA or enhanced by overexpressing CENP-H.

Conclusion

High expression of CENP-H in GC indicates poor prognosis and Survivin may mediate its procancer role. Combined evaluation of CENP-H and Ki-67 aids in predicting the clinical prognosis.     

Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is a prognostic marker for gastric cancer patients after curative resection

Background

Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT), as calculated from serum albumin, total cholesterol concentration, and total lymphocyte count, was previously shown to be useful for nutritional assessment. The current study investigated the potential use of CONUT as a prognostic marker in gastric cancer patients after curative resection.

Methods

Preoperative CONUT was retrospectively calculated in 416 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection at Kumamoto University Hospital from 2005 to 2014. The patients were divided into two groups: CONUT-high (≥4) and CONUT-low (≤3), according to time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The associations of CONUT with clinicopathological factors and survival were evaluated.

Results

CONUT-high patients were significantly older (p < 0.001) and had a lower body mass index (p = 0.019), deeper invasion (p < 0.001), higher serum carcinoembryonic antigen (p = 0.037), and higher serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (p = 0.007) compared with CONUT-low patients. CONUT-high patients had significantly poorer overall survival (OS) compared with CONUT-low patients according to univariate and multivariate analyses (hazard ratio: 5.09, 95% confidence interval 3.12–8.30, p < 0.001). In time-dependent ROC analysis, CONUT had a higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the prediction of 5-year OS than the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, the Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, or pStage. When the time-dependent AUC curve was used to predict OS, CONUT tended to maintain its predictive accuracy for long-term survival at a significantly higher level for an extended period after surgery when compared with the other markers tested.

Conclusions

CONUT is useful for not only estimating nutritional status but also for predicting long-term OS in gastric cancer patients after curative resection.

     

Preoperative serum interleukin-18 level as a postoperative prognostic marker in patients with gastric carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a recently described cytokine produced mainly by macrophages, stimulates interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by natural killer cells and T cells. Although it has been reported that serum IL-18 levels are higher in patients with advanced tuberculosis and acute graft-versus-host disease compared with normal controls, the authors found no reports regarding serum IL-18 levels in patients with malignant solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine serum IL-18 levels and their clinical significance in patients with gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 94 patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent curative surgery and from 50 healthy volunteers. The serum IL-18 level, the IFN-gamma, level, and the Helicobacter pylori (HP) serology status were determined in each sample with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The mean serum IL-18 level for all patients was significantly higher compared with the mean level in healthy volunteers (P < 0.01). IFN-gamma titers were below the level of detection in all samples tested. When the patients were subdivided into groups, it was found that the serum IL-18 level in patients with Stage II and III disease was significantly higher compared with the level found in healthy volunteers (P < 0.01). The serum IL-18 level decreased after patients underwent surgical resection. However, there was no significant difference in the serum IL-18 level between healthy controls and patients with Stage I or IV disease. Patients with IL-18 levels >or= 310 pg/mL (i.e., equal to or greater than the mean levels +/- 1 standard deviation in the healthy volunteers) experienced a significantly lower survival rate compared with patients who had IL-18 levels < 310 pg/mL after undergoing surgery (P < 0.05) despite a lack of any discernible difference in clinicopathologic factors between the two groups. The serum IL-18 level was identified as an independent postoperative prognostic factor in multivariate survival analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio, 4.89; P = 0.01). There was no significant correlation between HP serology status and serum IL-18 levels. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative serum IL-18 level may represent a significant postoperative prognostic determinant in patients with gastric carcinoma. Its function in the host immune system remains to be elucidated.