20项新生儿行为神经测定评分法对早产儿脑发育及脑损伤的评价

【目的】探讨20项新生儿行为神经测定(neonatal behavioral neurological assessment,NBNA)评分法对早产儿脑发育及脑损伤的诊断价值。【方法】将234例不同胎龄早产儿分为高危脑损伤组(A组),共157例;"正常"早产儿组(B组),共77例。在生后3、7、14、28d进行NBNA评分。【结果】A组在生后4个时间点的NBNA评分低于B组,在28d时(校正胎龄达足月)的评分均小于36分;B组大于36分,其34、35、36周胎龄组大于37分。随评分日龄增长,两组NBNA评分均逐渐增加。其中A组35、36周胎龄组在生后14与28d间评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其它各胎龄组内任意两个时间点间的评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。B组各胎龄组内任意两个时间点间的评分差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),其增幅为33周34周35周36周,呈减速增长。【结论】NBNA评分可以反映33周以上早产儿脑发育的状况和发展规律,及其脑损伤后的变化。     

新生儿行为神经测定在新生儿重症监护病房的应用

围生期高危儿常因颅脑损伤而遗留各种后遗症,对其远期预后进行评估,是抢救治疗及早期干预的重要参考依据〔1〕。新生儿行为神经评分(NBNA)可全面评价新生儿的行为能力,早期发现新生儿的脑功能异常及判断预后〔2〕。本研究采用NBNA评分对高危儿从新生儿期开始进行干预,用婴儿智能发育量表(CDCC)评估其发育商。1对象与方法1.1对象选用2000年3月~2002年3月在我院出生的高危新生儿共108例。男78例,女30例。孕周(37.3±2.7)周,体重(2638±640)g,早产儿12例,颅内出血患儿16例,缺氧缺血性脑病患儿51例,高胆红素血症患儿25例,化脓性脑膜炎患儿2…     

新生儿行为神经测定对高危儿预后评估的价值

围生期高危儿常因脑损伤而遗留各种后遗症。对其远期预后进行预测，是抢救治疗及早期干预的重要参考依据。新生儿行为神经评分(neonatal behavioral neurological assessment．NBNA)可全面评价新生儿的行为能力，早期发现新生儿的脑功能异常及预测预后。本研究采用NBNA对高危儿从新生儿期开始干预，用婴幼儿智能发育量表(CDCC)评估其发育商，旨在研究NBNA对高危儿预后的预测意义。     

规范管理和早期干预对高危儿智能的影响

【目的】探讨高危儿规范管理和早期综合干预对高危儿智能的影响。【方法】高危儿干预组46例,均为2005~2006年中山市博爱医院新生儿重点护理病房(neonatal intensive case unit,NICU)住院新生儿;高危儿对照组230例,为2005年以前本院NICU住院新生儿,同期在本院儿保门诊常规体检的儿童作为正常对照组。用Gesell婴幼儿发育量表进行早期神经心理发育监测。【结果】高危干预组与高危对照组比较:1岁时高危干预组的语言和个人社交2个能区和平均发育商(developmental quotient,DQ)均高于高危对照组(P<0.05);而大运动、适应行为和精细动作DQ两组差异无显著性。高危干预组与正常对照组比较:大运动、个人社交和平均DQ两组差异无显著性;高危干预组精细动作和适应行为DQ比正常对照组儿童低(P<0.05);高危干预组的语言DQ比正常对照组儿童高(P<0.01)。高危对照组5个能区和平均DQ均低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。【结论】高危儿规范管理和早期综合干预能促进高危儿的神经心理发育。     

综合干预对脑损伤高危儿神经发育的研究

目的 探讨综合干预对脑损伤高危儿神经系统发育的影响和干预时效性。方法 选择脑损伤高危儿,按照干预依从性原则,分为非干预组和干预组。干预组又根据干预时间窗分为新生儿期干预组(A组)、婴儿期干预组(B组)和幼儿期干预组(C组),同时选择同期出生的正常婴幼儿为对照组(E组)。分析不同组别婴幼儿运动、智能和神经发育结局。结果 新生儿期干预组除生后1周NBNA评分低于正常对照组外,各运动发育的建立时间、智能和神经发育水平均接近正常对照组。而各运动发育的建立时间评价发现,干预组优于非干预组,且新生儿期和婴儿期干预效果优于幼儿期干预组;智能低下和脑瘫的发生率比较发现,干预组优于非干预组(D组),且新生儿期和婴幼儿干预效果优于幼儿期干预组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 脑损伤一定程度上导致婴幼儿运动、智能和神经发育损伤,而综合干预有明显改善效果,干预时间越早效果越好。     

新生儿行为神经测定联合儿心量表在预测胆红素神经毒性中的价值探讨

目的探讨新生儿行为神经测定（NBNA）联合儿心量表在预测胆红素神经毒性中的价值。方法将2006年1～12月收治的足月无缺氧、窒息病史的高胆红素血症患儿76例，根据脑干听觉诱发电位（ABR）表现分成A、B、C三组，比较三组患儿治疗前、治疗后7、14d的NBNA总分及随访至1岁行儿心量表检测的发育商（DQ），分析NBNA及儿心量表与ABR的相关性。结果与A、B组比较，C组NBNA及儿心量表明显异常，可见NBNA及儿心量表与ABR的异常密切相关。结论NBNA联合儿心量表是预测胆红素神经毒性的良好指标。     

高危儿行为发育的早期干预治疗

【目的】　通过早期干预促进高危儿的行为发育。　【方法】　将 78例高危儿随机分为干预组、未干预组 ,并设正常新生儿对照组。仅对干预组患儿实施早期康复干预 ,定期随访 ,以《贝莉智能发育量表》进行智能发育评估 ;未干预组、对照组患儿只进行常规体格检查和育儿指导。 1岁时通过《Gesell发育诊断量表》对三组患儿进行智能发育的最终评估。　【结果】　 3、9月龄时干预组患儿智力发育指数及运动发育指数均高于未干预组 (P <0 .0 1) ,可达对照组水平 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;1岁时Gesell智能检查 ,干预组与未干预组比较除大运动能区不存在差异外 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,其它四大能区差异均存在非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,与对照组比较五大能区差异均无显著性。　【结论】　早期干预可促进高危儿的行为发育 ,改善其预后。     

新生儿行为神经测定在儿保门诊的实用性探讨

【目的】分析新生儿行为神经测定(neonatal behavioral neurological assessment,NBNA)在儿保门诊对脑损伤儿早期筛查的实用性,为早期干预提供依据。【方法】将2007年3月~2008年5月就诊于梧州市妇幼保健院儿童保健门诊的42 d婴儿采用NBNA方法进行测定,并进一步行颅脑CT或颅脑彩超检查,以研究两者的相关性。【结果】NB-NA方法与影像学符合率高。【结论】将新生儿行为神经测定纳入儿保门诊42 d婴儿常规检查,对高危儿的早期筛查意义重大。     

新生儿的神经行为检查结果分析

目的 分析新生儿神经行为检查结果。方法 选择2021年7—12月于医院产科分娩的70例足月高危新生儿作为试验组,另选择同期于医院产科分娩的70名足月正常新生儿作为对照组。两组均于出生后3～28 d由同一名护士采用新生儿20项行为神经评分法（NBNA）检查神经行为,比较两组NBNA评分及NBNA评分>35分、≤35分所占比例。结果 试验组NBNA评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;试验组NBNA评分>35分所占比例低于对照组,≤35分所占比例高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 足月高危新生儿NBNA评分较足月正常新生儿低,且≤35分所占比例较高,需要早期予以干预和治疗。     

早期干预对缺血缺氧脑病患儿神经生长因子水平及NBNA评分的影响

目的观察早期干预对缺血缺氧脑病新生儿神经生长因子水平及行为神经测定（N13NA）评分的影响。方法选择唐山市玉田县医院2009年6月-2011年10月d,JL科住院的60例缺血缺氧脑病患儿作为观察对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,对照组进行常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上进行早期干预,比较分析两组患儿的血清神经生长因子（NOF）水平及NBNA评分的变化情况。结果治疗前两组患儿的血清NGF水平、NBNA评分比较,组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,治疗后观察组的血清NGF水平、NBNA评分明显高于对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论早期干预对缺血缺氧脑病患儿提高神经生长因子水平及改善NBNA评分具有良好效果,值得临床推广应用。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.