皮片移植术后受区PaO2和PaCO2的动态变化

目的：了解移植皮片的血运建立过程与成活机理。方法：以家猪为动物实验模型,进行全厚皮片及中厚皮片移植。采用经皮血气分析仪分别于术后0d、1d、3d、5d、7d、9d及14d检测移植皮片中央PaO2（氧分压）和PaCO2（二氧化碳分压）。结果：全厚皮与中厚皮分别在移植术后3d和2d PaO2与正常猪皮肤PaO2有非常显著的差异（P＜0．01）,并分别于术后5d和术后3d恢复至正常水平（P＞0．05）;全厚皮在术后5d、中厚皮在术后3d与猪正常皮肤相比,PaCO2有非常显著差异（P＜0．01）,分别于术后7d和术后5d恢复至正常皮肤水平（P＞0．05）。结论：皮片厚度决定着血运建立时间的早晚,用动脉血气动态监测移植皮片后的存活情况简便可靠。     

真皮下血管网皮瓣的基础研究进展

Tsukada(1980)首先应用真皮下血管网皮片.因其比全厚皮片丰满耐磨.曾广泛用于烧伤晚期修复。但不少病例出现水泡、色素沉着和花斑,应用受到限制。鉴于上述情况.司徒朴等(1984)首先将真皮下血管网皮片游离移植改为带蒂移植的真皮下血管网皮瓣(Subdermal vascular network skin—flap,SVNF)成功用于临床。此型皮瓣充分发挥了真皮下血管网的作用,被认为是“继游离皮瓣肌皮瓣和筋膜皮瓣之后,对皮瓣移植术又一新的挑战。”近十余年来在整形美容外科和创伤外科得到广泛应用。相应地,SVNF 的解剖     

大张真皮下血管网皮片成功移植的临床经验

临床应用真皮下血管网皮片修复颜面14例、足16例、手8例、上肢4例、胸前1例组织缺损共43例53处均获成功。皮片面积最大600cm~2,用于修复全颜面缺损。43例中40例皮片100％成活,1例98％成活、92％成活1例,成活90％的1例。证明真皮下血管网皮片游离移植成活率高、修复质量优良、适应症广泛。凡适合传统中厚及全厚植皮的创面真皮下血管网皮片都能成活良好。认为仔细修剪皮片,保留完整的真皮下血管网是皮片成活的首要因素。创面有健康肉芽组织生长是真皮下血管网成活的第二个要素。应避免在需用皮瓣修复的大面积骨关节裸露创面、溃疡及褥疮创面、放射     

大张真皮下血管网皮片成功移植的临床经验

1077年塚田贞夫首先报告真皮下血管网皮片游离植皮法。我们在1981～1983年间曾在临床行真皮下血管网皮片移植,因当时对此种皮片的血供方式及成活机理不甚了解,故成活率不稳定。自1992年以来我们在进行真皮下血管网皮瓣、皮管、皮片血供及成活方式实验研究的基础上,应用大张真皮下血管网移植修复不同部位缺损与畸形,皮片成活率高,修复效果好。     

真皮下血管网皮片移植的系列研究

用家猪为实验动物,研究了真皮下血管网皮管、皮瓣、皮片的血供方式及成活规律。皮管是研究真皮下血管网皮瓣血供的良好模型。用成活长度、ECT 测定核素分布范围等方法证明超长真皮下血管网皮瓣的远侧部份得不到来自蒂部的血供,这种皮瓣实际上是真皮下血管网皮瓣与皮片的复合物。超长超宽真皮下血管网皮瓣(树叶状)实际上大部分不是皮瓣而是皮片。实验及临床研究结果表明:富含真皮下血管网的供皮区;保持真皮下血管网完整无损及皮下脂肪厚度不超过3mm;受区创面状况良好;在30mmHg(4kPa)左右的压力下持续加压包扎17天是保证真皮下血管网皮片成活的四个要素。报告了包括面积在600～1000cm~2的大张真皮下血管网皮片在内的88例(102个皮片)临床成功经验。用局部加热,术后肌注抗缺氧药物和双氧水皮片下滴注的方法分别使带有4mm 厚脂肪的猪真皮下血管网皮片的成活率达到93.5±5.8%,94.0±8.2%,84.0±4.3%。     

黑皮素受体-1在自体中厚移植皮片中的表达

目的　检测MC - 1R在自体移植皮片中的表达 ,并与自身正常皮肤作对照 ,初步认识MC - 1R在自体移植皮片过度色素沉着中的作用。方法　利用免疫组织化学方法检测自体中厚移植皮片与供区及受区周围自体正常对照皮肤中MC - 1R的表达 ,并行统计学分析。结果　MC - 1R的表达定位于表皮基底部黑素细胞、角朊细胞的胞浆及胞膜 ,在大部分自体中厚移植皮片中呈强阳性表达 ,其强阳性表达率为 6 7.7% ,与在自体正常对照皮肤中的表达差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;MC - 1R在受区周围与供区正常对照皮肤中的表达差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 1)。结论　MC - 1R在自体中厚移植皮片中的表达较在自体正常对照皮肤中显著增高 ,在自体移植皮片过度色素沉着中起重要调控作用。     

中厚皮片和真皮下血管网皮瓣联合封闭式负压引流技术修复四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤

目的总结中厚皮片和真皮下血管网皮瓣联合封闭式负压引流技术(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)修复四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤的疗效。方法2008年1月-2009年2月,采用中厚皮片和真皮下血管网皮瓣联合VSD修复12例四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤。男9例,女3例;年龄17～65岁。交通伤7例,机器轧伤3例,其他伤2例。损伤部位:上肢2例,小腿8例,足踝及足背2例。创面范围为9cm×7cm～38cm×24cm。受伤至入院时间3～11h,平均5h。结果10例经5～7dVSD治疗后,95%以上撕脱皮肤成活;2例创面缩小50%及60%,直接拉拢缝合后于大腿外侧取中厚皮片修复残余创面,同时联合VSD治疗5～7d后移植皮片成活。患者术后均获随访,随访时间6～12个月。创面无明显瘢痕增生,关节功能恢复满意。结论中厚皮片和真皮下血管网皮瓣联合VSD修复四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤具有早期封闭创面、减轻水肿、降低感染几率、促进撕脱皮肤成活等优点。     

扩张的超薄皮瓣分区修复颜面部烧伤瘢痕

目的：对于烧伤后犬面积面部瘢痕，探讨一种能最大限度达到面部特殊功能和形态要求的组织修复方法。方法：根据瘢痕的范围结合美容分区将扩张器置入真皮下血管网下；术后5天开始注水，间隔3～5天，平均约60天完成注水过程；瘢痕切除，扩张皮瓣分叶或不分叶转移修复缺损，必要时辅以扩张后的真皮下血管网皮片移植，均取得良好的效果。结果：术后随访6个月到2年，38个病例转移后的皮瓣不需要修薄，外观和功能均比较满意。结论：保留真皮下血管网的扩张皮瓣结合扩张后的真皮下血管网皮片移植能够提供较多的高质量的额外皮肤，是一种高效、实用并且更接近颜面部美学标准的组织修复方法。     

不打包固定游离植皮修复皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨不打包固定游离植皮修复皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 2010年6月至今行游离植皮术后不打包固定皮片150例,头面部20例,手及前臂100例,足及下肢30例。皮片面积:1.0cm×1.5 cm~10.0 cm×20.0 cm,其中刃厚皮片10例,中厚皮片80例,全厚皮片40例,含真皮下血管网皮片20例,头面部创面均是含真皮下血管网皮片,面积较大的新鲜肉芽创面采用刃厚皮片,四肢新鲜创面用中厚及全厚皮片。结果术后随访1~6个月,随访50例,未见明显瘢痕增生,关节处感染和坏死的创面出现瘢痕挛缩。术后无一例发生感染和坏死的并发症。结论此方法简便、可靠、实用易推广,且减少术者工作量、缩短手术时间。     

随意型皮瓣移植术的失误及处理

随意型皮瓣移植术的失误及处理作者单位：１０００８３北京医科大学附属三院孔繁祜皮瓣移植术与皮片移植术并列，合称为皮肤移植术。皮瓣除包括皮肤的全层外，并含有皮下脂肪组织，其厚度远远大于皮片，因此，不能进行游离移植（除非是吻合血管的游离皮瓣移植），在其尚未...     

面颈部严重缺损畸形的修复重建

介绍面颈部严重皮肤缺损依据创面部位、形状和大小的不同,采用不同的修复方法。Ⅲ～Ⅳ度颏颈粘连,在切除瘢痕的同时颏部掀起皮下组织筋膜瓣,翻转缝合加长颏突,颌颈角加深,再选用真皮下血管网皮瓣或真皮下血管网皮片移植;肿瘤切除或Ⅲ度烧伤创面修复时,采用组织量较多的股前外侧皮瓣或胸大肌皮瓣移植,面部的游离皮瓣移植均以颈外动脉或甲状腺上动脉为供血动脉,并采用横切口端侧吻合方式。     

A Comparison of Full and Split Thickness Skin Grafts in Radial Forearm Donor Sites

To formally evaluate the functional and aesthetic outcomes between full versus split thickness skin graft coverage of radial forearm free flap donor sites. A retrospective chart review of 47 patients who underwent pedicled or free radial forearm free flap reconstruction from May 1997 to August 2004 was performed. Comparisons were made between patients who had donor site coverage with split thickness skin grafts (STSG) or full thickness skin grafts (FTSG). There was no statistically significant difference between the STSG and FTSG in the number of post-operative dressings, incidence of tendon exposure, time to healing at the skin graft donor site, and time to healing at the skin graft recipient site. The questionnaire data showed there was a trend toward higher scores with the radial forearm scar aesthetics and satisfaction in the FTSG group. Full thickness skin graft coverage of radial forearm free flap donor site is superior to split thickness skin graft coverage in terms of aesthetic outcome, and has no statistically significant difference in terms of tendon exposure, time to healing at the skin graft donor site, time to healing at the skin graft recipient site, or post operative pain.     

Radial forearm flap surgery—evaluation of donor site morbidity

The free radial forearm flap is an excellent method for reconstruction of defects in the head and neck region. In the literature, there is still disagreement about the best surgical treatment of the forearm defect to avoid functional and cosmetic drawbacks. There is a debate about using full-thickness skin graft or better split thickness skin graft. To evaluate our own results after radial forearm flap surgery, a follow-up examination and standardized interview of 25 patients was performed. For closure of the donor site, a full skin graft from the groin was used in 17 cases and split skin graft from the thigh in eight cases. All patients were satisfied with postoperative results and hand function for everyday use. Subjective complaints were more common in the split skin graft group, especially related to loss of sensibility. Because of severe wound healing failure with tendon exposure in one case after split skin grafting, there was the necessity for surgical revision. During the medical examination, we documented more functional impairments in the split skin graft group than in patients after full skin grafting. Only the development of hypertrophic scars dominated in the full skin graft group. According to the trend to fewer complications, we prefer full-thickness skin grafts for the closure of the donor site after radial forearm flap surgery. This study was presented at the International Forum: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Head and Neck, Annual Meeting of the German Academy of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, May 16–20 2007, Munich, Germany.     

Is there a noticeable temporary protective function of homologous skin grafts of variable thickness in deep burns against the effect of atmospheric oxygen?]

The injurious influence of atmospheric oxygen upon healing of large wound areas for instance of burn wounds is well known, in differently thick skin grafts different protective functions can be demonstrated. Experiments show the isolation functions of the full-thickness on the one and split skin grafts on the other hand in burn wounds by measuring the subcutaneous pO2: under temporary full-thickness grafts there are with regard to the atmospheric oxygen clearly lower oxygen partial pressures than under split skin grafts.     

Free groin-flap transfer for skin defects associated with orthopaedic problems of the lower extremity.

Seventeen patients with full-thickness skin loss complicating orthopaedic problems of the lower part of the leg and the foot underwent free groin-flap transfer. Free flaps were used because more conventional means of coverage had failed or were deemed inappropriate. Nine patients had uncomplicated one-stage flap transfer. Three had peripheral necrosis but required no further procedures. Five patients had superficial necrosis of more than one-fourth of the flap, but split-thickness skin grafts applied to the viable subdermal portion of the flap provided an adequate surface in all but one of them. Necrosis was considered to be a result of anastomosis to scarred recipient vessels or of unexplained vessel thrombosis. It may be circumvented in part by the use of interposed vein grafts, or proximal extension of the flap along the recipient vascular tree.     

颈胸真皮下血管网薄皮瓣修复颌颈部瘢痕

目的探讨颈胸真皮下血管网薄皮瓣修复颌颈部瘢痕的临床效果。方法１９９０年３月～１９９８年５月应用颈胸真皮下血管网薄皮瓣修复颌颈烧伤瘢痕畸形２１例,皮瓣最大１４ｃｍ×８ｃｍ,最小８ｃｍ×５ｃｍ,供瓣区直接拉拢缝合。结果除１例皮瓣远端部分坏死外,其余２０例皮瓣均完全成活。随访６个月～３年６个月,皮瓣功能及外形均满意。结论颈胸真皮下血管网薄皮瓣可提供的皮瓣面积大,质地柔软,手术较为简便,适合颌颈部较大面积缺损的修复。     

创伤性唇颊缺损畸形修复126例

目的：研究应用各种皮瓣，皮管、真皮下血管网皮片及全厚皮肤移植，修复唇颊缺损畸形，方法：依据唇颊缺损的面积和损伤的深度，选择相应的唇交叉瓣，鼻唇沟皮瓣，前臂挠动脉游离皮瓣，上臂皮管，真皮下血管网皮片和全厚皮片移植。结果：治疗126例，I期手术完成98例，II－Ⅳ期手术完成28例，各类皮瓣，皮管，皮肤移植全部在活，4例修复上唇仍有轻度外翻，经再次手术修复后恢复自然状态。结论：创伤性唇颊缺损是以缺损的程度选择修复的方法，修复得当，可使唇的功能外观同时恢复对称自然美，使皮瓣，皮管的表面色泽与受区相近，但皮肤移植色泽相差较为明显。     

游离皮片受区扩张后作为任意皮瓣供瓣区的实验报告

目的:旨在探讨游离皮片受区进行扩张后作为任意皮瓣供瓣区以增加皮肤来源的可行性。方法:在兔背部设计全厚皮片交换移植,皮片存活2月后进行软组织扩张器的置入。注水结束后,进行邻近皮瓣移植修复另一新造皮肤缺损区,观察邻近皮瓣存活情况,并研究真皮下血管网形态。结果:扩张后的部分作为供瓣区,共18个部位,皮瓣全部存活16个部位,2个部位皮瓣部份坏死,皮瓣存活者见皮肤颜色,质地尚可,扩张后的皮片下血管网明显扩张、增粗。结论:选择合适病例,游离皮片受区进行扩张,可以作为再次手术供瓣区。     

手部皮肤撕脱伤的急诊手术治疗

目的探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的急诊手术治疗效果。方法54例手部皮肤撕脱伤患者全部采用急诊手术方法治疗。其中原位缝合12例,将撕脱皮肤修剪成中厚皮片回植8例,中厚皮片游离植皮9例,腹部带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣18例,指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣6例,筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣1例。结果53例创面成功修复,1例原位缝合术后皮肤约30%坏死,经二期游离植皮修复。54例均获随访,时间6～24个月,皮肤质地柔软,外观满意,感觉、运动功能恢复较好。结论针对手部皮肤撕脱伤不同伤部情况,准确判断皮肤撕脱伤的损伤程度,应用上述方法急诊修复,能最大限度地恢复伤手的外形与功能。     

真皮下血管网皮瓣在手外伤修复中的应用

目的 总结真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手外伤创面手术时机及效果。方法1999年1月～2004年6月，应用胸腹部带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手部皮肤软组织缺损创面22例，其中男17例，女5例。年龄9～42岁。撕脱伤12例，碾压伤2例，热压伤5例，电烧伤3例；急诊手术13例，3～7d手术9例。手术依创面情况选择胸部或下腹部皮瓣，修薄皮下脂肪保留2～4mm。对于多指损伤，将皮瓣设计成2～3叶，形成多个带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣，手部缺损区分别置于皮瓣内。结果术后1例皮瓣远端小部分坏死，经换药后愈合，余21例皮瓣完全成活。术后随访3个月～2年，受区皮肤平整、色泽好、质地软，断蒂后不须修整，外形美观，功能恢复满意。术后3～6个月有触觉及痛温觉恢复。结论应用胸腹部带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手部皮肤软组织缺损具有疗程短，术后手外形及功能恢复佳等优点，是较理想的一种修复方法。