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目的 :探讨基于目标性感染监测的预见性护理对新生儿重症监护室(Neonatal intensive care unit,NICU新生儿医院感染的预防作用。方法:对象来自本院2020年1月~2021年2月NICU收治的61例新生儿。根据护理方式分为观察组(n=36)和对照组(n=25)。护理后,比较两组NICU新生儿院内感染率、例次感染率,并分析影响NICU新生儿发生院内感染的因素。结果:观察组院内感染率(8.33%)、例次感染率(11.11%),明显低于对照组的院内感染率(32.00%)、例次感染率(36.00%)(P<0.05);单因素分析显示,出生胎龄、出生体质量、住院时间、Apgar评分及气管插管等因素均与NICU新生儿发生院内感染有关(P<0.05)。结论:基于目标性感染监测的预见性护理可降低NICU新生儿医院感染率,积极主动了解NICU新生儿发生院内感染的影响因素,有助于及时给予处理,降低NICU新生儿发生院内感染,值得临床推广。 相似文献
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目的:调查新生儿院内感染情况,帮助预防和控制院内感染。方法:通过对长春某医院重症监护室(NICU)1990年度相对隔离室改进后与20H03年度院内感染发病率的比较,以及1990年度院内重症监护室感染疾病的分布,制定加强在职教育,加强呼吸道管理、基础护理,强化医院消毒效果检测,合理使用抗生素等防治措施,减少NICU患儿院内感染的机会,应用临床信息系统提高护理质量。结果:科学性、先进性的预防控制管理网络,降低了院内感染率。结论:NICU已成为院内感染的高危监控区域。对病室的改制,院内感染的高危因素进行分析,采取综合性防治措施,降低了院内感发率。 相似文献
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目的:通过对新生儿重症监护室(NICU)医院感染状况的监测,探讨相关因素及积极有效的控制措施。方法:分析NICU 2301例新生儿的医院感染发生率,监测患儿感染的疾病、感染部位以及监护室内空气、医护人员的手卫生、医疗器械的消毒情况。结果:发生医院感染65例,79例次,感染率为2.82%,感染例次率为3.43%。胎龄小、体重低、住院时间长、抗生素的应用、医护人员的手卫生、NICU的环境和侵入性操作等均为医院感染的高危因素。结论:加强新生儿重症监护室医院感染的管理,针对感染高危因素采取有效的预防措施,可减少新生儿重症监护室医院感染的发生。 相似文献
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目的探讨新生儿监护室院内感染的高危因素及控制新生儿监护室院内感染的护理措施。方法通过分析新生儿感染的高危因素,提出相应的护理对策。结果针对感染的高危因素进行科学防护,可有效降低新生儿监护室院内感染率。结论加强NICU的规范管理、新生儿的基础护理、呼吸道管理及合理使用抗生素是降低新生儿监护室院内感染的关键。 相似文献
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新生儿重症监护室医院感染分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探讨新生儿重症监护室(NICU)医院感染的特点、危险因素及预防措施。方法 对2002年1月1日~2005年12月31日2069例住院新生儿医院感染进行回顾性分析。结果 2069例病例中发生医院感染153例。感染率7.39%,感染部位以呼吸道为主,占医院感染的47.06%。在153例医院感染病例中原发病为早产儿发生医院感染69例。医院感染率11.64%,占首位。原发病为新生儿窒息发生医院感染43例,医院感染率为9.01%,占第2位。结论新生儿重症监护室医院感染率高。早产、低体重、原发病重、住院时间长、抗生素不合理应用是高危因素。坚持严格的消毒隔离制度、严格的无菌操作技术及控制抗生素不合理应用有助于降低医院感染率。 相似文献
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新生儿重症监护室医院感染分析与预防对策 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
目的 探讨新生儿重症监护室 (NICU)医院感染的特点及预防措施。方法 回顾分析近 4年来 31 33例住院新生儿医院感染发生情况。结果 发生医院感染 2 74例 ,总的医院感染率为 8 7% ,感染部位以呼吸道为主 ,占医院感染的 5 0 7% ,其中呼吸机相关性肺炎占 2 0 8%。医院感染患儿中 1 0 5例病原菌培养阳性 ,共检出 1 31株病菌 ,革兰阴性杆菌 1 0 9株 (83 2 % ) ,革兰阳性球菌 2 2株 (1 6 8% )。革兰阴性杆菌以肺炎克雷伯杆菌最常见。院内感染革兰阴性杆菌对碳青霉烯类、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复合物敏感。胎龄 <37周早产儿医院感染率明显高于胎龄 >37周足月儿医院感染率 ,OR值为 3 98(95 %可信区间 :3 0 7~ 5 1 5 ,P <0 0 0 1 )。结论 早产儿是NICU医院感染的高危患儿。坚持严格消毒隔离措施 ,监测医院感染率和病原菌的分布情况 ,严格控制预防性使用抗生素有助于降低医院感染率 相似文献
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目的:探讨新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)医院感染相关的危险因素,研究其预防策略,为有效降低医院感染率提供科学依据。方法:采用回顾性调查方法,对2013年1-12月1026例新生儿科住院患儿的医院感染发生率、感染部位及病原菌进行统计分析。结果:共监测NICU患儿1026例,发生医院感染23例,26例次,医院感染率2.24%、例次感染率2.53%、日感染发病率2.73‰,感染率与出生体重密切相关;感染部位以血液系统、下呼吸道为主,分别占26.92%,23.08%;呼吸机使用率和呼吸机相关肺炎发生率为2.61%和22.73‰。结论:通过目标性监测有利于分析医院感染的高危因素,制定有效的医院感染预防与控制措施。 相似文献
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目的:了解新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)医院感染规律,以便采取更有效的控制措施.方法:采用2009年《医院感染监测规范》中目标性监测的方法,研究NICU医院感染发病率及部位分布,制定目标监测方案,建立感染监测日志对2011年3月-2012年2月入住NICU的患儿进行前瞻性监测.结果:2011年3月1日-2012年2月29日,NICU共收治危重新生儿444人次,发生医院感染27例次;医院感染例次发病率、日感染率、日感染调整率分别为6.08%、10.29‰、4.28‰,呼吸机相关性肺炎感染率、日感染率、日感染调整率为26.32%,68.49‰、20.82‰;平均病情严重程度为3.29%.感染病例培养出8株病原菌中,G-杆菌占62.5%,G+球菌占25.0%,真菌占12.5%.结论:胎龄小、体重低、侵入性操作等是NICU中新生儿医院感染的危险因素,通过控制抗菌药物滥用、强调洗手、加强全面消毒等措施,可降低耐药菌及医院感染发生率. 相似文献
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目的 监测和分析重症监护室中新生儿院内感染率,提出针对性护理控制措施.方法 从2016年1~12月在海南省妇幼保健院接受治疗的2000例患儿中选取体质量为(2000±500)g的800例早产儿作为观察对象,其中400例患儿应用改进后的新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)进行护理,对患儿的感染率、感染部位、感染病种等进行监测,以及对监护病房的仪器设备、用具、空气、医护工作者手部等细菌情况进行定向、抽样检测.分析重症监护室中新生儿院感率、感染部位以及不同疾病新生儿与院感的关系等.结果 400例改进前NICU护理的患儿有26例感染疾病,院内感染率为6.50%,而400例改进后NICU护理的患儿只有1例出现了感染,院内感染率为0.25%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);院内感染部位较高的分别为呼吸道感染(48.15%)和胃肠道感染(25.93%);新生儿院内感染的病原菌半数以上为革兰菌,有32株(占总菌数的61.54%),其次为肺炎克雷伯菌(占总菌数的13.46%);改进后重症监护病房外部环境中的食用工具、病房物体表面及推车的合格率显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 护理的改进有效地消除了新生儿患者的内在和外在的感染源,减少了新生儿重症监护病房院内感染的机会,提高了新生儿的安全系数. 相似文献
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目的探讨分析重症监护室(ICU)院内感染发生的危险因素,并总结出相应的控制措施,有效降低院内感染率。方法监测和分析2009年9月-2012年9月我院ICU院内感染状况,总结危险因素及控制对策。结果 ICU属于院内感染的高危科室,院内感染率明显高于其他科室。963例患者中134例(13.9%)发生医院感染,感染部位以下呼吸道为主,占58.2%,患者特殊的自身因素及外在因素等均成为发生ICU院内感染的危险因素。结论规范医疗操作流程,优化护理流程,合理应用抗生素,将有效降低重症监护室的院内感染率,提高治愈率,降低医疗费用,减少住院时间。 相似文献
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目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimers disease,AD)大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组(A组)、模型组(B组)、针灸组(C组)、益智+针灸组(D组)各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35(Aβ25-35)造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05);与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05,P〈0.01);与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。 相似文献
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以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI)分子靶向治疗研究为肇始,转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平,改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认,EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段,但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度, 相似文献
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Xue Wenrui Zhang Qiang Xu Yue Wang Wei Zhang Xiaodong Hu Xiaopeng 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2014,127(12):2376-2381
Background The therapeutic success of renal transplantation has been largely attributable to the development of effective and balanced immunosuppressive treatment regimens.This study provides a meta-analysis of a series of randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risk factors after renal transplantation.Methods We searched various electronic databases and bibliographies,including MEDLINE,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and EMBASE,for relevant studies published prior to October 2012.Results Our meta-analysis included five randomized controlled trials that examined a total of 923 patients.The tacrolimus group and the cyclosporine group exhibited no significant differences in MetS incidence after renal transplantation; risk ratio (RR):1.06,95% confidence interval (C/):0.73-1.55,P=0.76.Cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia (RR:0.50,95% CI:0.39-0.64,P <0.01).Although there were no statistically significant differences,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hypertension (RR:0.91,95% CI:0.83-1.00,P=0.06) after renal transplantation compared to tacrolimus treatment,and tacrolimus treatment was associated with a higher incidence of diabetes after renal transplantation (RR:1.79,95% CI:0.98-3.27,P=0.06) compared to cyclosporine treatment.Conclusions Compared to tacrolimus treatment,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia.Future large-scale studies are expected to be conducted to further confirm our findings. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang (LWDH), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS: After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived (OP-CD) rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water (n=12 rats per group). Twelve obese-resistant-CD (OR-CD) rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS: After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION: The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as 相似文献
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JIN Ke-tao SHI Su-ying TENG Li-song ZHU Tie-ming WANG Yu-guang MA Zeng-chun BIAN Xiang-yang JIN Zhi-gang SHENG Jian-xing HE Yi-jun GAO Yue 《美中医学》2008,5(8):46-51
The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus (Trg) based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYPs) in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1. 相似文献
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程丑夫是国家级名老中医,湖南中医药大学第一附属医院主任医师、教授、博士生导师,享受政府特殊津贴专家,出身于中医世家,从医40余年,经验丰富,对于内科系统及疑难杂症的治疗颇有心得,笔者有幸跟师学习,聆听教诲,受益匪浅,现将程师论治情志病的经典验案略陈一二。1思虑伤脾案患者肖某,女,27岁。初诊:2014年5月20日。半年前因婚变后出现忧心忡忡,多思多虑,近1月来反复腹部胀满,刻诊:腹胀,食后为甚,呃逆,无反酸,通气后可减轻,无腹痛,不欲食,夜寐不安,二便调。舌红苔厚白腻,脉弦,BP:110/70mmHg。 相似文献
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WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究:精、神、气、血、津、液部分 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
精、神、气、血、津、液是中医理论中6个非常重要的概念,有关术语在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中一共收录了59条,“世界中医药学会联合会”(以下简称世中联)《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了58条。血、津、液的内涵较为具体,有一定的物质基础,理解并不困难。翻译上虽有差异,但亦不难统一。精、神、 相似文献
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补肾活血方对PCOS大鼠模型卵巢中PAI-1mRNA表达的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
目的探讨补肾活血方对大鼠PCOS模型卵巢局部纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1(PAI—1mRNA)表达的影响。方法选用未成年24d龄SD雌性大鼠60只,随机分为模型组、克罗米酚组、补肾活血方高剂量组、补肾活血方低剂量组、正常对照组5组。用Bogovich法建立大鼠多囊卵巢病理模型。以克罗米酚为对照。用原位杂交法观察补肾活血方对多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的影响。结果模型组卵巢局部PAI—1mRNA存在卵泡膜间质细胞显著增高,用补肾活血方高、低剂量与克罗米酚药后,卵巢局部PAI-1mRNA的表达明显降低.差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05、P〈0.01)。补肾活血方高剂量组与克罗米酚组比较,差异具有显著统计学意义(P〈0.01);低荆量组与克罗米酚组比较差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05),补肾活血方高、低剂量组比较,低剂量组卵泡膜间质细胞上PAI-1的基因表达增高更明显,但二者差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论PAI-1mRNA可能与多囊卵巢综合征的发病机制有关。以补肾活血立法的补肾活血方能降低多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的显著增高表达.降低PAI—1mRNA卵巢局部的作用。提示补肾活血方可能通过PAI—1mRNA途径促进卵巢排卵的机制。 相似文献
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Jael A. Obiero Maureen N. Mburu Benson M. Ndung'u Kenneth K. Waititu Isaac Mulei Idle O. Farah Peter G. Mwethera 《生殖与避孕(英文版)》2008,19(2):107-118
Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of UniPron as a reversible contraceptive.
Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.
Results All the five females (100%) that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.
Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model (Papio anubis). 相似文献
Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.
Results All the five females (100%) that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.
Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model (Papio anubis). 相似文献