虎耳草的化学成分研究

目的:研究虎耳草石油醚萃取部分和乙酸乙酯萃取部分的化学成分.方法:虎耳草全草用80％乙醇提取后,依次用石油醚,乙酸乙酯,正丁醇萃取,对石油醚萃取部分和乙酸乙酯萃取部分采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱等手段进行分离、纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定.结果:从虎耳草的石油醚层和乙酸乙酯层分离得到10个化合物,分别为:β-谷甾醇(1),三十一烷醇(2),十八碳酸单甘油酯(3),胡萝卜苷(4),5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(5),二十四烷酸(6),对-香豆酸(7),没食子酸(8),槲皮素(9),岩白菜素(10).结论:其中化合物2～7为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

金樱子水提物对泌尿系统的影响

采用切断大鼠腹下神经制备尿频模型。金樱子水提物能使该模型大鼠排尿次数减少，排尿间隔时间延长，每次排尿增多。金婴子水提物抑制家兔离体空肠平滑肌的自主收缩，拮抗乙酰胆碱、氯化钡引起的家兔空肠平滑肌、大鼠离体膀胱平滑肌的痉挛性收缩，拮抗去甲肾上腺素引起的家兔离体胸主动脉条收缩反应，对上述３种平滑肌的抑制作用均呈显著的量效关系。     

Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and amylase by bartogenic acid isolated from Barringtonia racemosa Roxb. seeds

Barringtonia racemosa presents a wide range of therapeutic applications. In the course of identifying bioactives from Indian medicinal plants it was observed that the hexane, ethanol and methanol extracts of B. racemosa seeds displayed potent yeast and intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The methanol extract was found to be superior among them. However, none of the extracts exhibited pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, rather the ethanol and methanol extracts accelerated the alpha-amylase enzyme activity. Interestingly, however, bartogenic acid isolated from the methanol extract inhibited alpha-amylase also. This is the first report identifying alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity in B. racemosa seed extracts and assigning to bartogenic acid an alpha-glucosidase and amylase inhibitory property. The presence of bartogenic acid in B. racemosa seeds as a major compound is also reported for the first time in this communication.     

Renierosides, cerebrosides from a marine sponge Haliclona (Reniera) sp

Guided by the brine shrimp lethality assay, eight new cerebrosides (1-8) have been isolated from an extract of the marine sponge Haliclona (Reniera) sp. A novel feature of these cerebrosides was the presence of unprecedented amide-linked long-chain fatty acid moieties. The planar structures of the cerebrosides (1-8) were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques, mass spectrometric analyses, and chemical degradation methods. The isolated compounds did not display cytotoxicity to a panel of five human solid tumor cell lines.     

Diuretic activity of Fabiana patagonica in rats.

A pharmacological evaluation of the diuretic activity of Fabiana patagonica Speg. (Solanaceae) was carried out in isotonic saline loaded rats. The data reported in the present work indicate that the acetone extract and infusion of the aerial part of Fabiana patagonica showed a moderate diuretic activity. This activity could be due, in part, to the presence of oleanolic acid isolated as the major metabolite of F. patagonica.     

Spasmogenic effect of Datura metel root extract on rat uterus and rectum smooth muscles

The effect of Dautura metel leaf and root extracts, scopolamine and acetylcholine was studied on isolated smooth muscle preparations. Datura metel leaf extract and scopolamine showed antispasmodic effects, whereas Datura metel root extract and acetylcholine caused contracture in isolated rat uterus and rectum whole muscle. This suggests the presence of a spasmogenic factor in Datura metel root extract.     

Chemistry and pharmacology of an ethanol extract of Bumelia sartorum

Bumelia sartorum has been mentioned in Brazilian folklore for its reputed use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and inflammatory disorders. An ethanol extract of root bark elicited a hypoglycemic effect in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In addition, the extract altered glucose tolerance in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, enhanced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and significantly inhibited glycogenolysis in the liver. These results indicate that the hypoglycemic effect may be similar to chlorpropamide and possibly due to an enhanced secretion of insulin from the islets of Langerhans or an increased utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues. Besides hypoglycemic activity, the ethanol extract also elicited significant anti-inflammatory activity, but did not show any significant effects on blood pressure, respiration or on the various isolated tissue preparations studied. Basic acid has been isolated from the ethanol extract and this component may be responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory activity. However, it is yet to be established whether basic acid is responsible for the observed hypoglycemic activity of the ethanol extract.     

Antinociceptive activity of ethanolic extract and isolated compounds of Urtica circularis

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Urtica circularis (Hicken) Sorarú is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine to relieve pain in inflammatory processes.

Aim of the study

In the present study, the in vivo antinociceptive effect of Urtica circularis ethanolic extract and its isolated compounds has been investigated.

Materials and methods

Antinociceptive activity was evaluated through writhing, formalin and hot plate tests in mice. The phytochemical analysis was performed.

Results

The extract produced significant inhibition on nociception induced by acetic acid (ED50: 72.2 mg/kg, i.p.) and formalin (ED50: 15.8 mg/kg, i.p.) administered intraperitoneally and also orally. Atropine diminished the activity of the extract in the acetic acid test. In this model, at dose of 10 mg/kg i.p., vitexin was the most active of the isolated compounds (inhibition of 91%), and chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and vicenin-2 (6,8-di-C-glucosyl apigenin) produced an inhibition of 72%, 41% and 41%, respectively, whereas apigenin did not show any activity.

Conclusions

These results suggest that Urtica circularis extract produced antinociception possibly related to the presence of vitexin, chlorogenic, caffeic acid and vicenin-2. The activation of cholinergic systems seems to be involved in the mechanism of antinociception of the extract.     

DNA polymerase beta inhibitors from Baeckea gunniana

Crude plant extracts were surveyed for their ability to inhibit DNA polymerase beta. A methyl ethyl ketone extract prepared from Baeckea gunniana was identified as a potent inhibitor of the enzyme. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract, using an assay to monitor the inhibitory potential of individual fractions toward DNA polymerase beta, led to the isolation of four active ursane and oleanane triterpenoids (1-4). Inhibitory principle 1 is a new natural product, and 2 is a novel compound. Their structures were established as 3 beta-hydroxyrus-12,19(29)-dien-28-oic acid (1) and 3 beta-hydroxyrus-18,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid (2) by spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with the data for the structurally related compound ursolic acid (4). Also isolated as a DNA polymerase beta inhibitor was oleanolic acid (3). Compounds 1-4 had IC50 values of 5.3-8.5 microM as inhibitors of polymerase beta in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 2.5-4.8 microM in the absence of BSA.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of the ether extract from Artemisia integrifolia L. METHODS The chemical constituents of the ether extract from Artemisia integrifolia L were isolated by chromatography. Their structures were identified by NMR data analysis. RESULTS Ten compounds, namely chamazulene(1), acetylene(E)-2(2), acetylene(E)-3(3), acetylene(Z)-4(4), eugenol(5), palmitic acid(6), oleic acid(7), linoleic acid(8), linolenic acid(9), and 12,13-epoxy linolenic acid(10) were obtained from the ether extract from Artemisia integrifolia L. CONCLUSION Compounds 1-5 are isolated from this plant for the first time.     

广南天料木茎脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析

目的研究广南天料木茎的脂溶性化学成分。方法采用溶剂提取法、硅胶柱层析分离,得石油醚提取物Ⅰ和Ⅱ,采用气相色谱-质谱联用对其化学成分进行分离、鉴定及分析。结果从提取物Ⅰ中鉴定出13种成分,主要成分为棕榈酸甲酯(36.31%)、亚油酸甲酯(19.47%)、8-十八烯酸甲酯(13.84%);从提取物Ⅱ中分离、鉴定出18种成分,主要成分为棕榈酸甲酯(26.75%)、10,13-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(18.98%)、8-十八烯酸甲酯(13.79%);提取物Ⅰ和Ⅱ共同含有6种甲酯类化合物和反油酸,提取物Ⅰ含有甾醇类化合物(10.42%),提取物Ⅱ存在蒽醌类化合物(4.49%)。结论该研究首次对广南天料木茎的脂溶性化学成分进行研究,并首次鉴定出含有苯并吡喃结构的化合物2-乙氧基-2,4-二苯基-2H-1-苯并吡喃-3-碳酸乙酯。     

Chemical constituents of Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz]

Butanedioic acid was isolated from the ethyl alcohol extract of Hedysarum polybotrys. The methylated carboxylic acid was identified by GC-MS method.     

慈姑化学成分研究

从泽泻科植物慈姑球茎的甲醇提取物中分离到一种结晶性成分,经UV,IR,MS,H-NMR及¹⁸C-NMR鉴定为三达右松脂酸,药理实验初步证明它具有抑制T细胞免疫作用。     

Antidiarrhoeal activity of the aqueous extract of Terminalia avicennoides roots

The antidiarrhoeal effects of the aqueous root extract of Terminalia avicennoides were evaluated in rodents. Studies were carried out on the isolated rabbit jejunum, gastrointestinal motility in vivo and on castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice. The results revealed that the extract exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of the spontaneous pendular movement of the isolated rabbit jejunum and attenuated acetylcholine induced contractions. The extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) also caused a dose-dependent decrease of gastrointestinal transit and markedly protected mice against castor oil-induced diarrhoea. The intraperitoneal LD(50) of the extract was found to be 871.4-917.4 mg/kg in mice (95% confidence). A preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of T. avicennoides roots revealed the presence of tannins, saponins and flavonoids. The results obtained showed that the water extract of T. avicennoides roots may contain some biologically active principles that may be active against diarrhoea and this may be the basis for its use traditionally for gastrointestinal disorders.     

中药红芪的化学成分研究

从红芪的乙醇提取物中分离出琥珀酸,用GC-MS法从红芪有机酸的甲酯化物中鉴定了8种成分。     

Inhibitory Effect of Poria cocos on 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate-Induced Ear Oedema and Tumour Promotion in Mouse Skin

The methanol extract from the sclerotium of Poria cocos was found to inhibit 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced tumour promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. From the active fraction of the extract, eight lanostane-type triterpene acids and four 3,4-secolanostane-type triterpene acids were isolated. The isolated compounds showed inhibitory activity against TPA-induced ear inflammatory oedema. The 50% inhibitory dose of pachymic acid, 3- O -acetyl-16α-hydroxytrametenolic acid, dehydropachymic acid, dehydroeburiconic acid, 3β-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-21-oic acid, poricoic acid A and poricoic acid B for TPA-induced inflammation was 17–44 μg/ear, at a grade corresponding to that of hydrocortisone.     

Proposed active constituents of Dipladenia martiana.

3Beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylsitosterol, pomolic acid, ursolic acid, epicatechin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (astragalin), quercetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin-7-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside and quebrachitol were isolated by chromatographic fractionation of the methanol extract from the aerial parts of Dipladenia martiana (Apocynaceae). The hexane extract yielded lupeol and sitostenone. These compounds are likely to be responsible for the therapeutic effects.     

A pharmacological study on Berberis vulgaris fruit extract

Berberis vulgaris fruit (barberry) is known for its antiarrhythmic and sedative effects in Iranian traditional medicine. The effects of crude aqueous extract of barberry on rat arterial blood pressure and the contractile responses of isolated rat aortic rings and mesenteric bed to phenylephrine were investigated. We also examined effect of the extract on potassium currents recorded from cells in parabrachial nucleus and cerebellum rejoins of rat brain. Administration of the extract (0.05-1 mg/100 g body weight of rat) significantly reduced the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in anaesthetized normotensive and desoxycorticosteron acetate-induced hypertensive rats in a dose-dependent manner. Concentration-response curves for phenylephrine effects on isolated rat aortic rings and the isolated mesenteric beds in the presence of the extract were significantly shifted to the right. Application of the extract (1-50 microg/ml) shifted the activation threshold voltage to more negative potentials, leading to an enhancement in magnitude of the outward potassium current recorded from cells present in rat brain slices of parabrachial nucleus and cerebellum. This effect on potassium current may explain the sedative and neuroprotective effects of barberry. The present data support the hypothesis that the aqueous extract of barberry has beneficial effects on both cardiovascular and neural system suggesting a potential use for treatment of hypertension, tachycardia and some neuronal disorders, such as epilepsy and convulsion.     

管花肉苁蓉化学成分的研究

目的：研究国产管花肉苁蓉的化学成分。方法：采用各种色谱技术包括HPLC分离化学成分,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定结构。结果：分离得到4个环烯醚萜苷、1个木脂素苷和1个单萜,分别为五福花苷酸(Ⅰ),8-表马钱子酸(Ⅱ),京尼平苷酸(Ⅲ),玉叶金花苷酸(Ⅳ),丁香树脂酚葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ)和8-羟基香叶醇(Ⅵ)。结论：化合物Ⅰ和Ⅵ为首次从本属植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅲ,Ⅳ和Ⅴ为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

Changes in hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and lipid peroxidation by methanol extract and major compound of Orostachys japonicus

The effects of methanol extract and gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and lipid peroxidation were investigated in rats treated with bromobenzene. The methanol extract of Orostachys japonicus reduced the activities of phase I enzymes, aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, that had been increased by i.p. injection of bromobenzene. Gallic acid isolated from Orostachys japonicus also reduced the aniline hydroxylase activity, while it did not affect the aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. The methanol extract and gallic acid restored the activity of epoxide hydrolase which had been decreased by bromobenzene. Hepatic glutathione content was lowered, along with increase in hepatic lipid peroxide, by bromobenzene administration. The hepatic lipid peroxidation induced by bromobenzene was prevented with the methanol extract and gallic acid of Orostachys japonicus. However, the decrease in glutathione was not altered by gallic acid. The present results suggest that the methanol extract and gallic acid of Orostachys japonicus may protect liver from bromobenzene toxicity through, at least in part, inhibiting the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activities and enhancing the activity of epoxide hydrolase. Antioxidant effect also may contribute to the protection of Orostachys japonicus against the bromobenzene-induced hepatotoxicity.